Allama I. I. Kazi
Encyclopedia
Allama Imdad Ali Imam Ali Kazi (b.1886 - d.1968), was a scholar, philosopher, jurist
Jurist
A jurist or jurisconsult is a professional who studies, develops, applies, or otherwise deals with the law. The term is widely used in American English, but in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth countries it has only historical and specialist usage...

, and educationist. He is considered to be a founder of the University of Sindh
University of Sindh
The University of Sindh informally known as Sindh University is the second oldest university in Pakistan accredited by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan....

 at its present location at Jamshoro
Jamshoro
Jamshoro is a city in Jamshoro District, Sindh, Pakistan. It is located on the right bank of Indus River, approximately 18 kilometres north-west of the city of Hyderabad and 150 kilometres north-east from the provincial capital Karachi....

. Many remarkable works for Sindhi
Sindhi people
Sindhis are a Sindhi speaking socio-ethnic group of people originating from Sindh, a province Formerly of British India, now in Pakistan. Today Sindhis that live in Pakistan belong to various religious denominations including Islam, Zoroastrianism, Hinduism, Sikhism and Christianity...

 Art
Art
Art is the product or process of deliberately arranging items in a way that influences and affects one or more of the senses, emotions, and intellect....

, literature
Literature
Literature is the art of written works, and is not bound to published sources...

, mysticism
Mysticism
Mysticism is the knowledge of, and especially the personal experience of, states of consciousness, i.e. levels of being, beyond normal human perception, including experience and even communion with a supreme being.-Classical origins:...

, education
Education
Education in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people lives on from one generation to the next. Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts...

 and history
History
History is the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about past events. History can also mean the period of time after writing was invented. Scholars who write about history are called historians...

 are attributed to him. He was a prolific writer, and along with his wife Elsa, he wrote a book on comparative religion, "The Adventures of the Brown Girl in her Search for God", which was published by Arthur H Stockwell Ltd., England, in 1933 . The couple has also done extraordinary work on the translation of the verses of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai
Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai
Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai was a Sindhi Sufi scholar, mystic, saint, poet, and musician. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest poets of the Sindhi language...

.. The collection of his speeches and articles are highly intellectual and analytical.

Education and Early Life

Allama Kazi was the second son of the second wife of Kazi Imam Ali Ansari, the District Magistrate of Hyderabad, and was born on April 18, 1886, at Hyderabad
Hyderabad, Sindh
is the second largest city in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is the seventh largest city in the country. The city was founded in 1768 by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro upon the ruins of a Mauryan fishing village along the bank of the Indus known as Neroon Kot...

. His family was originally from Paat
Paat
Paat, also known as Pat or Goth Pat, is a small town in the Dadu District of Sindh, Pakistan. It is located at 20°28'0N 48°68'0E with an altitude of...

 of Dadu District
Dadu District
Dadu is a district of Sindh Province, Pakistan.Dadu district was created in 1933 by the British Indian administration by merging Kotri and Kohistan tehsils from Karachi district and Mehar, Khairpur Nathan Shah, Dadu, Johi and Sehwan tehsils from Larkana district. The population of the district is...

. He got his early education from Mian Abdul Aziz. Then he joined a school and passed Sindhi
Sindhi language
Sindhi is the language of the Sindh region of Pakistan that is spoken by the Sindhi people. In India, it is among 22 constitutionally recognized languages, where Sindhis are a sizeable minority. It is spoken by 53,410,910 people in Pakistan, according to the national government's Statistics Division...

 vernacular final examination in 1904. He took admission in higher school and passed the exam of Matriculation
Matriculation
Matriculation, in the broadest sense, means to be registered or added to a list, from the Latin matricula – little list. In Scottish heraldry, for instance, a matriculation is a registration of armorial bearings...

 in 1905. He went abroad for higher education, where he studied Economics
Economics
Economics is the social science that analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term economics comes from the Ancient Greek from + , hence "rules of the house"...

 and Psychology
Psychology
Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior. Its immediate goal is to understand individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases. For many, the ultimate goal of psychology is to benefit society...

, from London School of Economics
London School of Economics
The London School of Economics and Political Science is a public research university specialised in the social sciences located in London, United Kingdom, and a constituent college of the federal University of London...

 and King's College
King's College London
King's College London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom and a constituent college of the federal University of London. King's has a claim to being the third oldest university in England, having been founded by King George IV and the Duke of Wellington in 1829, and...

