Herzliya
Encyclopedia
Herzliya is a city in the central coast
Israeli Coastal Plain
The Israeli coastal plain is the narrow coastal plain along Israel's Mediterranean Sea coast which houses 70% of the country's population. The plain extends north to south and is divided into a number of areas; the Plain of Zebulun , Hof HaCarmel , the Sharon plain , and the Plain of Judea The...

 of Israel
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...

, at the western part of the Tel Aviv District
Tel Aviv District
The Tel Aviv District is the smallest and most densely populated of six administrative districts of Israel with a population of 1.2 million residents...

. It has a population of 87,000 residents. Named after Theodor Herzl
Theodor Herzl
Theodor Herzl , born Benjamin Ze’ev Herzl was an Ashkenazi Jew Austro-Hungarian journalist and the father of modern political Zionism and in effect the State of Israel.-Early life:...

, the founder of modern Zionism
Zionism
Zionism is a Jewish political movement that, in its broadest sense, has supported the self-determination of the Jewish people in a sovereign Jewish national homeland. Since the establishment of the State of Israel, the Zionist movement continues primarily to advocate on behalf of the Jewish state...

, Herzliya covers an area of 26 km². At its western municipal boundaries is Herzliya Pituah
Herzliya Pituah
Herzliya Pituach is an affluent beachfront district in western Herzliya, Israel, home to about 10,000 residents.Herzliya Pituach is known for its hotels, restaurants and high-tech industry.-Marina:...

, one of Israel's most affluent districts, home to ambassadors, foreign diplomats and businessmen.

History

Herzliya, named after Theodor Herzl, was founded in 1924 as a semi-cooperative farming community (moshava
Moshava
A moshava , plural: Moshavot is a form of rural settlement in Israel.In a moshava, as opposed to communal settlements like the kibbutz and the moshav, all the land and property are privately-owned. The first moshavot, described as "colonies" in professional literature, were established by...

) with a mixed population of new immigrants and veteran residents. In the 1920s, the father and grandfather of Tal Brody
Tal Brody
Tal Brody is an American-Israeli former basketball player, and current Goodwill Ambassador of Israel, who lives in Israel. Brody was drafted # 12 in the National Basketball Association draft, but chose to pass up an NBA career to instead play basketball in Israel...

 helped build the country's first airfield in Herzliya. After the establishment of the state in 1948, large numbers of immigrants settled there. In 1960, when the population reached 25,000, Herzliya was declared a city.
According to other sources the airfield of Herzliya was built in 1948 war especially for the arrival of the first Messeschmidts airplanes.

Demographics

According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics
Israel Central Bureau of Statistics
The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics , abbreviated CBS, is an Israeli government office established in 1949 to carry out research and publish statistical data on all aspects of Israeli life, including population, society, economy, industry, education and physical infrastructure.It is headed by a...

, residents of Herzliya are among the wealthiest in Israel. In 2003–2005, average monthly salaries were NIS 8,211, or about NIS 1,500 above average in a survey of Israel's 15 largest cities. However, there is a large gap between the city's seven working class neighborhoods, among them Yad Tisha, Neve Yisrael and Neve Amal, and upscale Herzliya Pituah. The population is older than that of other cities in the Sharon region: 18% are under 14 years old, compared to a national average of 27.5%.

Notable residents

  • Maayan Davidovich
    Maayan Davidovich
    -Biography:Davidovich is Jewish, and was her hometown is Herzliya, Israel. She competes with the club Hapoel Tel Aviv.She started sailing at the age of five, and made her international competitive debut in the 1999 Optimist European Championships, in Greece....

     (born 1988), Olympic windsurfer
  • Yaniv Green
    Yaniv Green
    Yaniv Green is an Israeli professional basketball player. Green is a 2.06 m tall forward-center. He currently plays for Bancatercas Teramo and the Israeli national basketball team.-Pro clubs:*Bnei Herzliya...

     (born 1980), basketball player
  • Meir Har-Zion
    Meir Har-Zion
    Meir Har-Zion is a former Israeli military commando.As a key member of Unit 101 he was highly praised by Chief of Staff Moshe Dayan who described him as "the finest of our commando soldiers, the best soldier ever to emerge in the IDF." His three-year military career was ended by injuries sustained...

     (born 1934), military commando
  • Alice Schlesinger
    Alice Schlesinger
    Alice Schlesinger is an Israeli Olympic judoka. She is a former World Judo Championships bronze medalist, and European junior champion.-Biography:...

     (born 1988), Olympic judoka

Education and culture

In a quality of life survey in 2008, Herzliya ranked second highest among Israel's 15 largest cities. Investment in education was higher than all other cities in the survey and more high school students were eligible for a bagrut
Bagrut
Te'udat Bagrut is the official Israeli matriculation certificate. The bagrut is similar to the British A-levels, German Abitur, French Baccalauréat, and Austrian Matura...

 matriculation certificate. The Herzliya Interdisciplinary Center is a private college that offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in government, business administration, law, computer science and other academic disciplines.

Israel's largest television and film studio, Herzliya Studios (Ulpanei Herzliya), is located in Herzliya. The Herzliya Marina was built in the 1970s. The city has a small airport (code: HRZ), three shopping malls (Arena Mall, Seven Stars Mall and the Outlet), movie theaters, museums, cultural centers and a stadium. In 2008, the Herzliya Cinematheque opened in the downtown area of the city.

