A G N Kazi
Encyclopedia
Aftab Ghulam Nabi Kazi SPk, SK, was a Pakistani statesman
Statesman
A statesman is usually a politician or other notable public figure who has had a long and respected career in politics or government at the national and international level. As a term of respect, it is usually left to supporters or commentators to use the term...

 during the Cold war
Cold War
The Cold War was the continuing state from roughly 1946 to 1991 of political conflict, military tension, proxy wars, and economic competition between the Communist World—primarily the Soviet Union and its satellite states and allies—and the powers of the Western world, primarily the United States...

 and during the post cold war
History of post-Soviet Russia
With the dissolution of the Soviet Union on 29 May 1991, the Russian Federation became an independent country.Russia was the largest of the fifteen republics that made up the Soviet Union, accounting for over 60% of the gross domestic product and over 50% of the Soviet population. Russians also...

. Kazi was born in Sindh
Sindh
Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...

, Bombay Presidency
Bombay Presidency
The Bombay Presidency was a province of British India. It was established in the 17th century as a trading post for the English East India Company, but later grew to encompass much of western and central India, as well as parts of post-partition Pakistan and the Arabian Peninsula.At its greatest...

 in 1919 to an educationist family of academic class. Kazi started his career in Indian Civil Service in 1944 and served as the Deputy Commissioner
Deputy Commissioner
A deputy commissioner is a police or administrative official in many different countries.-Australia:In all Australian police forces, deputy commissioner is the rank directly below that of commissioner and senior to the rank of assistant commissioner except in the New South Wales Police Force, where...

 of Bihar
Bihar
Bihar is a state in eastern India. It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at and 3rd largest by population. Almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, which is the highest proportion in India....

 and Orissa
Orissa
Orissa , officially Odisha since Nov 2011, is a state of India, located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. It is the modern name of the ancient nation of Kalinga, which was invaded by the Maurya Emperor Ashoka in 261 BC. The modern state of Orissa was established on 1 April...

. After creation of Pakistan and Indian partition
Partition of India
The Partition of India was the partition of British India on the basis of religious demographics that led to the creation of the sovereign states of the Dominion of Pakistan and the Union of India on 14 and 15...

, Kazi migrated to Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...

 and joined Provincial Government
Government of Sindh
Government of Sindh is based in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. سندھ is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and is home to the Sindhis, Muhajirs, Pashtuns and a whole array of other ethnic and linguistic groups. Neighbouring regions are Balochistan to the west and north, Punjab in the north and...

 of Sindh, and held vital positions such as Secretary of Finance and Secretary to Governor.

During the early sixties, he was Economic Minister in the Pakistan Embassy to the USA. After a brief stint as Additional Chief Secretary of West Pakistan, he was appointed Chairman of Water and Power Development Authority
Water and Power Development Authority
The Water and Power Development Authority is a government-owned public utility maintaining power and water in Pakistan, although it does not manage thermal power. WAPDA includes Tarbela and Mangla dams among its resources...

. In the latter assignment, he was responsible for the completion of the Mangla Dam Project
Mangla Dam
The Mangla Dam is located on the Jhelum River in the Mirpur District of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. It is the sixteenth largest dam in the world. It was built from 1961 to 1967 with funding from the World Bank. The project was designed and supervised by Binnie & Partners of London, and it was built...

. In March 1969, Kazi was appointed Secretary for Industries and Natural Resources and a year later, he went on to serve as the Finance Secretary
Finance Secretary of Pakistan
Finance Secretary of Pakistan is the highest bureaucratic position within the Ministry of Finance of Pakistan. There were at least three instances when finance ministry was headed by Secretary-General...

, a post he held for over three years until his elevation as Secretary General.

After the power struggle triggered by General Yahya Khan
Yahya Khan
General Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan Qizilbash, H.Pk, HJ, S.Pk, psc was the third President of Pakistan from 1969 to 1971, following the resignation of Ayub Khan...

's general election
Pakistani general election, 1970
General elections were held for the first time in Pakistan in on 7 December 1970, although the polls in East Pakistan, originally scheduled for October, were delayed by disastrous floods and rescheduled for later in December and January 1971....

