See Also

Sindhi language

Sindhi is the language of the Sindh Sindh

Sindh is one of the four provinces [i] of Pakistan [i] and is home to the Sindhis [i] ... 

 region of South Asia South Asia

South Asia, also Southern Asia, is a south [i]ern geopolitical [i] region [i] of the Asia [i] ... 

, which is now a province of Pakistan Pakistan

[i] located in [[South Asia]... 

. It is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by approximately 18.5 million people in Pakistan Pakistan

[i] located in [[South Asia]... 

, and 2.8 million in India India

India , officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia [i]. ... 

; it is also a recognised official language in both of these countries. Although the language is predominantly Indo-Aryan, it also shows up signs of Dravidian influence, making it unique in its importance and identity. Most Sindhi speakers in Pakistan Pakistan

[i] located in [[South Asia]... 

 are concentrated in Sindh Sindh

Sindh is one of the four provinces [i] of Pakistan [i] and is home to the Sindhis [i] ... 

. The remaining speakers are found spread throughout the many areas of the world to which members of an ethnic group migrated when Sindh Sindh

Sindh is one of the four provinces [i] of Pakistan [i] and is home to the Sindhis [i] ... 

 became a part of Pakistan Pakistan

[i] located in [[South Asia]... 

 during the partition Partition of India

The partition of India refers to the creation on 15th August 1947 of two sovereign states of India [i] a ... 

 of British India British Raj

The British Raj refers to the British rule of the Indian subcontinent [i], or present-day India [i], Bangladesh [i] ... 

 in 1947.

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Encyclopedia

Sindhi is the language of the Sindh Sindh

Sindh is one of the four provinces [i] of Pakistan [i] and is home to the Sindhis [i] ... 

 region of South Asia South Asia

South Asia, also Southern Asia, is a south [i]ern geopolitical [i] region [i] of the Asia [i] ... 

, which is now a province of Pakistan Pakistan

[i] located in [[South Asia]... 

. It is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by approximately 18.5 million people in Pakistan Pakistan

[i] located in [[South Asia]... 

, and 2.8 million in India India

India , officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia [i]. ... 

; it is also a recognised official language in both of these countries. Although the language is predominantly Indo-Aryan, it also shows up signs of Dravidian influence, making it unique in its importance and identity. Most Sindhi speakers in Pakistan Pakistan

[i] located in [[South Asia]... 

 are concentrated in Sindh Sindh

Sindh is one of the four provinces [i] of Pakistan [i] and is home to the Sindhis [i] ... 

. The remaining speakers are found spread throughout the many areas of the world to which members of an ethnic group migrated when Sindh Sindh

Sindh is one of the four provinces [i] of Pakistan [i] and is home to the Sindhis [i] ... 

 became a part of Pakistan Pakistan

[i] located in [[South Asia]... 

 during the partition Partition of India

The partition of India refers to the creation on 15th August 1947 of two sovereign states of India [i] a ... 

 of British India British Raj

The British Raj refers to the British rule of the Indian subcontinent [i], or present-day India [i], Bangladesh [i] ... 

 in 1947. The language is written using the modified Arabic Arabic language

The Arabic language , or simply Arabic , is the largest member of the Semitic [i] branch of the Afro-Asiatic [i] ... 

 script. In 1948, the Government of India implemented the Devanagari Devanagari

Devanagari is an abugida [i] writing system [i] used to write [i], either along with other scri... 

 script for Sindhi that did not get wide acceptance.

Geographical distribution

Sindhi is taught as a first language in the schools of south-east Pakistan.In India especially in the Maharashtra State many educational institutions managed by Sindhi community and in the schools of such society Sindhi is taught either as the medium of instruction or as a subject.[Details: www.thesindhuworld.com ] Sindhi language has a vast vocabulary; this has made it a favourite of many writers and so a lot of literature and poetry has been written in Sindhi. Dialects of Sindhi are spoken in southern Punjab Punjab

Punjab may refer to:
  • Punjab region [i], an area of South Asia shared by India and Pakistan

... 

, Balochistan, Northwest province of Pakistan , and also Gujarat Gujarat

Gujarat is the most industrialized state [i] in the Republic of India [i] ... 

 as well as Rajasthan Rajasthan

Rajasthan is the largest state [i] of the Republic of India [i] in ter ... 

 in India.