Local government

In a 2008 survey of 15 Israeli cities, Herzliya ranked second in fiscal management. The Herzliya municipality ended 2006 with a sizeable budget surplus.

Mayors

  • Avraham Raphael Hirsch, 1937–38
  • Shimon ("Poppy") Levin, 1938–43
  • Ben Zion Michaeli, 1943–60
  • Pesah Yifher, 1960–66
  • Interim council led by Natan Rosenthal, 1966–67
  • Yosef Nevo, 1969–83
  • Eli Landau, 1983–98 (Likud
    Likud
    Likud is the major center-right political party in Israel. It was founded in 1973 by Menachem Begin in an alliance with several right-wing and liberal parties. Likud's victory in the 1977 elections was a major turning point in the country's political history, marking the first time the left had...

    )
  • Yael German
    Yael German
    Yael German is the current mayor of Herzliya, Israel since 1998. German is the first female mayor in Herzliya and one of the few women who have served as mayors of Israeli cities.Yael German has a bachelor's degree in general history from Tel Aviv University...

    , 1998–present (Meretz)


Sports

The city has two football clubs, Maccabi Herzliya and Hapoel Herzliya
Hapoel Herzliya F.C.
Hapoel Herzliya is an Israeli football club based in Herzliya. The club is currently in Liga Leumit and play their home matches at the Herzliya Municipal Stadium.-History:...

, both of which are based at the 7,100-capacity Herzliya Municipal Stadium. Both teams currently play in Liga Leumit
Liga Leumit
Liga Leumit is the second tier in the Israeli football league system below the Premier League.-Structure:There are 16 clubs in the league. At the end of each season, the lowest-placed team are relegated to Liga Alef while the highest-placed team from Liga Alef are promoted in their place...

. The Bnei HaSharon
Bnei HaSharon
Bnei HaSharon/Herzliya is a professional basketball club based in Herzliya, in central Israel. The club currently plays in Ligat HaAl, the top division of Israeli basketball.The club was created by the merge of Maccabi Ra'anana and Bnei Herzliya in 2002...

 basketball
Basketball
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams of five players try to score points by throwing or "shooting" a ball through the top of a basketball hoop while following a set of rules...

 club plays its games in Herzliya and Ra'anana
Ra'anana
Ra'anana is a city in the heart of the southern Sharon Plain of the Central District of Israel with a population of 68,300, . Ra'anana is bordered by Kfar Sava on the east and Herzliya on the southwest...

 (the club was formed by a merger of the Herzliya and Ra'anana teams). Herzliya is also one of the centres of rugby union in Israel
Rugby union in Israel
Rugby union is a growing sport in Israel, with a history going back over seventy years and is most popular amongst people of South African origin.-Governing body:The Israel Rugby Union was founded in 1971, and joined the IRB in 1988...

.

Landmarks

One of the founders' homes has been turned into a museum documenting the history of Herzliya. The Herzliya Museum of Art is part of the Yad Labanim memorial complex. West of Herzliya is Sidna Ali
Sidna Ali Mosque
The Sidna Ali Mosque is a Muslim place of worship located in the depopulated village of Al-Haram on the beach in the northern part of Herzliya in Israel.-History:...

, a Muslim holy site. To the northwest is Tel Arsaf (Arsuf)
Arsuf
Arsuf also known as Arsur or Apollonia, was an ancient city and fortress located in Israel, about 15 kilometres north of modern Tel Aviv, on a cliff above the Mediterranean Sea. The city site, Tel Arsuf, was intensively excavated from 1994...

 and the Apollonia National Park. Inhabited from the Persian period (2500 years ago) until the Crusader
The Crusaders
The Crusaders are an American music group popular in the early 1970s known for their amalgamated jazz, pop and soul sound. Since 1961, more than forty albums have been credited to the group , 19 of which were recorded under the name "The Jazz Crusaders" .-History:In 1960, following the demise of a...

 period, the site contains the remains of the Crusader town of Arsuf
Arsuf
Arsuf also known as Arsur or Apollonia, was an ancient city and fortress located in Israel, about 15 kilometres north of modern Tel Aviv, on a cliff above the Mediterranean Sea. The city site, Tel Arsuf, was intensively excavated from 1994...

, including a fortress surrounded by a moat.

Herzliya Conference

Since its inception in 2000, the Herzliya Conference has become an annual summit of the most influential Israeli and international leaders. The conference is attended by government ministers, Knesset members, senior defense officials, leaders of the Israeli business community, senior academicians, media representatives from Israel and abroad, delegates of world Jewish organizations, foreign dignitaries and Israeli diplomats.

Herzliya Pituah

Some of Israel's most expensive homes and finest beaches are located in Herzliya Pituah, a neighborhood on the western side of Herzliya. Herzliya Pituach is a sought-after venue for high-tech companies, and its marina, many restaurants and entertainment spots have turned this part of Herzliya into a vibrant hub of Israeli nightlife.

Twin towns - Sister cities

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Alicante or Alacant is a city in Spain, the capital of the province of Alicante and of the comarca of Alacantí, in the south of the Valencian Community. It is also a historic Mediterranean port. The population of the city of Alicante proper was 334,418, estimated , ranking as the second-largest...

, Spain
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Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...

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, Slovakia
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The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...

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, USA  Bursa, Turkey
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, Ohio
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, Ukraine
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 San Bernardino, California
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, USA Funchal
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, Portugal
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Marl, Germany
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 San Isidro
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, Argentina
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 Yangzhou
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, People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...



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