The
2005 civil unrestCivil disorder, also known as civil unrest or civil strife, is a broad term that is typically used by law enforcement to describe one or more forms of disturbance caused by a group of people. Civil disturbance is typically a symptom of, and a form of protest against, major socio-political problems;...
in France of October and November (in French
Les émeutes des banlieues de 2005) was a series of
riotA riot is a form of civil disorder characterized often by what is thought of as disorganized groups lashing out in a sudden and intense rash of violence against authority, property or people. While individuals may attempt to lead or control a riot, riots are thought to be typically chaotic and...
s by mostly Muslim North African youths in
ParisParis is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
and other French cities, involving mainly the
burningArson is the crime of intentionally or maliciously setting fire to structures or wildland areas. It may be distinguished from other causes such as spontaneous combustion and natural wildfires...
of
carsAn automobile, autocar, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor...
and
public buildingsPublic property is property, which is dedicated to the use of the public. It is a subset of state property. The term may be used either to describe the use to which the property is put, or to describe the character of its ownership...
at night starting on 27 October 2005 in
Clichy-sous-BoisClichy-sous-Bois is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. The vast majority of its population is made up of Muslims of North African heritage . It is located from the centre of Paris.-Geography:The commune has an area of with of woods...
. Events spread to poor housing projects (the
cités HLMHLM , French for "housing at moderated rents" or "rent-controlled housing", is a form of subsidised housing in France. There are approximately four million such residences, housing an estimated 12 million people — nearly one-fifth of the population of France...
) in various parts of France. A
state of emergencyA state of emergency is a governmental declaration that may suspend some normal functions of the executive, legislative and judicial powers, alert citizens to change their normal behaviours, or order government agencies to implement emergency preparedness plans. It can also be used as a rationale...
was declared on 8 November 2005. It was extended for three months on 16 November by the Parliament.
Timeline
While tension had been building among the juvenile population in France, action was not taken until the reopening of schools in Autumn, since most of the French population is on holiday during the late summer months. However, riots began on Thursday 27 October 2005, triggered by the deaths of two teenagers in
Clichy-sous-BoisClichy-sous-Bois is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. The vast majority of its population is made up of Muslims of North African heritage . It is located from the centre of Paris.-Geography:The commune has an area of with of woods...
, a poor commune in an eastern
banlieueIn francophone areas, banlieues are the "outskirts" of a city: the zone around a city that is under the city's rule.Banlieues are translated as "suburbs", as these are also residential areas on the outer edge of a city, but the connotations of the term "banlieue" in France can be different from...
(suburb) of Paris. Initially confined to the Paris area, the unrest subsequently spread to other areas of the
Île-de-France régionÎle-de-France is the wealthiest and most populated of the twenty-two administrative regions of France, composed mostly of the Paris metropolitan area....
, and spread through the outskirts of France's urban areas, also affecting some rural areas. After 3 November it spread to other cities in France, affecting all 15 of the large
aires urbainesThe aire urbaine is a statistical region created by the INSEE that comprises a commuter belt surrounding a contiguous urban core...
in the country. Thousands of vehicles were burned, and at least one person was killed by the rioters. Close to 2900 rioters were arrested.
On 8 November, President
Jacques ChiracJacques René Chirac is a French politician who served as President of France from 1995 to 2007. He previously served as Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988 , and as Mayor of Paris from 1977 to 1995.After completing his studies of the DEA's degree at the...
declared a
state of emergencyA state of emergency is a governmental declaration that may suspend some normal functions of the executive, legislative and judicial powers, alert citizens to change their normal behaviours, or order government agencies to implement emergency preparedness plans. It can also be used as a rationale...
effective at midnight. Despite the new regulations, riots continued, though on a reduced scale, the following two nights, and again worsened the third night. On 9 November and the morning of 10 November a school was burned in
BelfortBelfort is a commune in the Territoire de Belfort department in Franche-Comté in northeastern France and is the prefecture of the department. It is located on the Savoureuse, on the strategically important natural route between the Rhine and the Rhône – the Belfort Gap or Burgundian Gate .-...