, respectively. He was taught philosophy by Dr. Arnold. He left for London in 1907, where he married a German
Germans
The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....

 woman, Elsa Kazi
Elsa Kazi
Elsa Kazi , commonly known as "Mother Elsa", was a German writer of one-act plays, short stories, novels and history, and one of the greatest poetesses of her time. She was also a composer and a musician of considerable achievement, involved in virtually every conspicuous branch of fine arts. Her...

, in 1910. Elsa (Gertrude Loesch) was the daughter of a famous German
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

 composer, who was a disciple of Mozart. She was a philosopher, writer and poet. Allama Kazi was called to the Bar in 1911, after which he returned home with his bride to a royal welcome by his parents. Subsequently, they left for London the next year and remained there until The First World War was over. Returning to India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

 in 1919, Allama Sahib had to cope with the death of his father and searched for a suitable appointment.

Practical life

The British offered the young Barrister
Barrister
A barrister is a member of one of the two classes of lawyer found in many common law jurisdictions with split legal professions. Barristers specialise in courtroom advocacy, drafting legal pleadings and giving expert legal opinions...

 the post of Civil Judge of Tando Mohammad Khan. He was later sent as District and Sessions Judge Khairpur
Khairpur
Khairpur is the twelfth largest city in the province of Sindh in southeast Pakistan. It was founded in 1783 by Mir Sohrab Khan, who established the Khairpur branch of the Talpur clan. The settlement was selected as the seat of the Mirs of northern Sindh. It is the capital of the modern Khairpur...

. He was appointed Home Member of the State also, but not happy with the British policy towards the States, he left Khairpur and took up the post of Public Prosecutor Tharparkar
Tharparkar
Tharparkar is one of twenty three districts of Sindh province in Pakistan. Its headquarter is Mithi. It is the only fertile desert in the world. The District derives its names from Thar and Parker...

. He proceeded on leave and resigned that post too from London in 1931. The couple returned to India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

 in 1935 at the persistent requests of His Highness the Mir of Khairpur. The Anjuman Tabligh Islam nominated him as their President but upset over the quarrelling amongst the Ulema or religious scholars, the couple left again for England in October 1935. After returning home in 1938, Allama Sahib regularly delivered Friday prayer sermons at Sir Leslie Wilson Muslim Hostel, now known as Jinnah Courts opposite the D. J. Science College
D. J. Science College
D. J. Science College is an educational institute located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.- History :Inaugurated as Sindh Arts College by Lord Reay, Governor of Bombay, on January 17, 1882, the college was renamed D. J. Science College upon completion of the present structure in 1887...

Karachi
Karachi
Karachi is the largest city, main seaport and the main financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 18 million...

. Amongst his listeners were students who later rose to be government ministers, judges of the superior judiciary, renowned scholars and civil servants. Incidentally, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Maulana Abul Kalam Muhiyuddin Ahmed was an Indian Muslim scholar and a senior political leader of the Indian independence movement, who lived from 11 November 1888 – 22 February 1958. He was one of the most prominent Muslim leaders to support Hindu-Muslim unity, opposing the partition of India on...

 also attended some of his sermons.
In an effort to earn his livelihood or Rizq-i-Halal, Allama Sahib experimented with a poultry farm and a dairy farm but both failed. The British Government meanwhile entrusted to his care wards from jagirdar or major land-owning families such as Akbar Bugti and some others who had the good fortune of receiving schooling and training directly from Allama Sahib.

Allama Sahib left for England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...

 in 1947 but returned to take up the job of Vice Chancellor of the University of Sindh
University of Sindh
The University of Sindh informally known as Sindh University is the second oldest university in Pakistan accredited by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan....

 in 1951. Till that time the university, which had been in existence since April 1947 was serving as an examining body only. Upon the appointment of Prof. A B A Haleem as Vice Chancellor of the Karachi University, Allama Sahib was requested to take over the Sindh University. He accepted the position more in his keenness to disseminate education in Sindh, and went about his work with great zeal. At that time only five colleges and thirty-four high schools were affiliated with University of Sindh
University of Sindh
The University of Sindh informally known as Sindh University is the second oldest university in Pakistan accredited by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan....

