Sir Peter Buckton
Encyclopedia
Sir Peter Buckton was an English
politician
, soldier
and knight
from the eponymous village of Buckton
near the town of Bridlington
in Yorkshire
. He was the High Sheriff of Yorkshire
for the year 1404 and was also a Member of Parliament
for Yorkshire
three times. In the latter years of his life he also held significant positions such as the Mayor of Bordeaux and Ambassador
to Castile
.
He was a supporter and friend of Henry IV of England
, before and after he became king. Present with him on crusades to Lithuania and Jerusalem as well as helping him land at Ravenspur, Holderness
after which Henry went on to become king.
Peter Buckton's family had been Lord of the Manor
at Buckton
in Holderness
, owning large property as early as 1290. The family was known locally for giving generously to the churches of the area. Buckton first gained notoriety fighting under the House of Plantagenet
in 1369, specificially John of Gaunt and Thomas of Woodstock during the Caroline War part of the Hundred Years' War
. He entered local administration in 1371 and became keeper
of Knaresborough Castle
, serving as warden to Richard II of England
, who knighted Buckton in 1383 for gallantry. Buckton became closely associated with Henry Bolingbroke helping to organise his crusades
to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
and Jerusalem, becoming one of Henry's most senior knights.
Buckton was elected knight of the shire (MP) for Yorkshire
in 1395, 1397 and 1404.
A friend of Buckton was the author and poet Geoffrey Chaucer
, who wrote The Canterbury Tales
. Chaucer immortalised him in the short poem, Lenvoy de Chaucer a Bukton written before October 1396; in which Chaucer humorously warns Buckton against marriage. Buckton assisted Henry Bolingbroke's landing at Ravenspur in Yorkshire on 4 July 1399, after Henry had been exiled due to his cousin Richard II. When Bolingbroke became Henry IV of England
, Buckton benefited significantly. He was made a life steward and steward of the king's son Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence
. He was also elevated to constable
of Knaresborough Castle. Buckton rose prominently in other areas office also, as he was appointed Justice of the Peace
for the East Riding of Yorkshire
between 1399 and 1400, followed by High Sheriff of Yorkshire
for 1404.
Buckton began to work for the monarchy in jobs outside of England for a while. In 1411 he traveled to
Castile
and was the English Ambassador
to John II of Castile
. The following year, for 1412 until 1413, he was made Mayor of Bordeaux in the Duchy of Aquitaine, as the city of Bordeaux
is the capital of Aquitaine this was a prominent position to hold. Buckton died in 1414, aged 64 and requested in his will to be buried at the Cistercian nunnery in Swine, East Riding of Yorkshire
.
English people
The English are a nation and ethnic group native to England, who speak English. The English identity is of early mediaeval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Anglecynn. England is now a country of the United Kingdom, and the majority of English people in England are British Citizens...
politician
Politician
A politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...
, soldier
Soldier
A soldier is a member of the land component of national armed forces; whereas a soldier hired for service in a foreign army would be termed a mercenary...
and knight
Knight
A knight was a member of a class of lower nobility in the High Middle Ages.By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior....
from the eponymous village of Buckton
Buckton
Buckton is a village, which is part of the civil parish of Bempton in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is near the North Sea coast, and about north of Bridlington...
near the town of Bridlington
Bridlington
Bridlington is a seaside resort, minor sea fishing port and civil parish on the Holderness Coast of the North Sea, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It has a static population of over 33,000, which rises considerably during the tourist season...
in Yorkshire
Yorkshire
Yorkshire is a historic county of northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom. Because of its great size in comparison to other English counties, functions have been increasingly undertaken over time by its subdivisions, which have also been subject to periodic reform...