, and there was violence in
ToulouseToulouse is a city in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern FranceIt lies on the banks of the River Garonne, 590 km away from Paris and half-way between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea...
,
LilleLille is a city in northern France . It is the principal city of the Lille Métropole, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the country behind those of Paris, Lyon and Marseille. Lille is situated on the Deûle River, near France's border with Belgium...
,
StrasbourgStrasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
,
MarseilleMarseille , known in antiquity as Massalia , is the second largest city in France, after Paris, with a population of 852,395 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Marseille extends beyond the city limits with a population of over 1,420,000 on an area of...
, and
LyonLyon , is a city in east-central France in the Rhône-Alpes region, situated between Paris and Marseille. Lyon is located at from Paris, from Marseille, from Geneva, from Turin, and from Barcelona. The residents of the city are called Lyonnais....
.
On 10 November and the morning of 11 November, violence increased overnight in the Paris region, and there were still a number of police wounded across the country. According to the
Interior MinisterThe Minister of the Interior in France is one of the most important governmental cabinet positions, responsible for the following:* The general interior security of the country, with respect to criminal acts or natural catastrophes...
, violence, arson, and attacks on police worsened on the 11th and morning of the 12th, and there were further attacks on power stations, causing a blackout in the northern part of
AmiensAmiens is a city and commune in northern France, north of Paris and south-west of Lille. It is the capital of the Somme department in Picardy...
.
Rioting took place in the city center of Lyon on Saturday, 12 November, as young people attacked cars and threw rocks at riot police who responded with tear gas. Also that night, a nursery school was torched in the southern town of Carpentras.
On the night of the 14th and the morning of the 15th, 215 vehicles were burned across France and 71 people were arrested. Thirteen vehicles were torched in central Paris, compared to only one the night before. In the suburbs of Paris, firebombs were thrown at the treasury in
BobignyBobigny is a commune, or town, in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. Bobigny is the préfecture of the Seine-Saint-Denis département, as well as the seat of the Arrondissement of Bobigny...
and at an electrical transformer in Clichy-sous-Bois, the neighborhood where the disturbances started. A daycare centre in
CambraiCambrai is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department.Cambrai is the seat of an archdiocese whose jurisdiction was immense during the Middle Ages. The territory of the Bishopric of Cambrai, roughly coinciding with the shire of Brabant, included...
and a tourist agency in
Fontenay-sous-BoisFontenay-sous-Bois is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris.-Name:The name Fontenay was recorded in the Middle Ages as Fontanetum, meaning "the springs", from Medieval Latin fontana .The commune was known alternatively as Fontenay-les-Bois ,...
were also attacked. Eighteen buses were damaged by arson at a depot in
Saint-ÉtienneSaint-Étienne is a city in eastern central France. It is located in the Massif Central, southwest of Lyon in the Rhône-Alpes region, along the trunk road that connects Toulouse with Lyon...
. The mosque in
Saint-ChamondSaint-Chamond is a commune in the Loire department in the Rhône-Alpes region in central France.-Overview:It is situated 13 km east of the city of Saint-Étienne and approximately 45 km southwest of Lyon...
was hit by three firebombs, which did little damage.
Only 163 vehicles went up in flames on the 20th night of unrest, 15 to 16 November, leading the French government to claim that the country was returning to an "almost normal situation". During the night's events, a Roman Catholic church was burned and a vehicle was rammed into an unoccupied police station in
Romans-sur-IsèreRomans-sur-Isère or Romans is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.-Geography:...
. In other incidents, a police officer was injured while making an arrest after youths threw bottles of acid at the town hall in
Pont-l'ÉvêquePont-l'Évêque is the name of two communes of France:* Pont-l'Évêque, Calvados, in the Calvados département, Normandy* Pont-l'Évêque, Oise, in the Oise département, Picardy-Other:* Pont-l'Évêque cheese, named after the commune in Normandy...
