198 BC

• After his election to the consul
  Consul
  -Ancient Rome:During the time of ancient Rome as a Republic, the consuls were the highest civil and military magistrates, serving as the heads of government for the Republic. New consuls were elected every year. There were two consuls, and they ruled together...
  
  ship, Titus Quinctius Flamininus
  Titus Quinctius Flamininus
  Titus Quinctius Flamininus was a Roman politician and general instrumental in the Roman conquest of Greece.Member of the gens Quinctia, and brother to Lucius Quinctius Flamininus, he served as a military tribune in the Second Punic war and in 205 BC he was appointed propraetor in Tarentum. He was...
  
   is chosen to replace Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus
  Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus
  Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus was a consul of Rome in 211 BC, when he defended the city against the surprise attack by Hannibal.He was proconsul in Greece from 210 to 206, conducting the First Macedonian War against Philip V of Macedon...
  
   as the leading Roman
  Roman Republic
  The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a republican form of government. It began with the overthrow of the Roman monarchy, c...
  
   general in Macedon
  Macedon
  Macedonia or Macedon was an ancient kingdom, centered in the northeastern part of the Greek peninsula, bordered by Epirus to the west, Paionia to the north, the region of Thrace to the east and Thessaly to the south...
  
  ia. He then crosses into Macedonia with his army. Flamininus realizes that future peace depends on breaking the power of king Philip V of Macedon
  Philip V of Macedon
  Philip V was King of Macedon from 221 BC to 179 BC. Philip's reign was principally marked by an unsuccessful struggle with the emerging power of Rome.-Early life:...
  
  , not merely humbling him. He secures the backing of the Achaean League
  Achaean League
  The Achaean League was a Hellenistic era confederation of Greek city states , on the northern and central Peloponnese, named after the Homeric Achaeans or rather the league that existed with the same name in the NW region of Achaea of unknown time of foundation.The regional Achaean League was...
  
   and then opens peace negotiations with Philip at Nicaea
  Nicaea (Locris)
  Nicaea or Nikaia , was an ancient fortress of the Locri Epicnemidii, situated upon the sea, and close to the pass of Thermopylae. It is described by Aeschines as one of the places which commanded the pass. It was the first Locrian town after Alpenos, the latter being at the very entrance of the pass...
  
   in Locris
  Locris
  Locris was a region of ancient Greece, the homeland of the Locrians, made up of two districts...
  
  . Though peace proposals are submitted to the Roman Senate
  Roman Senate
  The Senate of the Roman Republic was a political institution in the ancient Roman Republic. According to the Greek historian Polybius, our principal source on the Constitution of the Roman Republic, the Roman Senate was the predominant branch of government...
  
  , the talks break down, and fighting resumes.
• Titus Quinctius Flamininus' forces manage to push Philip V out of most of Greece
  Ancient Greece
  Ancient Greece is the civilisation belonging to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca. 1100 BC and the Dorian invasion, to 146 BC and the Roman conquest of Greece after the Battle of Corinth. It is generally considered to be the seminal culture which provided the...
  
  , except for a few fortresses.

Roman Republic

• After his election to the consul
  Consul
  -Ancient Rome:During the time of ancient Rome as a Republic, the consuls were the highest civil and military magistrates, serving as the heads of government for the Republic. New consuls were elected every year. There were two consuls, and they ruled together...
  
  ship, Titus Quinctius Flamininus
  Titus Quinctius Flamininus
  Titus Quinctius Flamininus was a Roman politician and general instrumental in the Roman conquest of Greece.Member of the gens Quinctia, and brother to Lucius Quinctius Flamininus, he served as a military tribune in the Second Punic war and in 205 BC he was appointed propraetor in Tarentum. He was...
  
   is chosen to replace Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus
  Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus
  Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus was a consul of Rome in 211 BC, when he defended the city against the surprise attack by Hannibal.He was proconsul in Greece from 210 to 206, conducting the First Macedonian War against Philip V of Macedon...
  
