401st Air Expeditionary Group
Encyclopedia
The 401st Air Expeditionary Group is a provisional United States Air Force
United States Air Force
The United States Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on September 18, 1947 under the National Security Act of...

 unit assigned to the United States Air Forces in Europe
United States Air Forces in Europe
The United States Air Forces in Europe is the United States Air Force component of U.S. European Command, a Department of Defense unified command, and is one of two Air Force Major Commands outside of the continental United States, the other being the Pacific Air Forces...

. The 401 AEG may be activated or inactivated at any time. It was last active in 2003, being stationed at RAF Akrotiri
RAF Akrotiri
Royal Air Force Station Akrotiri, more commonly known as RAF Akrotiri , is a large Royal Air Force station, on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. It is located in the Western Sovereign Base Area, one of two areas which comprise Akrotiri and Dhekelia, a British Overseas Territory, administered as a...

, Cyprus.

During World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

, its predecessor unit, the 401st Bombardment Group was a VIII Bomber Command
VIII Bomber Command
The VIII Bomber Command is an inactive United States Army Air Forces unit that is better known as the later appellation Eighth Air Force, as was popularized in post-World War II filmsand is frequently called the First Eighth Air Force by its veterans and successors in the services.The command was...

 B-17 Flying Fortress unit in England. Assigned to RAF Deenethorpe
RAF Deenethorpe
RAF Deenethorpe is a former World War II airfield in Northamptonshire, England, about two miles east of Corby.- USAAF use:Deenethorpe was constructed in 1943 and was allocated to the United States Army Air Force Eighth Air Force...

 in late 1943, the group earned two Distinguished Unit Citations for missions over Leipzig
Leipzig
Leipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing...

 on 11 January and 20 February 1944. The 401st Bomb Group was the second best rating in bombing accuracy for Eighth Air Force
Eighth Air Force
The Eighth Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Global Strike Command . It is headquartered at Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana....

.

World War II

Activated 1 April 1943 at Ephrata AAB Wash. Moved to Geiger Field, Washington on 28 May 1943, and to Great Falls AAB, Mount in July 1943. Completed final training and ground echelon began movement overseas on 19 October 1943. After staging at Camp Shanks, New York the unit embarked on the Queen Mary, and sailed on 27 October and arrived at Greenock on 2 November 1943, and disembarked the following day. The air echelon left Great Falls on 18 October 1943 for final inspections at Scott Field then via Goose Bay, Meeks Field in Iceland to Prestwick, Scotland.

On arrival in England, unit was assigned to Eighth Air Force
Eighth Air Force
The Eighth Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Global Strike Command . It is headquartered at Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana....

, being stationed at RAF Deenethorpe
RAF Deenethorpe
RAF Deenethorpe is a former World War II airfield in Northamptonshire, England, about two miles east of Corby.- USAAF use:Deenethorpe was constructed in 1943 and was allocated to the United States Army Air Force Eighth Air Force...

. The 401st was assigned to the 94th Combat Bombardment Wing of the 1st Bombardment Division. Its tail code was Triangle-S.

The 401st BG operated chiefly against strategic targets, bombing industries, submarine facilities, shipyards, missile sites, marshalling yards, and airfields; beginning in October 1944, concentrated on oil reserves. The Group received a Distinguished Unit Citation for striking telling blows against German aircraft production on 11 January and 20 February 1944.

In addition to strategic missions, group operations included attacks on transportation, airfields, and fortifications prior to the Normandy invasion and on D-Day
D-Day
D-Day is a term often used in military parlance to denote the day on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated. "D-Day" often represents a variable, designating the day upon which some significant event will occur or has occurred; see Military designation of days and hours for similar...