, and a junior high school in
GrenobleGrenoble is a city in southeastern France, at the foot of the French Alps where the river Drac joins the Isère. Located in the Rhône-Alpes region, Grenoble is the capital of the department of Isère...
was set on fire. Fifty arrests were carried out across the country.
On 16 November, the French parliament approved a three-month extension of the state of emergency (which ended on 4 January 2006) aimed at curbing riots by urban youths. The Senate on Wednesday passed the extension - a day after a similar vote in the lower house. The laws allow local authorities to impose curfews, conduct house-to-house searches and ban public gatherings. The lower house passed them by a 346-148 majority, and the Senate by 202-125.
A wine festival in Grenoble,
Le Beaujolais nouveau, ended in rioting on the night of 18 November, with a crowd throwing rocks and bottles at riot police. Tear gas was deployed by officers. Sixteen youths and 17 police officers were injured. Though those events might have been easily linked with the riots in Paris suburbs, it appears they differ completely in nature and might just well be considered as predictable "wine festival" casualties, caused by misunderstanding and alcohol.
Triggering event
Citing two police investigations,
The New York TimesThe New York Times is an American daily newspaper founded and continuously published in New York City since 1851. The New York Times has won 106 Pulitzer Prizes, the most of any news organization...
reported that the incident began at 17:20 on Thursday, 27 October 2005 in Clichy-sous-Bois when police were called to a construction site to investigate a possible break-in. Three teenagers, thinking they were being chased by the police, climbed a wall to hide in a power substation. Six youths were detained by 17:50. During questioning at the police station in Livry-Gargan at 18:12, blackouts occurred at the station and in nearby areas. These were caused, police say, by the electrocution of two boys, Zyed Benna and Bouna Traoré; a third boy, Muhittin Altun, suffered electric shock injury from the power substation they were hiding in.
"According to statements by Mr. Altun, who remains hospitalized with injuries, a group of ten or so friends had been playing football on a nearby field and were returning home when they saw the police patrol. They all fled in different directions to avoid the lengthy questioning that youths in the housing projects say they often face from the police. They say they are required to present identity papers and can be held as long as four hours at the police station, and sometimes their parents must come before the police will release them." - NY Times
There is controversy over whether the teens were actually being chased. The local prosecutor, François Molins, said that although they believed so, the police were actually after other suspects attempting to avoid an identity check. Molins and Interior Minister
Nicolas SarkozyNicolas Sarkozy is the 23rd and current President of the French Republic and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra. He assumed the office on 16 May 2007 after defeating the Socialist Party candidate Ségolène Royal 10 days earlier....
maintained that the dead teenagers had not been "physically pursued" by the police. This is disputed by some:
The AustralianThe Australian is a broadsheet newspaper published in Australia from Monday to Saturday each week since 14 July 1964. The editor in chief is Chris Mitchell, the editor is Clive Mathieson and the 'editor-at-large' is Paul Kelly....
reports, "Despite denials by police officials and Sarkozy and de Villepin, friends of the boys said they were being pursued by police after a false accusation of burglary and that they "feared interrogation".
This event ignited pre-existing tensions. Protesters told
The Associated PressThe Associated Press is an American news agency. The AP is a cooperative owned by its contributing newspapers, radio and television stations in the United States, which both contribute stories to the AP and use material written by its staff journalists...
the unrest was an expression of frustration with high unemployment and police harassment and brutality. "People are joining together to say we've had enough", said one protester. "We live in
ghettoA ghetto is a section of a city predominantly occupied by a group who live there, especially because of social, economic, or legal issues.The term was originally used in Venice to describe the area where Jews were compelled to live. The term now refers to an overcrowded urban area often associated...
s. Everyone lives in fear." The rioters' suburbs are also home to a large, mostly North African, immigrant population, allegedly adding religious tensions, which some right-wing commentators believed contribute further to such frustrations. However, according to Pascal Mailhos, head of the
Renseignements Généraux (French intelligence agency) radical Islamism had no influence over the 2005 civil unrest in France.