. Karachi
Karachi
Karachi is the largest city, main seaport and the main financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 18 million...

 having become the Capital territory, the headquarters of Sindh were shifted to Hyderabad. Very soon the university was converted into a full-fledged centre for higher education that was awarding Masters and Doctoral degrees in its various faculties and disciplines. The first teaching faculty of Education started working as early as September 1951. Within four years, the grant of the University was increased from Rs. 100,000 to Rs. 500,000 upon Allama Sahib’s insistence with the then Governor, Justice Din Muhammad in 1955. Allama Sahib continued his practice of Friday sermons to the staff and students of his beloved university. He conducted the utmost economy where university funds were involved, donated half his salary to the institution and induced other teachers to follow suit. Instead of a car, he engaged a victoria cart for his conveyance and often went to England at personal expense to buy the apparatus and equipment for the Sindh University.

Mr. Kazi was also a stickler for all matters concerning protocol. Those were the days when true educationists were assigned the task of heading institutions, and Vice-Chancellors were not hired or fired to suit the personal whims of provincial education secretaries. At some time after the creation of One Unit in 1955, whereby all provinces in the present Pakistan were lumped into a single province, the then Governor of West Pakistan Nawab Mushtaq Ahmed Gurmani
Mushtaq Ahmed Gurmani
Mushtaque Ahmed Gurmani was a Pakistani politician. In his role as Minister without Portfolio he signed the Karachi Agreement of 1949 that established a ceasefire line between Pakistani and Indian areas of Kashmir, which later become known as the Line of Control...

 was visiting Hyderabad and all high officials were requested to meet him at Circuit House. On reaching Circuit House, Allama Sahib found that there were no individual interviews arranged with the Governor, so he came back. On receiving the news, Nawab Sahib completed his work for the day and drove to 37 Civil Lines where Mr. Kazi resided. On reaching there the servant told him that Mr. Kazi rested from 2 p.m. onwards and could not be disturbed. Nawab Sahib therefore went back and returned at 5 p.m. for a chat with Allama Sahib. Later when the Senate was considering the extension of Allama Sahib’s tenure, Allama Sahib left the Hall. Nawab Gurmani immensely praised the Vice-Chancellor and there was an overwhelming vote for his extension. Several books and articles and have been written on him and rich tributes are paid to him on his death anniversary every year. The renowned German scholar Dr Annemarie Schimmel
Annemarie Schimmel
Annemarie Schimmel, SI, HI, was a well known and very influential German Orientalist and scholar, who wrote extensively on Islam and Sufism. She was a professor at Harvard University from 1967 to 1992.-Early life:...

 had fond memories concerning Allama I I Kazi, whom she termed as the "foremost intellectual of Sindh".

Retirement

After the imposition of the first Martial Law
Martial law
Martial law is the imposition of military rule by military authorities over designated regions on an emergency basis— only temporary—when the civilian government or civilian authorities fail to function effectively , when there are extensive riots and protests, or when the disobedience of the law...

 in the country in October 1958, certain Army officers came to the Registrar and made certain inquiries of him. On receiving the report of this external interference in university affairs, Allama Sahib promptly tendered his resignation on 25 May 1959 and never took up a government assignment again. As Vice-Chancellor of Sindh University, Allama Sahib took only that much salary that sufficed for his necessary expenses, and after retirement he effected further economy in his day-to-day expenses. Once Mrs. A. K. Brohi presented Mrs. Elsa Kazi
Elsa Kazi
Elsa Kazi , commonly known as "Mother Elsa", was a German writer of one-act plays, short stories, novels and history, and one of the greatest poetesses of her time. She was also a composer and a musician of considerable achievement, involved in virtually every conspicuous branch of fine arts. Her...

 with a jewelry set on the occasion of her daughter’s wedding. Mother Elsa, as she was popularly called, went red in the face and expressed that she had never worn such jewelry, and told Mrs. Brohi that even after years of association she had failed to understand her. At this point, Allama Sahib asked her to accept the gift without further argument. The next day Mr. (later Justice) Hamza Khan M. Kureshi visited Mr. Brohi and returned the jewelry set to him with a message from Allama Sahib: “Do you want that after our death any gold or jewelry should be found in our belongings? Can we bear such a thing to happen?”

Mrs. Elsa Kazi died on 28 May 1967 after a brief but painful fight against a kidney problem. Left all alone, Allama Sahib was completely heart-broken and would join her within the year. At a convocation of the University of Sindh
University of Sindh
The University of Sindh informally known as Sindh University is the second oldest university in Pakistan accredited by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan....

 around this time, Allama I. I. Kazi was conferred with the degree of Doctorate of Laws honoris causa. The other recipient who received the same degree in the same convocation was the late Mr. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. Both the recipients delivered brilliant speeches on the occasion, making it the finest hour of the university. Towards his end, Allama Sahib would pray to God like Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai
Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai
Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai was a Sindhi Sufi scholar, mystic, saint, poet, and musician. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest poets of the Sindhi language...