, June 1944; support for ground operations during the breakthrough at Saint-Lô
Saint-Lô
Saint-Lô is a commune in north-western France, the capital of the Manche department in Normandy.-History:Originally called Briovère , the town is built on and around ramparts. Originally it was a Gaul fortified settlement...

 in July, the siege of Brest
Brest, France
Brest is a city in the Finistère department in Brittany in northwestern France. Located in a sheltered position not far from the western tip of the Breton peninsula, and the western extremity of metropolitan France, Brest is an important harbour and the second French military port after Toulon...

 in August, and the airborne attack on Holland
Operation Market Garden
Operation Market Garden was an unsuccessful Allied military operation, fought in the Netherlands and Germany in the Second World War. It was the largest airborne operation up to that time....

 in September 1944.

The Group flew missions against enemy forces during the Battle of the Bulge
Battle of the Bulge
The Battle of the Bulge was a major German offensive , launched toward the end of World War II through the densely forested Ardennes mountain region of Wallonia in Belgium, hence its French name , and France and...

, December 1944 – January 1945, by assaulting transportation targets and communications centers in the battle area; and support for the airborne attack across the Rhine in March 1945.

The worst accident occurred in December 1943 when a Fortress which failed to get off the ground careered over farmland and came to rest after crashing into a cottage on the edge of Deenethorpe village. The surviving members of the crew just had time to evacuate the wreckage and warn the villagers of the imminent explosion of the bomb load before it detonated damaging many houses in the village. The blast was felt in Kettering nine miles away

The group had flown 255 combat missions from Deenethorpe airfield, 94 aircraft had been classed as missing in action.

Redeployed to the US June 1945. The air echelon departed the United Kingdom on 30 May to 4 June 1945. Ground echelon went by train to Gourock on 20 June, and sailed on the Queen Elizabeth on 25 June 1945, and arriving on 30 June. Some of the unit reassembled at Sioux Falls AAFd, South Dakota where the Group was inactivated on 28 August 1945.

Cold War

During the early years of the Cold War
Cold War
The Cold War was the continuing state from roughly 1946 to 1991 of political conflict, military tension, proxy wars, and economic competition between the Communist World—primarily the Soviet Union and its satellite states and allies—and the powers of the Western world, primarily the United States...

 the unit was redesignated as the 401st Bombardment Group (Very Heavy) and was allotted to the USAF reserve. It was activated on 26 June 1947 by Strategic Air Command
Strategic Air Command
The Strategic Air Command was both a Major Command of the United States Air Force and a "specified command" of the United States Department of Defense. SAC was the operational establishment in charge of America's land-based strategic bomber aircraft and land-based intercontinental ballistic...

 at Brooks AFB, Texas, being equipped with the Boeing B-29 Superfortress. The 401st was redesignated the 401st Bombardment Group (Medium) in June 1949 and transferred to Biggs AFB, Texas when the Convair B-36 Peacekeeper entered the inventory.

The unit was called to active service on 1 May 1951. It's aircraft and personnel were reassigned to combat units in Far East Air Force for service during the Korean War
Korean War
The Korean War was a conventional war between South Korea, supported by the United Nations, and North Korea, supported by the People's Republic of China , with military material aid from the Soviet Union...

. It was inactivated on 25 June 1951 as a paper unit with no personnel assigned.
The 401st was redesignated as a Tactical Air Command
Tactical Air Command
Tactical Air Command is an inactive United States Air Force organization. It was a Major Command of the United States Air Force, established on 21 March 1946 being headquartered at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia...

 Fighter-Bomber group on 8 February 1954 at Alexandria Air Force Base, Louisiana
Louisiana
Louisiana is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America. Its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans. Louisiana is the only state in the U.S. with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are local governments equivalent to counties...

. The group was equipped initially with F-86F Sabres returned from combat in Korea
Korea
Korea ) is an East Asian geographic region that is currently divided into two separate sovereign states — North Korea and South Korea. Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by the People's Republic of China to the northwest, Russia to the northeast, and is separated from Japan to the...

. The group was assigned the 612th, 613th and 614th Fighter-Bomber squadrons. The group was attached at activation to the 366th Fighter-Bomber Wing at Alexandria, and its mission was to perform advanced fighter training on high performance jet aircraft.