, Zulfikar Bhutto
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was 9th Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977, and prior to that, 4th President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973. Bhutto was the founder of the Pakistan Peoples Party — the largest and most influential political party in Pakistan— and served as its chairman until his...

 became the new leader of Pakistan. In 1973, Kazi next became Secretary General Finance and Economic Coordination. When Ghulam Ishaq Khan
Ghulam Ishaq Khan
Ghulam Ishaq Khan , abbreviated as GIK, was the seventh President of Pakistan from August 17, 1988 until July 18, 1993 and a career statesman from the start to the end of cold war...

 became Finance Minister
Finance Minister of Pakistan
The Finance Minister of Pakistan heads the Ministry of Finance and serves in the Prime Minister's cabinet. The Minister is required to be a member of the Parliament.The current finance minister is Abdul Hafeez Shaikh...

, Kazi was appointed Economic Advisor to the President in July 1977. In 1978, Kazi was appointed as Governor
Governor of State Bank of Pakistan
- List :# Zahid Hussain, 10-06-1948 TO 19-07-1953# Abdul Qadir, 20-07-1953 TO 19-07-1960# Shujaat Ali Hasnie, 20-07-1960 TO 19-07-1967# Mahbubur Raschid, 20-07-1967 TO 01-07-1971# Shahkur Ullah Durrani, 01-07-1971 TO 22-12-1971...

 of State Bank of Pakistan
State Bank of Pakistan
The State Bank of Pakistan is the central bank of Pakistan. While its constitution, as originally laid down in the State Bank of Pakistan Order 1948, remained basically unchanged until January 1, 1974, when the bank was nationalized, the scope of its functions was considerably enlarged...

 until 1986. The Pakistan State Bank, under Kazi, was characterized by excellent financial discipline in the banking sector coupled with good relations with the Federal Government
Government of Pakistan
The Government of Pakistan is a federal parliamentary system, with an indirectly-elected President as the Head of State and Commander in Chief of the Pakistani Armed Forces, and an indirectly-elected Prime Minister as the Head of Government. The President’s appointment and term are...

.
Kazi started a career that would last for half a century making him the longest serving civil servant in the history of Pakistan. As a leading civil servant, Kazi passed through several major events in the history of Pakistan, including the removal of Bhutto
Operation Fair Play
Operation Fairplay was the code-name for the coup d'etat conducted at midnight on July 4, 1977 by the Pakistan Army's 111th Infantry Brigade led by Chief of Army Staff General Zia-ul-Haq against the elected civilian government of then-Prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.-1977 election:The coup was...

 and the mysterious death of General Zia-ul-Haq. In 1993, he was appointed as the Chairman Privatization Commission and was again given the status of a Federal Minister as Chief Executive of the Pakistan Investment Board. In 1994, Kazi retired from office, at the age of 75, and currently leads a quiet retired life in Islamabad.

Early life

Kazi was born into a Sindhi, working class
Working class
Working class is a term used in the social sciences and in ordinary conversation to describe those employed in lower tier jobs , often extending to those in unemployment or otherwise possessing below-average incomes...

 family consisting of his father KBGN Kazi
Khan Bahadur Ghulam Nabi Kazi
Khan Bahadur Ghulam Nabi Kazi MBE was a veteran educationist of Sind and rose to the position of the first Director of Public Instruction Sindh after remaining Educational Inspector Sindh in the Bombay Presidency....

, an educationist, and his sibling BGN Kazi
Bashir Ghulam Nabi Kazi
Justice Bashir Ahmed Ghulam Nabi Kazi better known as Justice B G N Kazi was the younger son of Khan Bahadur Ghulam Nabi Kazi MBE a veteran educationist of British India, and a renowned jurist of Pakistan.-Family:...

 would later go on to become a senior Jurist at the Federal Islamic Court. The family originated from Sindh
Sindh
Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...

, Bombay Presidency
Bombay Presidency
The Bombay Presidency was a province of British India. It was established in the 17th century as a trading post for the English East India Company, but later grew to encompass much of western and central India, as well as parts of post-partition Pakistan and the Arabian Peninsula.At its greatest...

