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Zalman Shazar

 
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Zalman Shazar (born Shneur Zalman Rubashov on 24 November 1889, died 5 October 1974) was an Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
i politician, author and poet, and served as the third President of Israel
President of Israel

The President of the State of Israel is the head of state of Israel. The position is largely a ceremonial Figurehead role, with executive real power lying in the hands of the Prime Minister of Israel....
 from 1963 to 1973.

to a Hasidic family of the Chabad-Lubavitch
Chabad

*Chabad is an acronym for Chochmah, Binah, and Da'at, the three levels of Sefirot related to cognition according to the Kabbalah.*Chabad-Strashelye, Strashelye is a branch of the Chabad school of Hasidic Judaism....
 stream in Mir
Mir, Belarus

Mir is a town in Karelicy raion, Hrodna Voblast, Belarus about 85 kilometers southwest of the national capital, Minsk.Mir village was founded sometime prior to 1345....
, near Minsk
Minsk

Minsk is the Capital and largest city in Belarus, situated on the Svislach River and Nemiga rivers. Minsk is also a headquarters of the Commonwealth of Independent States ....
 in the Russian Empire
Russian Empire

File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
 (today in Belarus
Belarus

Belarus is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the north....
), he received a religious education as a youth. In his teenage years he became involved in the Poale Zion
Poale Zion

Poale Zion was a Movement of Marxism Zionism Jewish workers circles founded in various cities of the Russian Empire about the turn of the century after the General Jewish Labor Union rejected Zionism in 1901....
 Movement.






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Zalman Shazar (born Shneur Zalman Rubashov on 24 November 1889, died 5 October 1974) was an Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
i politician, author and poet, and served as the third President of Israel
President of Israel

The President of the State of Israel is the head of state of Israel. The position is largely a ceremonial Figurehead role, with executive real power lying in the hands of the Prime Minister of Israel....
 from 1963 to 1973.

Biography

Born to a Hasidic family of the Chabad-Lubavitch
Chabad

*Chabad is an acronym for Chochmah, Binah, and Da'at, the three levels of Sefirot related to cognition according to the Kabbalah.*Chabad-Strashelye, Strashelye is a branch of the Chabad school of Hasidic Judaism....
 stream in Mir
Mir, Belarus

Mir is a town in Karelicy raion, Hrodna Voblast, Belarus about 85 kilometers southwest of the national capital, Minsk.Mir village was founded sometime prior to 1345....
, near Minsk
Minsk

Minsk is the Capital and largest city in Belarus, situated on the Svislach River and Nemiga rivers. Minsk is also a headquarters of the Commonwealth of Independent States ....
 in the Russian Empire
Russian Empire

File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
 (today in Belarus
Belarus

Belarus is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the north....
), he received a religious education as a youth. In his teenage years he became involved in the Poale Zion
Poale Zion

Poale Zion was a Movement of Marxism Zionism Jewish workers circles founded in various cities of the Russian Empire about the turn of the century after the General Jewish Labor Union rejected Zionism in 1901....
 Movement. Shazar immigrated
Aliyah

Aliyah refers to Jewish immigration to Greater Israel. The opposite action, Jewish emigration from Israel, is referred to as Yerida ....
 to Mandate Palestine in 1924, and became a member of the secretariat of the Histadrut
Histadrut

The Histadrut or HaHistadrut HaKlalit shel HaOvdim B'Eretz Yisrael is the Israeli trade union congress.It was founded in December 1920 in Haifa as a Jewish trade union which would also provide services for members such as an employment exchange, sick pay, and consumer benefits....
.