   as the leading Roman
  Roman Republic
  The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a republican form of government. It began with the overthrow of the Roman monarchy, c...
  
   general in Macedon
  Macedon
  Macedonia or Macedon was an ancient kingdom, centered in the northeastern part of the Greek peninsula, bordered by Epirus to the west, Paionia to the north, the region of Thrace to the east and Thessaly to the south...
  
  ia. He then crosses into Macedonia with his army. Flamininus realizes that future peace depends on breaking the power of king Philip V of Macedon
  Philip V of Macedon
  Philip V was King of Macedon from 221 BC to 179 BC. Philip's reign was principally marked by an unsuccessful struggle with the emerging power of Rome.-Early life:...
  
  , not merely humbling him. He secures the backing of the Achaean League
  Achaean League
  The Achaean League was a Hellenistic era confederation of Greek city states , on the northern and central Peloponnese, named after the Homeric Achaeans or rather the league that existed with the same name in the NW region of Achaea of unknown time of foundation.The regional Achaean League was...
  
   and then opens peace negotiations with Philip at Nicaea
  Nicaea (Locris)
  Nicaea or Nikaia , was an ancient fortress of the Locri Epicnemidii, situated upon the sea, and close to the pass of Thermopylae. It is described by Aeschines as one of the places which commanded the pass. It was the first Locrian town after Alpenos, the latter being at the very entrance of the pass...
  
   in Locris
  Locris
  Locris was a region of ancient Greece, the homeland of the Locrians, made up of two districts...
  
  . Though peace proposals are submitted to the Roman Senate
  Roman Senate
  The Senate of the Roman Republic was a political institution in the ancient Roman Republic. According to the Greek historian Polybius, our principal source on the Constitution of the Roman Republic, the Roman Senate was the predominant branch of government...
  
  , the talks break down, and fighting resumes.
• Titus Quinctius Flamininus' forces manage to push Philip V out of most of Greece
  Ancient Greece
  Ancient Greece is the civilisation belonging to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca. 1100 BC and the Dorian invasion, to 146 BC and the Roman conquest of Greece after the Battle of Corinth. It is generally considered to be the seminal culture which provided the...
  
  , except for a few fortresses. He then defeats Philip V in the Battle of the Aous
  Battle of the Aous
  The Battle of the Aous was fought in 198 BC between Rome and Macedon, at or near modern Tepelenë in Albania. The Roman force was led by Titus Quinctius Flamininus and the Macedonians were led by Philip V. Flamininus won the battle, and the two commanders would meet again at Cynoscephalae the next...
  
  , near modern Tepelenë
  Tepelenë (town)
  Tepelenë is the principal settlement in the eponymous Tepelenë District of southern Albania. It is located on the left bank of the Vjosë river, about three kilometres downstream from its union with the Drino...
  
   in Albania
  Albania
  Albania , officially the Republic of Albania , is a Mediterranean country in South Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Montenegro to the north, Kosovo to the northeast, Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south-east...
  
  .

Seleucid Empire

• The Battle of Panium
  Battle of Panium
  The Battle of Panium was fought in 198 BC between Seleucid and Ptolemaic forces as part of the Syrian Wars. The Seleucids were led by Antiochus III the Great, while the Ptolemaic army was led by Scopas of Aetolia. The Seleucids won the battle...
  
   is fought between Seleucid forces led by Antiochus III
  Antiochus III the Great
  Antiochus III the Great, , younger son of Seleucus II Callinicus, became the 6th ruler of the Seleucid Empire as a youth of about eighteen in 223 BC. Ascending the throne at young age, Antiochus was an ambitious ruler...
  
   and Ptolemaic
  Ptolemaic dynasty
  The Ptolemaic dynasty was a Greek royal family which ruled the Ptolemaic Empire in Egypt during the Hellenistic period...
  
   forces led by Scopas of Aetolia
  Aetolia
  Aetolia is a mountainous region of Greece on the north coast of the Gulf of Corinth, forming the eastern part of the modern prefecture of Aetolia-Acarnania.-Geography:...
  