: “On what account am I still in this world when I should revert to my Creator?” He expressed his sentiments thus: “When you have no need of life you will go smiling out saying like Jami
Jami
Nur ad-Dīn Abd ar-Rahmān Jāmī also known as DJāmī, Mawlanā Nūr al-Dīn 'Abd al-Rahmān or Abd-Al-Rahmān Nur-Al-Din Muhammad Dashti who is commonly known as Jami , is known for his achievements as a scholar, mystic, writer, composer of numerous lyrics and idylls, historian, and one of the greatest...

, Hafez
Hafez
Khwāja Shamsu d-Dīn Muhammad Hāfez-e Shīrāzī , known by his pen name Hāfez , was a Persian lyric poet. His collected works composed of series of Persian poetry are to be found in the homes of most Iranians, who learn his poems by heart and use them as proverbs and sayings to this day...

 and other great poets that I have known that my home was not here. I am going home where I shall live. I am a bird of some other world thrown in this cage. The sooner I go out the better. They have all said that when we have done our task, why need we be here?”

Death

On the night between April 12–13, 1968, Allama Sahib was engaged in a long prayer followed by contemplation. By the early morning time, he had a vision in which he perceived the Creator. He woke up and recorded his experience, as evidenced by his last jottings. After lunch on 13 April 1968, Allama Kazi retired for a while, and then asked his servant to get any conveyance that he could. Not finding a taxi, the servant brought a motor rickshaw. This was the first time Allama Sahib had ever sat in a rickshaw but he did not complain. He told him to take him to One Tree Bunder, a bank off the river Indus, which was his favorite spot since a long time. On reaching the bank, Allama Sahib reached the embankment slope opposite the banyan tree. He took of his hat and tried to descend down the slope. His foot slipped and he fell on the stones and rolled down up to the water’s edge, killing him. Not a drop of water had entered his stomach or even touched his mouth. Thus ended the life of one of the greatest persons produced by British India.

Incidentally, the then President of India Dr Zakir Hussain
Zakir Hussain (politician)
Dr. Zakir Hussain , was the third President of India from 13 May 1967 until his death on 3 May 1969. He was the first elected Muslim president of India....

 was a great admirer of Allama Sahib. Before President Ayub Khan’s condolence message could be broadcast on Radio Pakistan, in which he directed the Commissioner Hyderabad
Hyderabad, Sindh
is the second largest city in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is the seventh largest city in the country. The city was founded in 1768 by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro upon the ruins of a Mauryan fishing village along the bank of the Indus known as Neroon Kot...

 to convey his condolences to the bereaved family, All India Radio
All India Radio
All India Radio , officially known since 1956 as Akashvani , is the radio broadcaster of India and a division of Prasar Bharati. Established in 1936, it is the sister service of Prasar Bharati's Doordarshan, the national television broadcaster. All India Radio is one of the largest radio networks...

 broke the news with condolences from President Zakir Hussain
Zakir Hussain (politician)
Dr. Zakir Hussain , was the third President of India from 13 May 1967 until his death on 3 May 1969. He was the first elected Muslim president of India....

. It was only left for the people across both sides of the border to mourn the great loss.

See also

  • Elsa Kazi
    Elsa Kazi
    Elsa Kazi , commonly known as "Mother Elsa", was a German writer of one-act plays, short stories, novels and history, and one of the greatest poetesses of her time. She was also a composer and a musician of considerable achievement, involved in virtually every conspicuous branch of fine arts. Her...

  • A G N Kazi
    A G N Kazi
    Aftab Ghulam Nabi Kazi SPk, SK, was a Pakistani statesman during the Cold war and during the post cold war. Kazi was born in Sindh, Bombay Presidency in 1919 to an educationist family of academic class. Kazi started his career in Indian Civil Service in 1944 and served as the Deputy Commissioner...

  • Khan Bahadur Ghulam Nabi Kazi
    Khan Bahadur Ghulam Nabi Kazi
    Khan Bahadur Ghulam Nabi Kazi MBE was a veteran educationist of Sind and rose to the position of the first Director of Public Instruction Sindh after remaining Educational Inspector Sindh in the Bombay Presidency....