. He was the High Sheriff of Yorkshire
High Sheriff of Yorkshire
The High Sheriff of Yorkshire was an ancient High Sheriff title originating in the time of the Angles, not long after the invasion of the Kingdom of England, which was in existence for around a thousand years. A list of the sheriffs from the Norman conquest onwards can be found below...
for the year 1404 and was also a Member of Parliament
Member of Parliament
A Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...
for Yorkshire
Yorkshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Yorkshire was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England from 1290, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832...
three times. In the latter years of his life he also held significant positions such as the Mayor of Bordeaux and Ambassador
Ambassador
An ambassador is the highest ranking diplomat who represents a nation and is usually accredited to a foreign sovereign or government, or to an international organization....
to Castile
Kingdom of Castile
Kingdom of Castile was one of the medieval kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula. It emerged as a political autonomous entity in the 9th century. It was called County of Castile and was held in vassalage from the Kingdom of León. Its name comes from the host of castles constructed in the region...
.
He was a supporter and friend of Henry IV of England
Henry IV of England
Henry IV was King of England and Lord of Ireland . He was the ninth King of England of the House of Plantagenet and also asserted his grandfather's claim to the title King of France. He was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, hence his other name, Henry Bolingbroke...
, before and after he became king. Present with him on crusades to Lithuania and Jerusalem as well as helping him land at Ravenspur, Holderness
Holderness
Holderness is an area of the East Riding of Yorkshire, on the east coast of England. An area of rich agricultural land, Holderness was marshland until it was drained in the Middle Ages. Topographically, Holderness has more in common with the Netherlands than other parts of Yorkshire...
after which Henry went on to become king.
Caroline War and Crusades
Lord of the Manor
The Lordship of a Manor is recognised today in England and Wales as a form of property and one of three elements of a manor that may exist separately or be combined and may be held in moieties...
at Buckton
Buckton
Buckton is a village, which is part of the civil parish of Bempton in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is near the North Sea coast, and about north of Bridlington...
in Holderness
Holderness
Holderness is an area of the East Riding of Yorkshire, on the east coast of England. An area of rich agricultural land, Holderness was marshland until it was drained in the Middle Ages. Topographically, Holderness has more in common with the Netherlands than other parts of Yorkshire...
, owning large property as early as 1290. The family was known locally for giving generously to the churches of the area. Buckton first gained notoriety fighting under the House of Plantagenet
House of Plantagenet
The House of Plantagenet , a branch of the Angevins, was a royal house founded by Geoffrey V of Anjou, father of Henry II of England. Plantagenet kings first ruled the Kingdom of England in the 12th century. Their paternal ancestors originated in the French province of Gâtinais and gained the...
in 1369, specificially John of Gaunt and Thomas of Woodstock during the Caroline War part of the Hundred Years' War
Hundred Years' War
The Hundred Years' War was a series of separate wars waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet, also known as the House of Anjou, for the French throne, which had become vacant upon the extinction of the senior Capetian line of French kings...
. He entered local administration in 1371 and became keeper
Keeper
-People:* Cyril Keeper , Canadian politician* Joe Keeper , Canadian long distance runner and Olympian* The Keeper of the Register, Keeper of the National Register of Historic Places* Gamekeeper* Lighthouse keeper* Museum curator...
of Knaresborough Castle
Knaresborough Castle
Knaresborough Castle is a ruined fortress overlooking the River Nidd in the town of Knaresborough, North Yorkshire, England.-History:The castle was first built by a Norman baron in c.1100 on a cliff above the River Nidd. There is documentary evidence dating from 1130 referring to works carried out...
, serving as warden to Richard II of England
Richard II of England
Richard II was King of England, a member of the House of Plantagenet and the last of its main-line kings. He ruled from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. Richard was a son of Edward, the Black Prince, and was born during the reign of his grandfather, Edward III...
, who knighted Buckton in 1383 for gallantry. Buckton became closely associated with Henry Bolingbroke helping to organise his crusades
Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars, blessed by the Pope and the Catholic Church with the main goal of restoring Christian access to the holy places in and near Jerusalem...
to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state from the 12th /13th century until 1569 and then as a constituent part of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1791 when Constitution of May 3, 1791 abolished it in favor of unitary state. It was founded by the Lithuanians, one of the polytheistic...
and Jerusalem, becoming one of Henry's most senior knights.
Yorkshire offices and later life
Yorkshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Yorkshire was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England from 1290, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832...
in 1395, 1397 and 1404.
