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Anita Shapira
 
 
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Anita Shapira (born 1940) is an Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
i historian. She is the founder of the Yitzhak Rabin
Yitzhak Rabin

was an Israeli politician and general. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms in office, 1974–1977 and 1992 until his assassination in 1995....
 Center for Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
 Studies, a Ruben Merenfeld Professor of the Study of Zionism
Zionism

Zionism is the international Jewish political movement that originally supported the reestablishment of a homeland for the Jewish People in Palestine....
 and head of the Weizmann
Chaim Weizmann

Chaim Azriel Weizmann, , was a Zionism leader, President of the World Zionist Organization, and the first President of the State of Israel. He was Israeli presidential election, 1949 on 1 February 1949, and served until his death in 1952....
 Institute for the Study of Zionism at Tel Aviv University
Tel Aviv University

Tel Aviv University is a large, public university, located in Tel Aviv, Israel. As of 2006, the Tel Aviv University has a student population of 29,000....
. She received the Israel Prize
Israel Prize

The Israel Prize is an award handed out by the State of Israel. It is presented annually, on Yom Ha'atzma'ut, in a state ceremony in Jerusalem, in the presence of the President of Israel, the Prime Minister of Israel, the Knesset chairperson, and the Supreme Court of Israel president....
 in 2008.

ira was born in Warsaw, Poland
Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
 in 1940, immigrated
Aliyah

Aliyah refers to Jewish immigration to Greater Israel. The opposite action, Jewish emigration from Israel, is referred to as Yerida ....
 to Palestine in 1947 and grew up in Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv

Tel Aviv-Yafo , usually Tel Aviv, is the List of largest cities and second largest cities by country List of cities in Israel in Israel, with an estimated population of 390,100....
. The family lived on Yavneh Street sharing a kitchen and bathroom with other families.






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Anita Shapira (born 1940) is an Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
i historian. She is the founder of the Yitzhak Rabin
Yitzhak Rabin

was an Israeli politician and general. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms in office, 1974–1977 and 1992 until his assassination in 1995....
 Center for Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
 Studies, a Ruben Merenfeld Professor of the Study of Zionism
Zionism

Zionism is the international Jewish political movement that originally supported the reestablishment of a homeland for the Jewish People in Palestine....
 and head of the Weizmann
Chaim Weizmann

Chaim Azriel Weizmann, , was a Zionism leader, President of the World Zionist Organization, and the first President of the State of Israel. He was Israeli presidential election, 1949 on 1 February 1949, and served until his death in 1952....
 Institute for the Study of Zionism at Tel Aviv University
Tel Aviv University

Tel Aviv University is a large, public university, located in Tel Aviv, Israel. As of 2006, the Tel Aviv University has a student population of 29,000....
. She received the Israel Prize
Israel Prize

The Israel Prize is an award handed out by the State of Israel. It is presented annually, on Yom Ha'atzma'ut, in a state ceremony in Jerusalem, in the presence of the President of Israel, the Prime Minister of Israel, the Knesset chairperson, and the Supreme Court of Israel president....
 in 2008.

Biography

Shapira was born in Warsaw, Poland
Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
 in 1940, immigrated
Aliyah

Aliyah refers to Jewish immigration to Greater Israel. The opposite action, Jewish emigration from Israel, is referred to as Yerida ....
 to Palestine in 1947 and grew up in Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv

Tel Aviv-Yafo , usually Tel Aviv, is the List of largest cities and second largest cities by country List of cities in Israel in Israel, with an estimated population of 390,100....
. The family lived on Yavneh Street sharing a kitchen and bathroom with other families. Later, they moved to Yad Eliahu.

She studied general and Jewish history
Jewish history

Jewish history is the history of the Jewish people, Judaism, and Jewish culture. Since Jewish history encompasses nearly four thousand years and hundreds of different populations, any treatment can only be provided in broad strokes....
 at Tel Aviv University
Tel Aviv University

Tel Aviv University is a large, public university, located in Tel Aviv, Israel. As of 2006, the Tel Aviv University has a student population of 29,000....
, completing her Ph.D in 1974 under Professor Daniel Carpi. Her dissertation, "The Struggle for Hebrew Labor
Hebrew labor

Hebrew labor refers to the concept of hiring Jewish workers in Ottoman Empire and British Mandate of Palestine....
, 1929-1939," indicated her interest in the history of the Labor Zionist
Labor Zionism

