The
Supernova Cosmology Project is one of two research teams that determined the likelihood of an
accelerating universeThe accelerating universe is the observation that the universe appears to be expanding at an increasing rate. In 1998 observations of Type Ia supernovae suggested that the expansion of the universe is accelerating since around redshift of z~0.5....
and therefore a positive
Cosmological constantIn physical cosmology, the cosmological constant was proposed by Albert Einstein as a modification of his original theory of general relativity to achieve a stationary universe...
. This discovery was named "Breakthrough of the Year for 1998" by
Science MagazineScience is the academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and is considered one of the world's most prestigious scientific journals. The peer-reviewed journal, first published in 1880 is circulated weekly and has a print subscriber base of around 130,000...
and, along with the
High-z Supernova Search TeamThe High-z Supernova Search Team was an international cosmology collaboration which used Type Ia Supernovae to chart the expansion of the Universe. The team was formed in 1994 by Brian P. Schmidt, then a post-doctoral research associate at Harvard University, and Nicholas B. Suntzeff, a staff...
, the project team won the
Gruber Prize in CosmologyThe Gruber Prize in Cosmology is one of five, international awards made by the Peter and Patricia Gruber Foundation, an American non-profit organization based in the U.S. Virgin Islands with offices in New York City...
in 2007.
The project uses data from the
redshiftIn physics and astronomy, redshift occurs when electromagnetic radiation—usually visible light—emitted or reflected by an object is shifted towards the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum due to the Doppler effect or other gravitationally-induced effects...
of
Type Ia supernovaA Type Ia supernova is a sub-category of cataclysmic variable stars that results from the violent explosion of a white dwarf star. A white dwarf is the remnant of a star that has completed its normal life cycle and has ceased nuclear fusion...
e.
The project is mainly based at
Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryThe Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory conducting unclassified scientific research. It is located on the grounds of the University of California, Berkeley, in the Berkeley Hills above the central campus. It is managed and...
. The international team with 31 members from
AustraliaAustralia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the continental mainland , the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans...
,
ChileChile, officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
,
FranceFrance , officially the French Republic , is a country located in Western Europe, with several overseas islands and territories located on other continents. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean...
,
SpainSpain , officially the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.
[The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though España , Estado español and Nación española are used interchangeably...]
,
SwedenSweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe...
, UK and USA is headed by
Saul PerlmutterSaul Perlmutter is an astrophysicist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. , and was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2003...
.
The team members listed by the 2007 Gruber Prize in Cosmology are:
- Saul Perlmutter
Saul Perlmutter is an astrophysicist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. , and was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2003...
, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Gregory Aldering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Brian J.
Discussion
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The
Supernova Cosmology Project is one of two research teams that determined the likelihood of an
accelerating universeThe accelerating universe is the observation that the universe appears to be expanding at an increasing rate. In 1998 observations of Type Ia supernovae suggested that the expansion of the universe is accelerating since around redshift of z~0.5....
and therefore a positive
Cosmological constantIn physical cosmology, the cosmological constant was proposed by Albert Einstein as a modification of his original theory of general relativity to achieve a stationary universe...
. This discovery was named "Breakthrough of the Year for 1998" by
Science MagazineScience is the academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and is considered one of the world's most prestigious scientific journals. The peer-reviewed journal, first published in 1880 is circulated weekly and has a print subscriber base of around 130,000...
and, along with the
High-z Supernova Search TeamThe High-z Supernova Search Team was an international cosmology collaboration which used Type Ia Supernovae to chart the expansion of the Universe. The team was formed in 1994 by Brian P. Schmidt, then a post-doctoral research associate at Harvard University, and Nicholas B. Suntzeff, a staff...
, the project team won the
Gruber Prize in CosmologyThe Gruber Prize in Cosmology is one of five, international awards made by the Peter and Patricia Gruber Foundation, an American non-profit organization based in the U.S. Virgin Islands with offices in New York City...
in 2007.
The project uses data from the
redshiftIn physics and astronomy, redshift occurs when electromagnetic radiation—usually visible light—emitted or reflected by an object is shifted towards the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum due to the Doppler effect or other gravitationally-induced effects...
of
Type Ia supernovaA Type Ia supernova is a sub-category of cataclysmic variable stars that results from the violent explosion of a white dwarf star. A white dwarf is the remnant of a star that has completed its normal life cycle and has ceased nuclear fusion...
e.
The project is mainly based at
Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryThe Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory conducting unclassified scientific research. It is located on the grounds of the University of California, Berkeley, in the Berkeley Hills above the central campus. It is managed and...
. The international team with 31 members from
AustraliaAustralia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the continental mainland , the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans...
,
ChileChile, officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
,
FranceFrance , officially the French Republic , is a country located in Western Europe, with several overseas islands and territories located on other continents. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean...
,
SpainSpain , officially the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.
[The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though España , Estado español and Nación española are used interchangeably...]
,
SwedenSweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe...
, UK and USA is headed by
Saul PerlmutterSaul Perlmutter is an astrophysicist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. , and was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2003...
.
Project Members
The team members listed by the 2007 Gruber Prize in Cosmology are:
- Saul Perlmutter
Saul Perlmutter is an astrophysicist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. , and was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2003...
, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Gregory Aldering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Brian J. Boyle, Australia Telescope National Facility
The Australia Telescope National Facility is a division of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation of Australia, and is a government-operated research facility dedicated to radio astronomy.The ATNF operates:...
- Patricia G. Castro, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital and largest city of Portugal. It is also the seat of the district of Lisbon and the main city of the Lisbon region...
- Warrick Couch, Swinburne University of Technology
Swinburne University of Technology is an Australian public university based in Melbourne, Victoria. The University has six campuses in the state of Victoria, and one in Malaysia. Its foundation campus is located in the inner-eastern suburb of Hawthorn.Founded in 1908 by engineer and politician,...
- Susana Deustua, American Astronomical Society
The American Astronomical Society is a US society of professional astronomers and other interested individuals, headquartered in Washington, DC. The basic objective of the AAS is to promote the advancement of astronomy and closely related branches of science...
- Richard Ellis
Richard Ellis may refer to:*Richard Ellis , Caltech professor and former director of Palomar Observatory*Richard Ellis , marine biologist at American Museum of Natural History marine life artist...
, California Institute of TechnologyThe California Institute of Technology is a private research university located in Pasadena, California, United States. The Institute maintains a strong emphasis on the natural sciences and engineering, and operates and manages NASA's neighboring Jet Propulsion Laboratory...
- Sebastien Fabbro, Instituto Superior Técnico
The Instituto Superior Técnico is a Portuguese faculty of engineering and part of the Universidade Técnica de Lisboa...
, Lisbon
- Alexei Filippenko
Alexei Vladimir Filippenko is an American astrophysicist and professor of astronomy at the University of California, Berkeley. Filippenko received a Bachelor of Arts in physics from the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1979 and a Ph.D. in astronomy from the California Institute of...
, University of California, BerkeleyThe University of California, Berkeley is a public research university located in Berkeley, California, United States. The oldest of the ten major campuses affiliated with the University of California, Berkeley offers some 300 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines...
(also a member of the High-z team)
- Andrew Fruchter, Space Telescope Science Institute
The Space Telescope Science Institute is the science operations center for the Hubble Space Telescope and for the James Webb Space Telescope...
- Gerson Goldhaber
Gerson Goldhaber is an American particle physicist and astrophysicist. He is one of the discoverers of the D meson which confirmed the existence of the charm quark...
, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Ariel Goobar, University of Stockholm
- Donald Groom, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Isobel Hook, University of Oxford
The University of Oxford , located in the UK city of Oxford, is the oldest surviving university in the English-speaking world and is regarded as one of the world's leading academic institutions. Although the exact date of foundation remains unclear, there is evidence of teaching there as far back...
- Mike Irwin
Michael Irwin is director of the Cambridge Astronomical Survey Unit and one of the discoverers of the Cetus Dwarf galaxy and the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy....
, University of CambridgeThe University of Cambridge , located in the City of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom, is the second oldest university in the English-speaking world and the fourth oldest in Europe...
- Alex Kim, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Matthew Kim
- Robert Knop, Vanderbilt University
Vanderbilt University is a private research university in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. Founded in 1873, the university is named for shipping and rail magnate "Commodore" Cornelius Vanderbilt, who provided Vanderbilt its initial $1 million endowment despite having never been to the South...
- Julia C. Lee, Harvard University
Harvard University is a private university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts and a member of the Ivy League. Founded in 1636 by the colonial Massachusetts legislature, Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and currently comprises ten separate academic units...
- Chris Lidman, European Southern Observatory
The European Southern Observatory , is an intergovernmental research organization for astronomy, composed and supported by fourteen countries from Europe...
- Richard McMahon
Richard McMahon is an English pianist, music professor and Head of the Keyboard department of the Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama in Cardiff....
, University of Cambridge
- Thomas Matheson, NOAO Gemini Science Center
- Heidi Newberg, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, or RPI, is a private research university located in Troy, New York, United States.RPI was founded in 1824 by Stephen Van Rensselaer for the "application of science to the common purposes of life", and is the oldest technological university in the English-speaking...
- Peter Nugent
Peter Edward Nugent , Australian politician, was the Liberal Party member of parliament for the Division of Aston in the Australian House of Representatives from 1990 to 2001....
, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Nelson Nunes, University of Cambridge
- Reynald Pain, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris
Paris is the capital of France and the country's most populous city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
- Nino Panagia, Space Telescope Science Institute
- Carl Pennypacker, University of California, Berkeley
- Robert Quimby
Robert Quimby received his Ph.D. in Astronomy from the University of Texas at Austin. As a lead member of the Texas Supernova Survey, Quimby and his team used the relatively small 18-inch ROTSE-IIIb robotic telescope on McDonald Observatory’s Mount Fowlkes, along with a program he designed to track...
, The University of Texas
- Pilar Ruiz-Lapuente, University of Barcelona
The University of Barcelona is a public university located in the city of Barcelona, Catalonia in Spain. It is a member of the Coimbra Group and Joan Lluís Vives Institute.- History :...
- Brad Schaefer, Louisiana State University
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, most often referred to as Louisiana State University or LSU, is a public coeducational university located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The University was founded in 1853 near Pineville, Louisiana, under the name Louisiana State...
- Nicholas Walton, University of Cambridge
External links