Context
Commenting other demonstrations in Paris a few months later, the
BBCThe British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. Its headquarters is at Broadcasting House in the City of Westminster, London. It is the largest broadcaster in the world, with about 23,000 staff...
summarised reasons behind the events included youth unemployment and lack of opportunities in France's poorest communities. This is still a trend occurring in French suburbs today.
The head of the
Direction centrale des renseignements générauxThe Direction Centrale des Renseignements Généraux , often called Renseignements Généraux , was the intelligence service of the French police, answerable to the Direction Générale de la Police Nationale , and, ultimately, the Ministry of the Interior...
found no Islamic factor in the riots, while the
New York Times reported on 5 November 2005 that "majority of the youths committing the acts are Muslim, and of African or North African origin" local youths adding that "many children of native French have also taken part."
The BBC reported that French society's negative perceptions of
IslamIslam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
and social discrimination of immigrants had alienated some French Muslims and may have been a factor in the causes of the riots; "Islam is seen as the biggest challenge to the country's
secularSecularism is the principle of separation between government institutions and the persons mandated to represent the State from religious institutions and religious dignitaries...
model in the past 100 years". It reported that there was a "huge well of fury and resentment among the children of North African and African immigrants in the suburbs of French cities". However, the editorial also questioned whether or not such alarm is justified, citing that France's Muslim ghettos are not hotbeds of
separatismSeparatism is the advocacy of a state of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separation from the larger group. While it often refers to full political secession, separatist groups may seek nothing more than greater autonomy...
and that "the suburbs are full of people desperate to integrate into the wider society."
There is a common perception, especially among foreigners and descendants of the recent waves of immigration, that French society has long made a practice of hiding, or at least whitewashing, its numerous signs and symptoms of
racismRacism is the belief that inherent different traits in human racial groups justify discrimination. In the modern English language, the term "racism" is used predominantly as a pejorative epithet. It is applied especially to the practice or advocacy of racial discrimination of a pernicious nature...
,
xenophobiaXenophobia is defined as "an unreasonable fear of foreigners or strangers or of that which is foreign or strange". It comes from the Greek words ξένος , meaning "stranger," "foreigner" and φόβος , meaning "fear."...
and
classismClassism is prejudice or discrimination on the basis of social class. It includes individual attitudes and behaviors, systems of policies and practices that are set up to benefit the upper classes at the expense of the lower classes...
, by all accounts at least equal in intensity to those in other European countries. Racial and social discrimination against people with "typically" African phenotypes or Arabic and/or African-sounding names has been cited as a major cause of unhappiness in the areas affected. According to the BBC, "Those who live there say that when they go for a job, as soon as they give their name as "Mamadou" and say they live in Clichy-sous-Bois, they are immediately told that the vacancy has been taken." The nonprofit organization
SOS RacismeSOS Racisme is a French anti-racist NGO, founded in 1984. Its Spanish counterpart, SOS Racismo, is based in Barcelona.-Activities:SOS Racisme's main goal is to fight racial discrimination. Often the plaintiff in discrimination trials, the organization also offers support to immigrants and racial...
, associated with the French Socialist Party (PS), said that after they sent identical curriculum vitae (CVs) to French companies with European- and African or Muslim-sounding names attached, they found CVs with African or Muslim sounding names were systematically discarded. In addition, they have claimed widespread use of markings indicating ethnicity in employers' databases and that discrimination is more widespread for those with college degrees than for those without.
Assessment of rioting
Assessments of the extent of violence and damage that occurred during the riots are under way. Figures may be incomplete or inaccurate. Some French media sources, including
France 3France 3 is the second largest French public television channel and part of the France Télévisions group, which also includes France 2, France 4, France 5, and France Ô....
, have decided not to report the extent of damage to avoid any risk of inflaming the situation.
Summary statistics
- Started: 17:20 on Thursday, 27 October 2005 in Clichy-sous-Bois.
- Towns affected: 274 (on 7 November)
- Property damage: 8,973 vehicles (Not including buildings).
- Monetary damage: Estimated at €200 Million.