Labor Zionism can be described as the major stream of the left wing of the Zionism movement. If it was not for many years the major stream in the Zionist movement, it was a significant tendency among Zionists and Zionist organizational structures....
 movement, which was to be a continuing focus of her research. Since 1985 she has been a full professor at Tel Aviv University, serving in 1990-95 as dean of the Faculty of Humanities. Since 1995 she has held the Ruben Merenfeld Chair for the Study of Zionism. In 2000, she was appointed head of the Chaim Weizmann
Chaim Weizmann

Chaim Azriel Weizmann, , was a Zionism leader, President of the World Zionist Organization, and the first President of the State of Israel. He was Israeli presidential election, 1949 on 1 February 1949, and served until his death in 1952....
 Institute for the Study of Zionism and Israel at Tel Aviv University. Since 2008, she has been the director of the Israel Democracy Institute
Israel Democracy Institute

The Israel Democracy Institute has been established in 1991 as a center for policy studies. Its main objective is to maintain democratic values the Israeli statehood has been founded on....
.

From 1985 to 1989, she was a member of the Planning and Budgeting Commission of the Council for Higher Education in Israel; in 1987-90 she was chair of the board of Am Oved
Am Oved

Am Oved is an Israeli publishing house. It was founded in 1942 by Berl Katznelson, who was also its first Editor in Chief.It was created as an organ of the Histadrut, Israel's federation of Labor, with a goal of publishing books that would "meet the spiritual needs of the working public." Its most well-known series is "Sifriyah La'am" , a s...
 publishing house; since 1988 she has been a board member of the Zalman Shazar
Zalman Shazar

Zalman Shazar was an Israeli politician, author and poet, and served as the third President of Israel from 1963 to 1973....
  Institute. In 2002-2008, she was president of the Memorial Foundation for Jewish Culture. She founded the Yitzhak Rabin
Yitzhak Rabin

was an Israeli politician and general. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms in office, 1974–1977 and 1992 until his assassination in 1995....
 Center for Israel Studies and its first director in 1996-99.

Awards

In 1977 she was awarded a prize from the Ben-Zvi
Yitzhak Ben-Zvi

Yitzhak Ben-Zvi was a historian, Labor Zionism leader, and the second and longest-serving President of Israel....
 Institute for her book Hama’avak Hanihzav (The Futile Struggle), and in 1992 the Am Oved
Am Oved

Am Oved is an Israeli publishing house. It was founded in 1942 by Berl Katznelson, who was also its first Editor in Chief.It was created as an organ of the Histadrut, Israel's federation of Labor, with a goal of publishing books that would "meet the spiritual needs of the working public." Its most well-known series is "Sifriyah La'am" , a s...
 publishing house awarded her a prize, on the occasion of its 50th anniversary, for the best non-fiction book, Herev Hayona (Land and Power), the English version of which won the National Jewish Book Award in 1993 in the category "Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
" In 2004 she was awarded the Zalman Shazar
Zalman Shazar

Zalman Shazar was an Israeli politician, author and poet, and served as the third President of Israel from 1963 to 1973....
 prize in Jewish History, for her biography of Yigal Allon
Yigal Allon

Yigal Allon was an Israeli politician, a commander of the Palmach, and a general in the Israel Defense Forces. He served as one of the leaders of Ahdut HaAvoda and the Labor Party ), acting Prime Minister of Israel, as well as being a member of Knesset and government minister from the tenth through the seventeenth Knessets....
. In 2005 she won the Herzel Prize for her excellence in Zionist research from the city of Herzliya
Herzliya

File:Location_herzliya.pngHerzliya is a List of Israeli cities of 84,200 residents located on the Israeli coastal plain of Israel. It is part of the Tel Aviv District....
. She was awarded the Israel Prize
Israel Prize

The Israel Prize is an award handed out by the State of Israel. It is presented annually, on Yom Ha'atzma'ut, in a state ceremony in Jerusalem, in the presence of the President of Israel, the Prime Minister of Israel, the Knesset chairperson, and the Supreme Court of Israel president....
 in Jewish history
Jewish history

Jewish history is the history of the Jewish people, Judaism, and Jewish culture. Since Jewish history encompasses nearly four thousand years and hundreds of different populations, any treatment can only be provided in broad strokes....
 for 2008.