In 1955, the group converted to Republic F-84F Thunderstreak
F-84F Thunderstreak
The Republic F-84F Thunderstreak was an American-built swept-wing turbojet fighter-bomber. While an evolutionary development of the straight-wing F-84 Thunderjet, the F-84F was a new design. The RF-84F Thunderflash was a photo reconnaissance version....

s, performing its training mission until 25 September 1957 when inactivated, with component squadrons being assigned directly to newly-activated 401st Fighter-Bomber Wing.

On 1 October 1991, the 401st Operations Group was activated as a result of the 401st Fighter Wing implementing the USAF objective wing organization. Upon activation, the 401 OG was bestowed the lineage and history of the 401st Fighter-Bomber Group. The 401 OG was assigned control of the 614th Fighter Squadron, however the control of the squadron was brief as Torrejon Air Base
Torrejon Air Base
Madrid-Torrejón Airport is a commercial airport in Spain. It is a joint-use facility between the Spanish Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of Public Works. The civil part is dedicated primarily to executive and private aviation. The airport is located northeast of Madrid, west of Alcalá de...

 was being closed, and the 614th FS was inactivated on 1 January 1992.

The 401st OG was moved along with the other units of the 401st Fighter Wing to Aviano Air Base
Aviano Air Base
Aviano Air Base is a NATO Air Base under U.S. Air Force administration in northeastern Italy, in Friuli-Venezia Giulia region. It is located in Aviano municipality, at the foot of the Carnic Pre-Alps, or Southern Carnic Alps, about 15 kilometers from Pordenone.-Units:Aviano is hosted by the...

, Italy on 21 May 1992 without personnel or equipment. The 401 OG controlled no assigned units at Aviano, instead supported rotating squadrons deployed there from other groups.

The 401st was inactivated at Aviano and replaced by the 31st Operations Group
31st Operations Group
The 31st Operations Group is the flying component of the 31st Fighter Wing, assigned to the United States Air Forces in Europe. It is stationed at Aviano Air Base, Italy.-Overview:...

 on 1 April 1994 when the 31st was reassigned to Aviano after Hurricane Andrew
Hurricane Andrew
Hurricane Andrew was the third Category 5 hurricane to make landfall in the United States, after the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935 and Hurricane Camille in 1969. Andrew was the first named storm and only major hurricane of the otherwise inactive 1992 Atlantic hurricane season...

 destroyed Homestead AFB, Florida.

Global War on Terrorism

The 401st Expeditionary Operations Group (401 EOG) was activated in 2001 by USAFE to perform combat support duties as part of the Global War on Terrorism at RAF Akrotiri
RAF Akrotiri
Royal Air Force Station Akrotiri, more commonly known as RAF Akrotiri , is a large Royal Air Force station, on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. It is located in the Western Sovereign Base Area, one of two areas which comprise Akrotiri and Dhekelia, a British Overseas Territory, administered as a...

, Cyprus performing KC-135 operations. Detachment 1 was located at Tuzla Air Base
Tuzla Air Base
Tuzla Air Base is a former SFR Yugoslav Air Force and later, NATO Air Force base, located south-southeast of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina...

, Bosnia and Herzegovina, designated as the 401st Expeditionary Air Base Group.

In June 2003 the 401st Air Expeditionary Wing was reactivated at Aviano Air Base, Italy, replacing the 16th AEW. The Group was inactivated to eliminate an overlap in heraldry with the 16th SOW at Hurlburt Field
Hurlburt Field
Hurlburt Field is a U.S. Air Force installation located in Okaloosa County, Florida, immediately west of the Town of Mary Esther. It is part of the greater Eglin Air Force Base reservation, and is home to Headquarters Air Force Special Operations Command , the 1st Special Operations Wing , the...

, Florida.