- Arrests: 2,888
- Deaths: 2 (Salah Gaham
Salah Gaham was a French concierge who died during the civil unrest in France, in 2005.- Life :Salah Gaham was born on 27 August 1971 in the Algerian city of Annaba. After his birth, his family moved to Vesoul , France. Soon after, Salah found a job in the area of Planoise and moved to Besançon...
and Jean-Jacques Le Chenadec)
- Police and firefighters injured: 126
Figures and tables
Note: In the table and charts, events reported as occurring during a night and the following morning are listed as occurring on the day of the morning. The timeline article does the opposite.
]]
| |
day |
No. of vehicles burned |
arrests |
extent of riots |
sources |
| 1. |
Friday 28 October 2005 |
NA |
27 |
Clichy-sous-Bois Clichy-sous-Bois is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. The vast majority of its population is made up of Muslims of North African heritage . It is located from the centre of Paris.-Geography:The commune has an area of with of woods...
|
http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/10/31/news/france.php |
| 2. |
Saturday 29 October 2005 |
29 |
14 |
Clichy-sous-Bois |
http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20051029/wl_afp/franceriotpolice |
| 3. |
Sunday 30 October 2005 |
30 |
19 |
Clichy-sous-Bois |
http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,1604595,00.html |
| 4. |
Monday 31 October 2005 |
NA |
NA |
Clichy-sous-Bois, Montfermeil Montfermeil is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris.Montfermeil is famous as the location of Thénardier's inn in Les Misérables. It has made the headlines due to troubles in its social estate called "les...
|
|
| 5. |
Tuesday 1 November 2005 |
69 |
NA |
Seine-Saint-Denis- Culture :A number of hip hop artists come from the Seine-Saint-Denis, including one of the first major hip-hop groups in France, NTM, as well as Lord Kossity, or more recent acts such as Tandem or Sefyu.- Miscellaneous topics :...
|
http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,174227,00.html |
| 6. |
Wednesday 2 November 2005 |
40 |
NA |
Seine-Saint-Denis, Seine-et-Marne Seine-et-Marne is a French department, named after the Seine and Marne rivers, and located in the Île-de-France region.- History:Seine-et-Marne is one of the original 83 departments, created on March 4, 1790 during the French Revolution in application of the law of December 22, 1789...
, Val-de-MarneVal-de-Marne is a French department, named after the Marne River, located in the Île-de-France region. The department is situated to the southeast of the city of Paris.- Geography :...
Val-d'OiseVal-d'Oise is a French department, created in 1968 after the split of the Seine-et-Oise department and located in the Île-de-France region. In local slang, it is known as "quatre-vingt quinze" or "neuf cinq"...
, Hauts-de-SeineHauts-de-Seine is designated number 92 of the 101 départements in France. It is part of the Île-de-France region, and covers the western inner suburbs of Paris...
|
|
| 7. |
Thursday 3 November 2005 |
315 |
29 |
Île-de-France Île-de-France is the wealthiest and most populated of the twenty-two administrative regions of France, composed mostly of the Paris metropolitan area....
, DijonDijon is a city in eastern France, the capital of the Côte-d'Or département and of the Burgundy region.Dijon is the historical capital of the region of Burgundy. Population : 151,576 within the city limits; 250,516 for the greater Dijon area....
, RouenRouen , in northern France on the River Seine, is the capital of the Haute-Normandie region and the historic capital city of Normandy. Once one of the largest and most prosperous cities of medieval Europe , it was the seat of the Exchequer of Normandy in the Middle Ages...
, Bouches-du-RhôneBouches-du-Rhône is a department in the south of France named after the mouth of the Rhône River. It is the most populous department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its INSEE and postal code is 13.-History of the department:...
, PlanoisePlanoise is a fairly recently developed area of Besançon , built in the 1960s and located to the west of the city, between the hill of Planoise and the district of Hauts-de-Chazal. With 21,000 inhabitants it is the most populous district of the city...