  • Dr Ali Ahmed S Kazi
    Dr Ali Ahmed S Kazi
    Dr Ali Ahmed S Kazi was one of the few physicians when Sindh was created as a province in British India in 1936.-Family:He was born in 1896 and was a nephew of the great intellectual Allama I. I. Kazi and his illustrious wife Elsa Kazi. His father, Sharafuddin Kazi died when he was still quite...

  • Ahmed Hussain A. Kazi
    Ahmed Hussain A. Kazi
    Ahmed Hussain A. Kazi, born:August 15, 1920—7 January 2007), Tamgha-i-Pakistan, was a senior advocate and civil servant of Pakistan and a close industrial policy adviser to the Government of Pakistan on internal revenue, economic and industrialization policies during the seventies.-Family and...

  • Bashir Ghulam Nabi Kazi
    Bashir Ghulam Nabi Kazi
    Justice Bashir Ahmed Ghulam Nabi Kazi better known as Justice B G N Kazi was the younger son of Khan Bahadur Ghulam Nabi Kazi MBE a veteran educationist of British India, and a renowned jurist of Pakistan.-Family:...

  • Mushtak Ali Kazi
    Mushtak Ali Kazi
    Justice Mushtak Ali Kazi , was a renowned jurist and writer of Pakistan and Judge of High Court of Sindh .-Birth and Family:Kazi was born in Sindh then part of the Bombay Presidency of British India on 21 December 1917. He was a distinguished alumnus of the University of Bombay...

  • A K Brohi
  • Nabi Bux Khan Baloch
  • Mutawakkil Kazi
    Mutawakkil Kazi
    Dr Mutawakkil Kazi, was a noted civil servant and economist of Pakistan.-Family and Early Life:Kazi was born in Karachi, British India in 1944. His paternal grandfather Ali Mohammad Kazi was in the Indian Police and became District Superintendent, a post not normally assigned to Indians. He...

  • Ghulam Nabi Kazi
    Ghulam Nabi Kazi
    Dr Ghulam Nabi Kazi Urdu:ڈاکٹر غلام نبی قاضی is a prominent public health scientist and health economist of Pakistan, who has been working for the World Health Organization since eleven years.-Early Life and Family:...

  • University of Sindh
    University of Sindh
    The University of Sindh informally known as Sindh University is the second oldest university in Pakistan accredited by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan....

  • Casual peeps at Sophia
    Casual peeps at Sophia
    Casual peeps at Sophia is a collection of Essays and Addresses by Allama I I Kazi.The subjects dealt within these essays and addresses cover wide range of human thought embracing,as they do, Philosophy, Religion, History, Poetry, Art and Literary criticism....

  • List of Sindhi people
  • Shah Jo Risalo
    Shah Jo Risalo
    Shah Jo Risalo is the name of the compiled verses of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai. Many scholars and linguists have published Shah Jo Risalo with their own compilations, hence many editions are available...

  • Institute of Sindhology
    Institute of Sindhology
    Institute of Sindhology is one of the major resource on history of Sindh. It was the first research institution of its discipline that brought Sindhology to the forefront of international research. Sindhology is referred to as the knowledge about Sindh...

  • COMSTECH
    COMSTECH
    COMSTECH is an abbreviation for the OIC's Standing Committee on Scientific and Technological Cooperation for the promotion and cooperation of science and technology activities among the OIC member states. The coordinator general of the Committee is Prof Ata ur Rahman.Department of Public Relations,...

  • Hyderabad, Sindh
    Hyderabad, Sindh
    is the second largest city in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is the seventh largest city in the country. The city was founded in 1768 by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro upon the ruins of a Mauryan fishing village along the bank of the Indus known as Neroon Kot...

  • Sindhi literature
    Sindhi literature
    Sindhi literature is very rich and is generally considered to be among the world's oldest. Its writers have contributed extensively in various forms of literature both in poetry and prose.- Sufi literature and poetry :...

  • Sindh
    Sindh
    Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...

  • Paat
    Paat
    Paat, also known as Pat or Goth Pat, is a small town in the Dadu District of Sindh, Pakistan. It is located at 20°28'0N 48°68'0E with an altitude of...

  • Ansari
    Ansari
    Ansari may refer to:* Ansari , list of people with this surname* Khwaja Abdullah Ansari , Persian Muslim scholar and Sufi* Momin Ansari, a Muslim ethnic group found in South Asia* Ansari, an alternate term for Alawis...

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