Lineage

  • Constituted as 401st Bombardment Group (Heavy) on 20 March 1943
Activated on 1 April 1943
Inactivated on 28 August 1945.
  • Redesignated 401st Bombardment Group (Very Heavy) and activated on 26 June 1947
Redesignated 401st Bombardment Group (Medium) in June 1949
Inactivated on 25 June 1951.
  • Redesignated 401st Fighter-Bomber Group and activated on 8 February 1954
Inactivated on 25 September 1957
  • Redesignated 401st Operations Group and activated on 1 October 1991
Inactivated on 1 April 1994
  • Redesignated 401st Air Expeditionary Group and converted to provisional status on 5 February 2001

Assignments

  • II Bomber Command
    II Bomber Command
    The II Bomber Command is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to Second Air Force, based at Fort George Wright, Washington. It was inactivated on 6 October 1943....

    , 1 April–October 1943
  • 92d Combat Bombardment Wing, 1 November 1943
  • 94th Combat Bombardment Wing, 8 January 1944 – 20 June 1945
  • Army Service Forces
    Army Service Forces
    The Army Service Forces were one of the three autonomous components of the Army of the United States during World War II, the others being the Army Air Forces and Army Ground Forces. They were created on February 28, 1942 by Executive Order Number 9082 "Reorganizing the Army and the War Department"...

     (for inactivation), 1–28 August 1945
  • Tenth Air Force
    Tenth Air Force
    The Tenth Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Reserve Command . It is headquartered at Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Fort Worth, Texas....

    , 26 June 1947 – 25 June 1951
  • 401st Fighter-Bomber Wing, 8 February 1954 – 25 September 1957
  • 401st Fighter Wing, 1 October 1991 – 1 April 1994
  • United States Air Forces in Europe
    United States Air Forces in Europe
    The United States Air Forces in Europe is the United States Air Force component of U.S. European Command, a Department of Defense unified command, and is one of two Air Force Major Commands outside of the continental United States, the other being the Pacific Air Forces...

     to activate or inactivate any time after 5 February 2001.

Components

  • 612th Bombardment Squadron (later Fighter-Bomber) Squadron
    612th Tactical Fighter Squadron
    The 612th Tactical Fighter Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last was assigned to the 401st Tactical Fighter Wing, stationed at Torrejon Air Base, Spain. It was inactivated on 1 October 1991.-History:...

     (SC), 1 April 1943 – 28 August 1945; 26 June 1947-25 June 1951; 8 February 1954 – 25 September 1957
  • 613th Bombardment Squadron (later Fighter-Bomber) Squadron
    613th Tactical Fighter Squadron
    The 613th Tactical Fighter Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last was assigned to the 401st Tactical Fighter Wing, stationed at Torrejon Air Base, Spain. It was inactivated on 28 June 1991.-History:...

     (IN), 1 April 1943 – 28 August 1945; 26 June 1947-25 June 1951; 8 February 1954 – 25 September 1957
  • 614th Bombardment Squadron (later Fighter-Bomber) Squadron
    614th Tactical Fighter Squadron
    The 614th Tactical Fighter Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last was assigned to the 401st Operations Group, stationed at Torrejon Air Base, Spain. It was inactivated on 1 January 1992-History:...

     (IW), 1 April 1943 – 28 August 1945; 26 June 1947-25 June 1951; 8 February 1954 – 25 September 1957; 1 October 1991-1 January 1992
  • 615th Bombardment Squadron (later Fighter-Bomber) Squadron
    615th Tactical Fighter Squadron
    The 615th Tactical Fighter Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last was assigned to the 35th Tactical Fighter Wing, stationed at Phan Rang Air Base, South Vietnam. It was inactivated on 15 July 1971-History:...

     (IY), 1 April 1943 – 28 August 1945; 26 June 1947-25 June 1951

Stations

  • Ephrata Army Air Base, Washington, 1 April 1943
  • Geiger Field, Washington, June 1943
  • Great Falls Army Air Base, Montana
    Montana
    Montana is a state in the Western United States. The western third of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges. Smaller, "island ranges" are found in the central third of the state, for a total of 77 named ranges of the Rocky Mountains. This geographical fact is reflected in the state's name,...