(one death) |
http://permanent.nouvelobs.com/societe/20051104.FAP3932.html?1733 |
| 8. |
Friday 4 November 2005 |
596 |
78 |
Île-de-France, Dijon, Rouen, Marseille |
http://permanent.nouvelobs.com/societe/20051104.FAP3932.html?1733 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4405620.stm |
| 9. |
Saturday 5 November 2005 |
897 |
253 |
Île-de-France, Rouen, Dijon, Marseille, ÉvreuxÉvreux is a commune in the Eure department, of which it is the capital, in Haute Normandie in northern France.-History:In late Antiquity, the town, attested in the fourth century CE, was named Mediolanum Aulercorum, "the central town of the Aulerci", the Gallic tribe then inhabiting the area...
, RoubaixRoubaix is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. It is located between the cities of Lille and Tourcoing.The Gare de Roubaix railway station offers connections to Lille, Tourcoing, Antwerp, Ostend and Paris.-Culture:...
, TourcoingTourcoing is a city in northern France. It is designated municipally as a commune within the département of Nord.Tourcoing is situated near the cities of Lille and Roubaix and the Belgian border.-Main sights:...
, HemTo hem a piece of cloth is to sew a cut edge in such a way as to prevent unraveling of the fabric.There are many different styles of hems of varying complexities. The most common hem...
, StrasbourgStrasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
, RennesRennes is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern France. Rennes is the capital of the region of Brittany, as well as the Ille-et-Vilaine department.-History:...
, NantesNantes is a city in western France, located on the Loire River, from the Atlantic coast. The city is the 6th largest in France, while its metropolitan area ranks 8th with over 800,000 inhabitants....
, NiceNice is the fifth most populous city in France, after Paris, Marseille, Lyon and Toulouse, with a population of 348,721 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of more than 955,000 on an area of...
, ToulouseToulouse is a city in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern FranceIt lies on the banks of the River Garonne, 590 km away from Paris and half-way between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea...
, BordeauxBordeaux is a port city on the Garonne River in the Gironde department in southwestern France.The Bordeaux-Arcachon-Libourne metropolitan area, has a population of 1,010,000 and constitutes the sixth-largest urban area in France. It is the capital of the Aquitaine region, as well as the prefecture...
, Pau, LilleLille is a city in northern France . It is the principal city of the Lille Métropole, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the country behind those of Paris, Lyon and Marseille. Lille is situated on the Deûle River, near France's border with Belgium...
|
http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3226,36-707066@51-704172,0.html http://www.france-echos.com/actualite.php?cle=7518 |
| 10. |
Sunday 6 November 2005 |
1,295 |
312 |
Île-de-France, Nord, Eure Eure is a department in the north of France named after the river Eure.- History :Eure is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790...
, Eure-et-LoirEure-et-Loir is a French department, named after the Eure and Loir rivers.-History:Eure-et-Loir is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790 pursuant to the Act of December 22, 1789...
, Haute-GaronneHaute-Garonne is a department in the southwest of France named after the Garonne river. Its main city is Toulouse.-History:Haute-Garonne is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. It was created from part of the former province of Languedoc.The...
, Loire-AtlantiqueLoire-Atlantique is a department on the west coast of France named after the Loire River and the Atlantic Ocean.-History:...
, EssonneEssonne is a French department in the region of Île-de-France. It is named after the Essonne River.It was formed on 1 January 1968 when Seine-et-Oise was split into smaller departments.- History :...
. |
http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3226,36-707066@51-704172,0.html |
| 11. |
Monday 7 November 2005 |
1,408 |
395 |
274 towns in total. Île-de-France, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Midi-PyrénéesMidi-Pyrénées is the largest region of metropolitan France by area, larger than the Netherlands or Denmark.Midi-Pyrénées has no historical or geographical unity...
, Rhône-AlpesRhône-Alpes is one of the 27 regions of France, located on the eastern border of the country, towards the south. The region was named after the Rhône River and the Alps mountain range. Its capital, Lyon, is the second-largest metropolitan area in France after Paris...