History

Sindhi was a very popular literary language around the 14th 14th century

As a means of recording the passage of time [i], the 14th century was that century [i] which lasted from ... 

-18th 18th century

As a means of recording the passage of time [i], the 18th century refers to the century [i] that las ... 

 centuries. This is when sufi Sufism

Sufism or Irfan is a mystic [i] tradition [i] of Islam [i].
... 

s such as Shah Abdul Latif  narrated their theosophical Theosophy

Theosophy, literally "knowledge of the divine", is a body of ideas which holds that all religion [i]s ar ... 

 poetry depicting the relationship between humans and God.

The Qur'an Qur'an

The Qur'an , is the central religious text [i] of Islam [i]. ... 

 was first translated into Sindhi in rhymatic format. This was the first ever translation of Qur'an in the 12th century 12th century

As a means of recording the passage of time [i], the 12th century was that century [i] which lasted from ... 

 or earlier.

Sounds

Sindhi has a large sound inventory. It has 46 distinctive consonant phonemes and a further 16 vowel Vowel

In phonetics [i], a vowel is a sound [i] in spoken language [i] that is characterized by an open configu ... 

s. All plosives, affricates, nasals, the retroflex flap and the lateral approximant Lateral consonant

Laterals are "L"-like consonant [i]s pronounced with an occlusion made somewhere along the axis of the t ... 

 /l/ have aspirated or breathy voiced counterparts. The language also features four separate implosives.

Consonants

Bilabial Bilabial consonant

In phonetics [i], a bilabial consonant is a consonant [i] articulated with both lip [i]s.... 

Labiodental Labiodental consonant

In phonetics [i], labiodentals are consonants [i] articulated with the lower lip and the upper... 

Dental Alveolar Post-
alveolar
Palatal Palatal consonant

Palatal consonants are consonant [i]s articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate [i] ... 

Velar Velar consonant

Velars are consonant [i]s articulated with the back part of the tongue
... 

Glottal Vocal folds

The vocal folds, also known popularly as vocal cords, are composed of twin infoldings of mucous membrane [i] ... 

Plosives p
ph
b
b?
  t
th
d
d?
  ?
?h
?
??
  k
kh
g
g?
 
Implosives  ?    ?   ?  ? 
Affricates      c
ch
?
??
  
Nasals m
m?
   n
n?
?
??
? ? 
Fricatives  f   s z ?   x ? h 
Taps and flaps Flap consonant

In phonetics [i], a flap or tap is a type of consonant [i]al sound, which is produced with a singl... 

    r ?
??
   
Approximants  ?    j  
Lateral
approximants
   l
l?
     


The phoneme is usually pronounced as an alveolar tap, , though occasionally reminiscent of a trill with two or more contacts. The affricates are pronounced with a relatively short release and corresponding plosives symbols have therefore been used. can be realized as either or with free variation.

Vowels


Writing system


Arabic

In Pakistan Pakistan

[i] located in [[South Asia]... 

, Sindhi is written in a variant of the Arabic Arabic alphabet

The Arabic alphabet is the script [i] used for writing Arabic [i] and var... 

 script, which was adopted under the encouragement of the British when Sindh fell to them in the 19th century. It has a total of 52 letters, accommodating the additional sounds peculiar to Indo-Aryan languages. Some letters that are distinguished in Arabic are pronounced identically in Sindhi.
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
*
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
  ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ?
* *

Devanagari

In India India

India , officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia [i]. ... 

, the Devanagari Devanagari

Devanagari is an abugida [i] writing system [i] used to write [i], either along with other scri... 

 script is also used besides standard Sindhi-Arabic script. Diacritical Diacritics

diacritics is an academic journal [i] founded in 1971 [i] at Cornell University [i]. ... 

 bars below the letter are used to mark implosive consonants, and dots called nukta are used to form other additional consonants.
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ?? ? ? ?? ? ?
  
? ? ? ? ?? ? ?
   
? ? ? ? ?? ? ?? ?
  
? ? ? ? ?
   
? ? ?? ? ? ? ?
  
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
? 

See also

Sindhi Education Societies [ http://www.thesindhuworld.com ]
  • Languages of India
  • List of national languages of India
  • List of Indian languages by total speakers


References

  • International Phonetic Association Handbook of the International Phonetic Association ISBN 0-521-63751-1
  • with Devanagari equivalents