Shazar also served as the editor-in-chief of the Israeli newspaper Davar
Davar

Davar was a Hebrew language daily newspaper published in the British Mandate of Palestine and Israel from 1925 until May 1996. It was established by Berl Katznelson, who was its editor until his death in 1944....
 from 1944 to 1949. He was elected to the first Knesset
Israeli legislative election, 1949

Elections in Israel for the Constituent Assembly were held in newly-independent Israel on 25 January, 1949. Voter turnout was 85.8%. Two days after its first meeting on 14 February, 1949, legislators voted to change the name of the body to the Knesset ....
 in 1949 as a member of Mapai
Mapai

Mapai was a Left-wing politics List of political parties in Israel in Israel, and was the dominant force in Israeli politics until its merger into the Israeli Labor Party in 1968....
, and was appointed Minister of Education
Education Minister of Israel

This article lists Israeli Ministers of Education since the formation of the Israeli legislative election, 1949 in 1949. The name of the Ministry and the ministerial position associated with it has changed several times;...
 in David Ben-Gurion
David Ben-Gurion

was the first Prime Minister of Israel. Ben-Gurion's passion for Zionism, which began early in life, culminated in his instrumental role in the founding of the state of Israel....
's first government
First government of Israel

The first government of Israel formed by David Ben-Gurion on 8 March, 1949, a month and a half after the elections for the Israeli legislative election, 1949....
. He was not a member of Ben-Gurion's second cabinet
Second government of Israel

The second government of Israel was formed during the Israeli legislative election, 1949. David Ben-Gurion made an attempt to form a minority government consisting of Mapai and Sephardim and Oriental Communities on 17 October, but it was not approved by the Knesset....
, but retained his seat in the 1951
Israeli legislative election, 1951

Elections in Israel for the second Knesset were held in Israel on 30 July, 1951. Voter turnout was 74.3%....
 and 1955 elections
Israeli legislative election, 1955

File:Elect105Ashdod55.jpgElections in Israel for the third Knesset were held in Israel on 26 July, 1955. Voter turnout was 80.7%....
. He also became a member of the Jewish Agency
Jewish Agency for Israel

The Jewish Agency for Israel , also known as the Sochnut or JAFI, served as the pre-state Jewish government before the establishment of Israel and later became the organization in charge of immigration and absorption of Jews from the Diaspora....
 Executive in 1952. He resigned from the Knesset
Knesset

The Knesset is the legislature of Israel, located in Givat Ram, Jerusalem....
 in 1956, and from 1956 to 1960 was acting chairman of the Jewish Agency's Jerusalem Executive.

He was elected president
Israeli presidential election, 1963

An election to choose the third President of Israel was held in the Knesset on 21 May 1963 following the death of the county's second president, Yitzhak Ben-Zvi on 23 April....
 by the Knesset in 1963, and was re-elected in 1968. In 1973 he was succeeded by Ephraim Katzir
Ephraim Katzir

Ephraim Katzir is an Israeli biophysics and former Israeli Labor Party politics. He served as the President of Israel for a five-year term, from 1973 until 1978....
.

His portrait is printed on the 200 NIS
Israeli new sheqel

The Israeli New Sheqel is the currency of Israel. The new sheqel is divided into 100 agorot . Denominations made in this currency are marked with the sheqel sign....
 bills.

In 1969, Shazar sent one of 73 Apollo 11 Goodwill Messages
Apollo 11 Goodwill Messages

The Apollo 11 Goodwill Messages are statements from leaders of 73 countries around the world on a disc about the size of a 50-cent piece made of silicon that was left on the Moon by the Apollo 11 astronauts....
 to NASA
NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an agency of the Federal government of the United States, responsible for the nation's public list of space agencies....
 for the historic first lunar landing. The message still rests on the lunar surface today. It states, "From the President of Israel in Jerusalem with hope for 'abundance of peace so long as the Moon endureth' (Psalms 72,7)."

Bibliography

  • Shazar, Zalman. Morning Stars. The Jewish Publication Society of America: Philadelphia, 5727/1967. Translated from the Hebrew original, KOCHVEI BOKER (Tel Aviv: Am Oved Publishers, 1950; Sevethn ediiton, 1966) by Sulamith Schwartz Nardi. Library of Congress Card Catalog Number: 66-17828.


External links