, AlsaceAlsace is the fifth-smallest of the 27 regions of France in land area , and the smallest in metropolitan France. It is also the seventh-most densely populated region in France and third most densely populated region in metropolitan France, with ca. 220 inhabitants per km²...
, Franche-ComtéFranche-Comté the former "Free County" of Burgundy, as distinct from the neighbouring Duchy, is an administrative region and a traditional province of eastern France...
. |
http://permanent.nouvelobs.com/societe/20051106.OBS4325.html http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/6727FE6C-C8E3-491A-B272-A902E3F3F500.htm http://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/11/07/france.riots/index.html |
| 12. |
Tuesday 8 November 2005 |
1,173 |
330 |
Paris region, Lille, Auxerre Auxerre is a commune in the Bourgogne region in north-central France, between Paris and Dijon. It is the capital of the Yonne department.Auxerre's population today is about 45,000...
, Toulouse, Alsace, Lorraine, Franche-Comté, AngersAngers is the main city in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France about south-west of Paris. Angers is located in the French region known by its pre-revolutionary, provincial name, Anjou, and its inhabitants are called Angevins....
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http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-706693,36-707659@51-704172,0.html http://www.forbes.com/home/feeds/afx/2005/11/08/afx2323455.html http://today.reuters.com/business/newsarticle.aspx?type=tnBusinessNews&storyID=nL08772457&imageid=2005-11-07T215351Z_01_TOU02D_RTRIDSP_2_FRANCE-RIOTS.jpg&cap=A%20suburban%20bus%20burns%20in%20Reynerie,%20near%20the%20southwestern%20city%20of%20Toulouse,%20after%20youths%20set%20fire%20to%20it%20and%20three%20cars%20on%20the%2012th%20night%20of%20violence%20November%207,%202005.%20France%20announced%20plans%20on%20Monday%20to%20impose%20curfews%20on%20rundown%20suburbs%20hit%20by%20violence%20to%20try%20to%20halt%20almost%20two%20weeks%20of%20unrest%20in%20which%20one%20man%20has%20been%20killed%20and%20thousands%20of%20cars%20have%20been%20torched.%20REUTERS/Stringer] |
>
13. |
Wednesday 9 November 2005 |
617 |
280 |
116 towns in total. Paris region, Toulouse, Rhône Rhône is a French department located in the central Eastern region of Rhône-Alpes. It is named after the Rhône River.- History :The Rhône department was created on August 12, 1793 when the former département of Rhône-et-Loire was split into two departments: Rhône and Loire.Originally, the eastern...
, GirondeFor the Revolutionary party, see Girondists.Gironde is a common name for the Gironde estuary, where the mouths of the Garonne and Dordogne rivers merge, and for a department in the Aquitaine region situated in southwest France.-History:...
, ArrasArras is the capital of the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France. The historic centre of the Artois region, its local speech is characterized as a Picard dialect...
, Grasse-See also:*Route Napoléon*Ancient Diocese of Grasse*Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department-External links:*...
, DoleDole is a commune in the Jura department in the Franche-Comté region in eastern France, of which it is a subprefecture ....
, BassensBassens is the name of two communes in France:* Bassens, Gironde, in the Gironde département* Bassens, Savoie, in the Savoie département...