Research

Shapira’s research focuses on the political
Political history

Political history narrative and analysis of political events, ideas, movements, and leaders. It is usually structured around the nation state. It is distinct from, but related to, other fields of history such as social history, economic history, and military history....
, cultural
Cultural history

The term cultural history refers both to an academic discipline and to its subject matter.Cultural history, as a discipline, at least in its common definition since the 1970s, often combines the approaches of anthropology and history to look at popular culture traditions and cultural interpretations of historical experience....
, social
Social history

Social history is an area of history study, considered by some to be a social science, that attempts to view historical evidence from the point of view of developing social trends....
, intellectual
Intellectual history

Intellectual history refers to the history of the people who create, discuss, write about and in other ways propagate ideas. Although the field emerged from European discourses of Kulturgeschichte and Geistesgeschichte, the historical study of ideas has engaged not only western intellectual traditions, but others as well including, but no...
 and military history
Military history

Military history is a humanities List of academic disciplines within the scope of History recording of War in the Human history, and its impact on the societies, their cultures, economies and changing Politics and international relationships....
 of the Jewish community in Palestine
Palestine

Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. It is derived from a name used already much earlier for a narrower geographical region, mainly along the coastal region....
 (the Yishuv) and Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
. Her first book, based on her doctoral dissertation, Hama’avak Hanihzav: Avoda Ivrit 1929-1939 (The Futile Struggle: Hebrew Work 1929-1939), deals with the social and political history of the Yishuv
Yishuv

Yishuv or Ha-Yishuv A distinction is sometimes drawn between the Old Yishuv and the New Yishuv.The Old Yishuv refers to all the Jews living there before the aliyah of 1882 by the Zionist movement....
 in the 1920s and 1930s, including the controversies on policy towards the Arab
Arab

An Arab is a person who Identity as such on linguistic or cultural grounds. The plural form, Arabs , refers to the Ethnocultural group at large....
 population and the conflicts between left and right on the means for achieving Zionist goals.

Her second book, Berl: The Biography of a Socialist Zionist, Berl Katznelson
Berl Katznelson

Berl Katznelson was one the intellectual founders of Labor Zionism, instrumental to the Declaration of Independence of the modern State of Israel, and the editor of Davar, the first daily newspaper of the workers' movement....
, 1887-1944, was widely acclaimed by the general reading public as well as in academia and was published in Hebrew in eight editions. Focusing on a major figure in the Labor Zionist
Labor Zionism

Labor Zionism can be described as the major stream of the left wing of the Zionism movement. If it was not for many years the major stream in the Zionist movement, it was a significant tendency among Zionists and Zionist organizational structures....
 movement, this book portrays the history, society and culture of the Yishuv
Yishuv

Yishuv or Ha-Yishuv A distinction is sometimes drawn between the Old Yishuv and the New Yishuv.The Old Yishuv refers to all the Jews living there before the aliyah of 1882 by the Zionist movement....
 from the Second Aliyah
Second Aliyah

The Second Aliyah was arguably the most important and influential aliyah. It took place between 1904 and 1914, during which approximately 40,000 Jews immigrated into Ottoman Empire Palestine, mostly from Russia and Poland, some from Yemen....
 to the end of World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
.

During work on a biography of Yigal Allon, Shapira became interested in the role of force in the Zionist
Zionism

Zionism is the international Jewish political movement that originally supported the reestablishment of a homeland for the Jewish People in Palestine....
  movement, initially inspired by an article by Menachem Begin
Menachem Begin

was the sixth Prime Minister of Israel. Before the establishment of the state, he was the leader of the Irgun, playing a central role in Jewish resistance to the British Mandate of Palestine....
 during the 1982 Lebanon War
1982 Lebanon War

The 1982 Lebanon War , , called by Israel the Operation Peace of the Galilee , and later colloquially also known in Israel as the First Lebanon War, began on 6 June 1982, when the Israel Defense Forces invaded southern Lebanon....
 on “A War of Choice.” This resulted in a book, Herev Hayona: Hatziyonut vehakoah, 1881-1948 (Land and Power: The Zionist Resort to Force, 1881-1948). In her biography of Yigal Allon
Yigal Allon

Yigal Allon was an Israeli politician, a commander of the Palmach, and a general in the Israel Defense Forces. He served as one of the leaders of Ahdut HaAvoda and the Labor Party ), acting Prime Minister of Israel, as well as being a member of Knesset and government minister from the tenth through the seventeenth Knessets....
, Yigal Allon, Native Son: A Biography, Shapira in fact portrays the development of the entire Palmach
Palmach

The Palmach was the regular fighting force of the Haganah, the unofficial army of the Yishuv during the period of the British Mandate of Palestine....
 generation in Palestine
Palestine

Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. It is derived from a name used already much earlier for a narrower geographical region, mainly along the coastal region....
, the first native-born Sabra
Sabra

Sabra may refer to:*Sabra , a native-born Israeli Jew*Sabra and Shatila, a Palestinians refugee camp in Beirut, Lebanon.*Sabra , a brand of Mediterranean food products...
 generation.