  . The Seleucids win the battle which allows Antiochus III to obtain entire possession of Palestine
  Palestine
  Palestine is a conventional name used, among others, to describe a geographic region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River, and various adjoining lands.As a geographical term, Palestine can also refer to 'ancient Palestine,' an area...
  
   and Coele-Syria
  Coele-Syria
  Coele-Syria, traditionally given the meaning 'hollow' Syria, was the region of southern Syria disputed between the Seleucid dynasty and the Ptolemaic dynasty. Rather than limiting the Greek term to the Beqaa Valley of Lebanon, it is often used to cover the entire area south of the river Eleutherus...
  
   from King Ptolemy V
  Ptolemy V Epiphanes
  Ptolemy V Epiphanes , son of Ptolemy IV Philopator and Arsinoe III of Egypt, was the 5th ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty. He became ruler at the age of five, and under a series of regents the kingdom was paralyzed.Ptolemy Epiphanes was only a small boy when his father, Ptolemy Philopator, died...
  
   of Egypt
  Ancient Egypt
  Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. The civilization coalesced around 3150 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh, and...
  
  . Though the Romans send ambassadors to Ptolemy V, they are unable to lend him any serious assistance against Antiochus III.
• In the resulting peace, Antiochus III agrees to give his daughter Cleopatra
  Cleopatra I of Egypt
  Cleopatra I Syra , c. 204–176 BC was a queen of Ptolemaic Egypt, the daughter of Antiochus III and Laodice III. She married Ptolemy V in 193 BC...
  
   in marriage to Ptolemy V.

China

• Following the defeat of the Han
  Han
  -China:* China , an abbreviation or adjectival modifier for things Chinese* Han Chinese , the dominant majority ethnic group of China and overseas Chinese...
  
   at the hands of the Xiongnu
  Xiongnu
  The Xiongnu were a confederation of nomadic tribes from Central Asia with a ruling class of unknown origin and other subjugated tribes. The bulk of information on the Xiongnu comes from Chinese sources. What little is known of their titles and names comes from Chinese transliterations from their...
  
   at Baideng in 200 BC
  200 BC
  -Seleucid Empire:* Antiochus III's forces continue their invasion of Coele Syria and Palestine.-Greece:* Philip V of Macedon's fleet defeat the Rhodians at Lade...
  
  , courtier Liu Jing
  Liu Jing
  Liu Jing may refer to:*Liu Jing , politician of PRC*Liu Jing *Liu Jing , Chinese hurdler*Liu Jing , Chinese middle distance runner...
  
   (劉敬) is dispatched by Han emperor Gaozu
  Gaozu
  Gaozu can be the name of the following Chinese emperors:*Emperor Gaozu of Han *Emperor Gaozu of Tang...
  
   for negotiations. The peace settlement eventually reached between the parties includes a Han princess given in marriage to the chanyu (called heqin
  Heqin
  Heqin was a term used in ancient China for an alliance by marriage. It usually referred to the Chinese Emperor marrying off a "princess" to an aggressive "barbarian" chieftain or ruler. The theory was that in exchange for the marriage, the chieftain would cease all aggressive actions toward China...
  
   和親 or "harmonious kinship"); periodic tribute of silk
  Silk
  Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons made by the larvae of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori reared in captivity...
  
  , liquor and rice
  Rice
  Rice is the seed of a monocot plant Oryza sativa, of the grass family . As a cereal grain, it is the most important staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in East, South, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Latin America, and the West Indies...
  
   to the Xiongnu; equal status between the states; and the Great Wall as mutual border. This treaty sets the pattern for relations between the Han and the Xiongnu for some sixty years.