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http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-706693,36-708075@51-704172,0.htmlhttp://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/11/09/france.riots/index.html
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4419770.stmhttp://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-11/09/content_3756065.htm http://www.breitbart.com/news/2005/11/08/D8DON2L00.html |
| 14. |
Thursday 10 November 2005 |
482 |
203 |
Toulouse, Belfort |
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4423584.stm http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=worldNews&storyID=2005-11-10T073440Z_01_HO756911_RTRUKOC_0_UK-FRANCE-RIOTS1.xml&archived=False
http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3226,36-708638@51-704172,0.html |
| 15. |
Friday 11 November 2005 |
463 |
201 |
Toulouse, Lille, Lyon, Strasbourg, Marseille |
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/11/10/ap/world/mainD8DPR93GD.shtml |
| 16. |
Saturday 12 November 2005 |
502 |
206 |
NA |
http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3226,36-709528@51-704172,0.html |
| 17. |
Sunday 13 November 2005 |
374 |
212 |
Lyon, Toulouse, Carpentras, Dunkirk, Amiens, Grenoble |
:fr:Violences urbaines de 2005 en banlieue française#Bilan des journées passées |
| 18. |
Monday 14 November 2005 |
284 |
115 |
Toulouse, Faches-Thumesnil, Halluin, Grenoble |
http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=126&art_id=qw1131954841633B216 |
| 19. |
Tuesday 15 November 2005 |
215 |
71 |
Saint-Chamond, Bourges |
http://www.nzz.ch/2005/11/15/al/newzzEG1PY5DF-12.html
http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-706693,36-710208@51-707207,0.html |
| 20. |
Wednesday 16 November 2005 |
163 |
50 |
Paris region, Arras, Brest, Vitry-le-François, Romans-sur-Isère |
http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3226,36-710597@51-704172,0.html http://www.nzz.ch/2005/11/16/al/newzzEG35LKJD-12.html |
| TOTAL |
20 nights |
8,973 |
2,888 |
|
|
" policy towards urban violence after the fourth night of riots and announced that 17 companies of riot police (
The families of the two youths killed, after refusing to meet with Sarkozy, met with Prime Minister
.
, delegate minister for the promotion of equal opportunity, criticized Sarkozy for the latter's use of "imprecise, warlike semantics", while
, a term considered by some to bear implicit racial and ethnic resonances) by the Interior Minister, Sarkozy; she also called for the creation of a Parliamentary commission to investigate the circumstances of the death of the two young people, which ignited the riots.
on 8 November. The same day,
, a famous Football player and member of the Higher Council for Integration, blamed Sarkozy. He explained that
and unemployment were at the root of the problem. On 9 November 2005, Nicolas Sarkozy issued an order to deport foreigners convicted of involvement, provoking concerns from the left-wing. He told parliament that 120 foreigners, "not all of whom are here illegally" — had been called in by police and accused of taking part in the nightly attacks. "I have asked the prefects to deport them from our national territory without delay, including those who have a residency visa", he said. The far-right French politician
agreed, stating that naturalized French rioters should have their citizenship revoked. The
, a magistrate trade-union, criticized Sarkozy's attempts to make believe that most rioters were foreigners, whereas the huge majority of them were French citizens. A demonstration against the expulsion of all foreign rioters and demanding the end of the state of emergency was called for on 15 November in Paris by left-wing and human rights organizations.
On 20 November 2005, Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin announced tightened controls on immigration: Authorities will increase enforcement of requirements that immigrants seeking 10-year residency permits or French citizenship master the French language and integrate into society. Chirac's government also plans to crack down on fraudulent marriages that some immigrants use to acquire residency rights and launch a stricter screening process for foreign students. Anti-racism groups widely opposed the measures, saying that greater government scrutiny of immigrants could stir up racism and racist acts and that energy and money was best deployed for other uses than chasing an ultra-minority of fraudsters.
An extra 2,600 police were drafted on 6 November. On 7 November, French premier, Dominique de Villepin, announced on the TF1 television channel the deployment of 18,000 police officers, supported by a 1,500 strong reserve. Sarkozy also suspended eight police officers for beating up someone they had arrested after TV displayed the images of this act of
and one of France's leading TV news executives, admitted to self censoring the coverage of the riots in the country for fear of encouraging support for far-right politicians; while public television station
stopped reporting the numbers of torched cars, apparently in order not to encourage "record making" between delinquent groups.
Foreign news coverage was criticized by president Chirac as showing in some cases
, no death casualties being reported during the unrest itself – although it had begun after the deaths of two youth pursued by the police.
In the aftermath of the rioting there was a backlash against French rappers and
artists, almost all of whom were of North African Arab heritage. These groups were accused of inciting the youth of the banlieues to riot. After the riots, two hundred French parliament members called for legal action against several French rappers, accusing them of inciting the violence .