In this period she also started investigating issues connected to culture and collective memory, as in articles on Latrun
Latrun

Latrun is a strategic hilltop in the Ayalon Valley overlooking the road to Jerusalem. It is located 15 kilometers west of Jerusalem and 14 kilometers southeast of Ramla....
 and S. Yizhar
S. Yizhar

Yizhar Smilansky , better known by his pen name S. Yizhar , was an Israeli writer and a great innovator in modern Hebrew language literature....
’s short story “Hirbet Hize,” and on the attitudes of Israeli society to the Holocaust and Holocaust survivors
Sh'erit ha-Pletah

Sh'erit ha-Pletah is a biblical term used by Jewish survivors of the Nazi The Holocaust to refer to themselves and the communities they formed following their liberation in the spring of 1945....
. Her book Hatanakh vehazehut hayisraelit (The Bible and Israeli identity) seeks to explain why the status of the Bible
Bible

The Bible is the central religious text of Judaism and Christianity. The exact Books of the Bible is dependent on the religious traditions of specific denominations....
 has declined in Israeli identity. Issues of identity, culture and memory are also the focus of two collection of essays, Yehudim Hadashim, Yehudim Yeshanim (New Jews, Old Jews), and Yehudim, Tziyonim Umah shebeinehem (Jews, Zionists and Between).

Many of her books have been translated into English
English language

English is a West Germanic language that originated in Anglo-Saxon England and has lingua franca status in many parts of the world as a result of the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries and that of the United States from the mid 20th century onwa...
, German
German language

German is a West Germanic languages, thus related to and classified alongside English language and Dutch language. It is one of the world's world language and the most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union....
, Russian
Russian language

Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe....
, and French
French language

French is a Romance language spoken around the world by around 80 million people as first language, by 190 million as second language, and by about another 200 million people as an acquired tongue, with significant speakers in 54 countries....
.

Published works

  • Berl: The Biography of a Socialist Zionist, Berl Katznelson, 1887-1944/ Anita Shapira , translated by Haya Galai. Cambridge University Press
    Cambridge University Press

    Cambridge University Press is a printer and publisher granted a Royal Letters Patent by Henry VIII of England in 1534. It is the world's oldest continually operating book publisher....
    , 1984, ISBN 0-521-25618-6
  • Land and Power: The Zionist Resort to Force, 1881-1948 (Studies in Jewish History)/ Anita Shapira ; translated by William Templer. Oxford University Press
    Oxford University Press

    Oxford University Press is a publisher and a department of the University of Oxford in England. It is the largest university press in the world, being larger than all the American university presses combined with Cambridge University Press....
    , 1992, ISBN 0-19-506104-7)
  • Essential papers on Zionism / edited by Jehuda Reinharz
    Jehuda Reinharz

    Jehuda Reinharz is the President of Brandeis University notable for his proposed deaccession of one of the country's finest art collections. He is also a Richard Koret Professor of Modern Jewish History at the same institution....
     and Anita Shapira. New York: New York University Press, 1996.
  • Zionism and religion / Shmuel Almog, Jehuda Reinharz and Anita Shapira, editors. Hanover: Brandeis University
    Brandeis University

    Brandeis University is a Private university research university with a liberal arts focus, located in Waltham, Massachusetts, United States. It is located in the southwestern corner of Waltham, nine miles west of Boston, Massachusetts....
     Press in association with the Zalman Shazar Center for Jewish History, 1998.
  • Israeli historical revisionism: from left to right / edited by Anita Shapira and Derek Penslar
    Derek Penslar

    Derek J. Penslar is a Canadian historian.Penslar holds the PhD from the University of California at Berkeley. He is the Samuel J. Zacks Professor of Jewish History at the University of Toronto....
    . Portland, Ore.: Frank Cass, 2003.
  • Israeli identity in transition / edited by Anita Shapira. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2004.
  • Yigal Allon, Native Son: A Biography/ Anita Shapira, translated by Evelyn Abel. University of Pennsylvania Press
    University of Pennsylvania Press

    The University of Pennsylvania Press was originally incorporated with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania on 26 March 1890, and the imprint of the University of Pennsylvania Press first appeared on publications in the closing decade of the nineteenth century--among the earliest such imprints in America....
    , 2008, ISBN 978-0-8122-4028-3
  • Brenner: Sippur hayim ("Yosef Haim Brenner
    Yosef Haim Brenner

    Yosef Haim Brenner was a Ukraine-born Hebrew language author, one of the pioneers of modern Hebrew literature....
    : A Biography"), Am Oved, 2008


External links