A friend of Buckton was the author and poet Geoffrey Chaucer
Geoffrey Chaucer
Geoffrey Chaucer , known as the Father of English literature, is widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages and was the first poet to have been buried in Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey...
, who wrote The Canterbury Tales
The Canterbury Tales
The Canterbury Tales is a collection of stories written in Middle English by Geoffrey Chaucer at the end of the 14th century. The tales are told as part of a story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together on a journey from Southwark to the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at...
. Chaucer immortalised him in the short poem, Lenvoy de Chaucer a Bukton written before October 1396; in which Chaucer humorously warns Buckton against marriage. Buckton assisted Henry Bolingbroke's landing at Ravenspur in Yorkshire on 4 July 1399, after Henry had been exiled due to his cousin Richard II. When Bolingbroke became Henry IV of England
Henry IV of England
Henry IV was King of England and Lord of Ireland . He was the ninth King of England of the House of Plantagenet and also asserted his grandfather's claim to the title King of France. He was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, hence his other name, Henry Bolingbroke...
, Buckton benefited significantly. He was made a life steward and steward of the king's son Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence
Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence
Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, KG , also known as Thomas Plantagenet, was the second son of King Henry IV of England and his first wife, Mary de Bohun. He was born before 25 November 1387 as on that date his father's accounts note a payment made to a woman described as his nurse...
. He was also elevated to constable
Constable
A constable is a person holding a particular office, most commonly in law enforcement. The office of constable can vary significantly in different jurisdictions.-Etymology:...
of Knaresborough Castle. Buckton rose prominently in other areas office also, as he was appointed Justice of the Peace
Justice of the Peace
A justice of the peace is a puisne judicial officer elected or appointed by means of a commission to keep the peace. Depending on the jurisdiction, they might dispense summary justice or merely deal with local administrative applications in common law jurisdictions...
for the East Riding of Yorkshire
East Riding of Yorkshire
The East Riding of Yorkshire, or simply East Yorkshire, is a local government district with unitary authority status, and a ceremonial county of England. For ceremonial purposes the county also includes the city of Kingston upon Hull, which is a separate unitary authority...
between 1399 and 1400, followed by High Sheriff of Yorkshire
High Sheriff of Yorkshire
The High Sheriff of Yorkshire was an ancient High Sheriff title originating in the time of the Angles, not long after the invasion of the Kingdom of England, which was in existence for around a thousand years. A list of the sheriffs from the Norman conquest onwards can be found below...
for 1404.
Buckton began to work for the monarchy in jobs outside of England for a while. In 1411 he traveled to
Castile
Kingdom of Castile
Kingdom of Castile was one of the medieval kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula. It emerged as a political autonomous entity in the 9th century. It was called County of Castile and was held in vassalage from the Kingdom of León. Its name comes from the host of castles constructed in the region...
and was the English Ambassador
Ambassador
An ambassador is the highest ranking diplomat who represents a nation and is usually accredited to a foreign sovereign or government, or to an international organization....
to John II of Castile
John II of Castile
John II was King of Castile from 1406 to 1454.He was the son of Henry III of Castile and his wife Catherine of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster by Constance of Castile, daughter of King Peter of Castile.-Regency:He succeeded his father on 25 December 1406, at the age of...
. The following year, for 1412 until 1413, he was made Mayor of Bordeaux in the Duchy of Aquitaine, as the city of Bordeaux
Bordeaux
Bordeaux is a port city on the Garonne River in the Gironde department in southwestern France.The Bordeaux-Arcachon-Libourne metropolitan area, has a population of 1,010,000 and constitutes the sixth-largest urban area in France. It is the capital of the Aquitaine region, as well as the prefecture...
is the capital of Aquitaine this was a prominent position to hold. Buckton died in 1414, aged 64 and requested in his will to be buried at the Cistercian nunnery in Swine, East Riding of Yorkshire
Swine, East Riding of Yorkshire
Swine is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately north east of Hull city centre and south of Skirlaugh to the west of the A165 road....
.
Marriage and issue
Buckton married Cecilia, together they had three children.- Peter Buckton
- Ralph Buckton
- William Buckton