, British Indian Empire. His father was a veteran educationist of Sindh who had been bestowed with the honour of MBE
MBE
MBE can stand for:* Mail Boxes Etc.* Management by exception* Master of Bioethics* Master of Bioscience Enterprise* Master of Business Engineering* Master of Business Economics* Mean Biased Error...

 by the British Government due to his services to humanity and social development. On the separation of Sindh] from Bombay, Khan Bahadur Ghulam Nabi Kazi
Khan Bahadur Ghulam Nabi Kazi
Khan Bahadur Ghulam Nabi Kazi MBE was a veteran educationist of Sind and rose to the position of the first Director of Public Instruction Sindh after remaining Educational Inspector Sindh in the Bombay Presidency....

 was appointed the first Director of Public Instructions Sindh in 1936. Kazi received his education from Jamshoro
Jamshoro
Jamshoro is a city in Jamshoro District, Sindh, Pakistan. It is located on the right bank of Indus River, approximately 18 kilometres north-west of the city of Hyderabad and 150 kilometres north-east from the provincial capital Karachi....

, Sindh and went on to attend the Cathedral and John Connon School
Cathedral and John Connon School
The Cathedral and John Connon School is a co-educational, private school located in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, established in 1860.According to the Education World-C fore Survey of Schools 2010, the school has been ranked first in the all India ranking of the best schools in India.It was ranked...

 in 1930.

British era:education and academia

After graduating from Cathedral and John Connon School, Kazi went on to attend the University of Bombay in 1937. In 1941, Kazi graduated and gained B.S.
Bachelor of Science
A Bachelor of Science is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for completed courses that generally last three to five years .-Australia:In Australia, the BSc is a 3 year degree, offered from 1st year on...

 in Statistics
Statistics
Statistics is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of data. It deals with all aspects of this, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments....

, and later went on to gain M.Sc.
Master of Science
A Master of Science is a postgraduate academic master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is typically studied for in the sciences including the social sciences.-Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay:...

 in Physics
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...

 and M.A.
Master of Arts (postgraduate)
A Master of Arts from the Latin Magister Artium, is a type of Master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The M.A. is usually contrasted with the M.S. or M.Sc. degrees...

 in Mathematics
Mathematics
Mathematics is the study of quantity, space, structure, and change. Mathematicians seek out patterns and formulate new conjectures. Mathematicians resolve the truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proofs, which are arguments sufficient to convince other mathematicians of their validity...

 from the University of Bombay, and also competed in the Indian Civil Service examination from there in 1944. However, before joining the civil service, Kazi joined the Department of Mathematics of the D. J. Science College
D. J. Science College
D. J. Science College is an educational institute located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.- History :Inaugurated as Sindh Arts College by Lord Reay, Governor of Bombay, on January 17, 1882, the college was renamed D. J. Science College upon completion of the present structure in 1887...

, teaching courses in Mathematics and Statistics. In 1944, he was one of the three Muslims selected to the Indian Civil Service along with Agha Shahi
Agha Shahi
Agha Shahi NI was a Pakistani diplomat and Foreign Minister of Pakistan from 1977 to 1982, during the regime of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. He served as the President of the Institute of Strategic Studies, Islamabad till his death.-Diplomatic career:Shahi gained M.Sc...

 and Mian Riazuddin Ahmed. Thus, Kazi started a career that would last for half a century making him the longest serving civil servant in the history of Pakistan.

Civil Service in India

The British Government appointed Kazi as Deputy Commissioner in Bihar and Orissa where he served there until 1947. Kazi was asked by the British Government to stay in India, but he opted for Pakistan during the partition of India in 1947. He arrived in his hometown where he joined the Government of Sindh
Government of Sindh
Government of Sindh is based in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. سندھ is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and is home to the Sindhis, Muhajirs, Pashtuns and a whole array of other ethnic and linguistic groups. Neighbouring regions are Balochistan to the west and north, Punjab in the north and...

 and held pivotal positions such as Secretary to Governor and Secretary Finance. Keeping with the traditions of all Commonwealth countries the most brilliant and efficient civil servants are assigned to the Ministry of Finance and Mr Kazi proved no exception to this rule.

Senior offices held

After the amalgamation of all provinces in the western wing of the country in 1955, he was appointed Finance Secretary of West Pakistan
West Pakistan
West Pakistan , common name West-Pakistan , in the period between its establishment on 22 November 1955 to disintegration on December 16, 1971. This period, during which, Pakistan was divided, ended when East-Pakistan was disintegrated and succeeded to become which is now what is known as Bangladesh...