    , July–October 1943
  • RAF Deenethorpe
    RAF Deenethorpe
    RAF Deenethorpe is a former World War II airfield in Northamptonshire, England, about two miles east of Corby.- USAAF use:Deenethorpe was constructed in 1943 and was allocated to the United States Army Air Force Eighth Air Force...

     (USAAF Station 128), England, C. 1 November 1943 – May 1945
  • Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota
    South Dakota
    South Dakota is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux American Indian tribes. Once a part of Dakota Territory, South Dakota became a state on November 2, 1889. The state has an area of and an estimated population of just over...

    , c. 1–28 August 1945
  • Brooks Field
    Brooks City-Base
    Brooks City-Base was a United States Air Force facility located in San Antonio, Texas, southeast of Downtown San Antonio.In 2002 Brooks Air Force Base was renamed Brooks City-Base when the property was conveyed to the Brooks Development Authority as part of a unique project between local, state,...

    , Texas, 26 June 1947
  • Biggs AFB, Texas, 27 June 1949 – 25 June 1951
  • Alexandria AFB, Louisiana
    Louisiana
    Louisiana is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America. Its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans. Louisiana is the only state in the U.S. with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are local governments equivalent to counties...

    , 8 February 1954 – 25 September 1957
  • Torrejon Air Base
    Torrejon Air Base
    Madrid-Torrejón Airport is a commercial airport in Spain. It is a joint-use facility between the Spanish Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of Public Works. The civil part is dedicated primarily to executive and private aviation. The airport is located northeast of Madrid, west of Alcalá de...

    , Spain, 1 October 1991
  • Aviano Air Base
    Aviano Air Base
    Aviano Air Base is a NATO Air Base under U.S. Air Force administration in northeastern Italy, in Friuli-Venezia Giulia region. It is located in Aviano municipality, at the foot of the Carnic Pre-Alps, or Southern Carnic Alps, about 15 kilometers from Pordenone.-Units:Aviano is hosted by the...

    , Italy, 21 May 1992 – 1 April 1994
  • RAF Akrotiri
    RAF Akrotiri
    Royal Air Force Station Akrotiri, more commonly known as RAF Akrotiri , is a large Royal Air Force station, on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. It is located in the Western Sovereign Base Area, one of two areas which comprise Akrotiri and Dhekelia, a British Overseas Territory, administered as a...

    , Cyprus, 2001 – June 2003
Det 1, 401st AEG – Camp Butmir, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2001–present)
Det 2, 401st AEG – Camp Bondsteel
Camp Bondsteel
Camp Bondsteel is the main base of the United States Army under KFOR command in Kosovo. Located near Uroševac in the eastern part of Kosovo, the base serves as the NATO headquarters for KFOR's Multinational Brigade East . The base is named after Vietnam War Medal of Honor recipient United States...

, Kosovo (2001–present)
Det 4, 401st AEG – Rhein-Main Germany, (In support of SFOR/KFOR Deactivated 2004)
Bourgas / Sarafovo, Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...

 (2001-UNK)**


Note **Unconfirmed Location

Aircraft assigned

  • B-17G Flying Fortress, 1942–1945
  • B-29 Superfortress
    B-29 Superfortress
    The B-29 Superfortress is a four-engine propeller-driven heavy bomber designed by Boeing that was flown primarily by the United States Air Forces in late-World War II and through the Korean War. The B-29 was one of the largest aircraft to see service during World War II...

    , 1947–1949
  • F-86 Sabre
    F-86 Sabre
    The North American F-86 Sabre was a transonic jet fighter aircraft. Produced by North American Aviation, the Sabre is best known as America's first swept wing fighter which could counter the similarly-winged Soviet MiG-15 in high speed dogfights over the skies of the Korean War...

    , 1954–1957
  • Undisclosed, 2001–2003
The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
x
OK