. In the early sixties he was posted as Economic Minister in the Pakistan Embassy in Washington DC USA where he served until 1965. On his return to Pakistan, he was appointed for a brief period as Additional Chief Secretary (Planning nd Development) West Pakistan and thereafter as Chairman of Pakistan's Water and Power Development Authority
Water and Power Development Authority
The Water and Power Development Authority is a government-owned public utility maintaining power and water in Pakistan, although it does not manage thermal power. WAPDA includes Tarbela and Mangla dams among its resources...

 (WAPDA). It was during his tenure as Chairman WAPDA that the Mangla Dam
Mangla Dam
The Mangla Dam is located on the Jhelum River in the Mirpur District of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. It is the sixteenth largest dam in the world. It was built from 1961 to 1967 with funding from the World Bank. The project was designed and supervised by Binnie & Partners of London, and it was built...

 was inaugurated and on this occasion he was awarded the high civil award of Sitara-e-Pakistan. Previously he had also been awarded the Sitara-e-Khidmat. In 1969, he was appointed Secretary for Industries and Natural Resources and a year later as Finance Secretary of the Government of Pakistan
Government of Pakistan
The Government of Pakistan is a federal parliamentary system, with an indirectly-elected President as the Head of State and Commander in Chief of the Pakistani Armed Forces, and an indirectly-elected Prime Minister as the Head of Government. The President’s appointment and term are...

. As Secretary Finance he succeeded eminent personalities such as Sir Victor Turner, Abdul Qadir, Mumtaz Hasan, Hafiz Abdul Majid, Mirza Muzaffar Ahmad and Ghulam Ishaq Khan
Ghulam Ishaq Khan
Ghulam Ishaq Khan , abbreviated as GIK, was the seventh President of Pakistan from August 17, 1988 until July 18, 1993 and a career statesman from the start to the end of cold war...

 who was subsequently President of Pakistan
President of Pakistan
The President of Pakistan is the head of state, as well as figurehead, of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Recently passed an XVIII Amendment , Pakistan has a parliamentary democratic system of government. According to the Constitution, the President is chosen by the Electoral College to serve a...

. He held this pivotal assignment of Finance Secretary of Pakistan
Finance Secretary of Pakistan
Finance Secretary of Pakistan is the highest bureaucratic position within the Ministry of Finance of Pakistan. There were at least three instances when finance ministry was headed by Secretary-General...

 during the unfortunate crisis of 1971. In this capacity, he was also Chairman of the Federal Board of Revenue (Pakistan)
Federal Board of Revenue (Pakistan)
The Federal Board of Revenue is the semi-autonomous, supreme federal agency of Pakistan that is responsible for auditing, enforcing and collecting revenue for the government of Pakistan...

. In 1973, A G N Kazi was assigned the highest grade in the civil service and made Secretary General, Finance and Economic Coordination in which capacity he had to supervise the working of all the economic and planning ministries of the Government of Pakistan. He was appointed Advisor to the President on Economic Affairs in 1977 with the rank of a full Cabinet Minister on the imposition of martial law in July 1977. Thereafter he was appointed Governor of State Bank of Pakistan
Governor of State Bank of Pakistan
- List :# Zahid Hussain, 10-06-1948 TO 19-07-1953# Abdul Qadir, 20-07-1953 TO 19-07-1960# Shujaat Ali Hasnie, 20-07-1960 TO 19-07-1967# Mahbubur Raschid, 20-07-1967 TO 01-07-1971# Shahkur Ullah Durrani, 01-07-1971 TO 22-12-1971...

 in 1978. He served in the latter capacity for eight years and this period was characterized by excellent financial discipline in the banking sector coupled with good relations with the federal government. During his tenure as Secretary General Finance, Kazi became involved in securing Pakistan's nuclear capability, along with Agha Shahi
Agha Shahi
Agha Shahi NI was a Pakistani diplomat and Foreign Minister of Pakistan from 1977 to 1982, during the regime of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. He served as the President of the Institute of Strategic Studies, Islamabad till his death.-Diplomatic career:Shahi gained M.Sc...

 and Ghulam Ishaq Khan
Ghulam Ishaq Khan
Ghulam Ishaq Khan , abbreviated as GIK, was the seventh President of Pakistan from August 17, 1988 until July 18, 1993 and a career statesman from the start to the end of cold war...

; the three constituting the coordination board to monitor the nuclear program. In 1986, he was appointed Deputy Chairman Planning Commission (Pakistan)
Planning Commission (Pakistan)
The Planning Commission of Pakistan, commonly known as Planning Commission, is a Pakistan Government's executive and federal departmental institution in charge of managing the economy of the country in tandem with the Ministry of Finance. Its main function is to prepare five-year plans of economic...

., in which position he remained until 1993 until his induction as the Chairman Privatization Commission. In 1993 he was again given the status of a Federal Minister as Chairman/Chief Executive of the Pakistan Investment Board.

Retirement

In 1994, A G N Kazi finally retired after fifty long years of service and never took up any regular government assignment. He is a well-respected figure in Pakistan's economic sector having remained at its helm for around three decades, and is well known for his efficiency, integrity and commitment. He currently resides in Islamabad. His wife Zakia died in 2009. He has two children Shahnaz Kazi and Sohail Kazi.

See also

  • Khan Bahadur Ghulam Nabi Kazi
    Khan Bahadur Ghulam Nabi Kazi
    Khan Bahadur Ghulam Nabi Kazi MBE was a veteran educationist of Sind and rose to the position of the first Director of Public Instruction Sindh after remaining Educational Inspector Sindh in the Bombay Presidency....

  • Allama I. I. Kazi
    Allama I. I. Kazi
    Allama Imdad Ali Imam Ali Kazi , was a scholar, philosopher, jurist, and educationist. He is considered to be a founder of the University of Sindh at its present location at Jamshoro. Many remarkable works for Sindhi Art, literature, mysticism, education and history are attributed to him...

  • Elsa Kazi
    Elsa Kazi
    Elsa Kazi , commonly known as "Mother Elsa", was a German writer of one-act plays, short stories, novels and history, and one of the greatest poetesses of her time. She was also a composer and a musician of considerable achievement, involved in virtually every conspicuous branch of fine arts. Her...

  • Dr Ali Ahmed S Kazi
    Dr Ali Ahmed S Kazi
    Dr Ali Ahmed S Kazi was one of the few physicians when Sindh was created as a province in British India in 1936.-Family:He was born in 1896 and was a nephew of the great intellectual Allama I. I. Kazi and his illustrious wife Elsa Kazi. His father, Sharafuddin Kazi died when he was still quite...

  • Ahmed Hussain A. Kazi
    Ahmed Hussain A. Kazi
    Ahmed Hussain A. Kazi, born:August 15, 1920—7 January 2007), Tamgha-i-Pakistan, was a senior advocate and civil servant of Pakistan and a close industrial policy adviser to the Government of Pakistan on internal revenue, economic and industrialization policies during the seventies.-Family and...

  • Bashir Ghulam Nabi Kazi
    Bashir Ghulam Nabi Kazi
    Justice Bashir Ahmed Ghulam Nabi Kazi better known as Justice B G N Kazi was the younger son of Khan Bahadur Ghulam Nabi Kazi MBE a veteran educationist of British India, and a renowned jurist of Pakistan.-Family:...

  • Shaikh Nazrul Bakar
    Shaikh Nazrul Bakar
    Shaikh Nazrul Bakar better known as S N Bakar, was a prominent civil servant of Pakistan.-Education:...

  • Mushtak Ali Kazi
    Mushtak Ali Kazi
    Justice Mushtak Ali Kazi , was a renowned jurist and writer of Pakistan and Judge of High Court of Sindh .-Birth and Family:Kazi was born in Sindh then part of the Bombay Presidency of British India on 21 December 1917. He was a distinguished alumnus of the University of Bombay...

  • Mutawakkil Kazi
    Mutawakkil Kazi
    Dr Mutawakkil Kazi, was a noted civil servant and economist of Pakistan.-Family and Early Life:Kazi was born in Karachi, British India in 1944. His paternal grandfather Ali Mohammad Kazi was in the Indian Police and became District Superintendent, a post not normally assigned to Indians. He...

  • Ghulam Nabi Kazi
    Ghulam Nabi Kazi
    Dr Ghulam Nabi Kazi Urdu:ڈاکٹر غلام نبی قاضی is a prominent public health scientist and health economist of Pakistan, who has been working for the World Health Organization since eleven years.-Early Life and Family:...

  • Sindh
    Sindh
    Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...


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