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Seljuq dynasty
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The Seljuq (also Seljuq Turks, Seldjuks, Seldjuqs, Seljuks; in Turkish Selηuklular; in ?aljuqiyan; in Arabic ????? Saljuq, or ???????? al-Salajiqa) were a Turco-Persian Sunni Muslim dynasty that ruled parts of Central Asia and the Middle East from the 11th to 14th centuries. They set up an empire known as Great Seljuq Empire that stretched from Anatolia through Persia and was the target of the First Crusade.

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Encyclopedia
The Seljuq (also Seljuq Turks, Seldjuks, Seldjuqs, Seljuks; in Turkish Selηuklular; in ?aljuqiyan; in Arabic ????? Saljuq, or ???????? al-Salajiqa) were a Turco-Persian Sunni Muslim dynasty that ruled parts of Central Asia and the Middle East from the 11th to 14th centuries. They set up an empire known as Great Seljuq Empire that stretched from Anatolia through Persia and was the target of the First Crusade. The dynasty had its origins in the Turcoman tribal confederations of Central Asia and marked the beginning of Turkic power in the Middle East. After arriving in Persia, the Seljuqs accepted the Persian culture and language, and played an important role in the development of the Turko-Persian tradition which features "Persian culture patronized by Turkic rulers." Today, they are remembered as great patrons of Persian culture, art, literature, and language and are regarded by some as the cultural ancestors of the Western Turks the present-day inhabitants of Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Turkmenistan.
Early history
Origins
Prior to the ninth century, hordes of Turks had crossed the Volga River into the Black Sea steppes. Originally, the House of Seljuq was a branch of the Qinik Oghuz Turks who in the 9th century lived on the periphery of the Muslim world, north of the Caspian and Aral sea in their Yabghu Khaganate of the Oghuz confederacy, in the Kazakh Steppe of Turkestan. In the 10th century the Seljuqs migrated from their ancestral homelands into mainland Persia, in the province of Khurasan, where they mixed with the local population and accepted the Persian culture and language in the following decades.
Seljuq leaders
Rulers of Seljuq Dynasty 10371157
The "Great Seljuqs" were heads of the family; in theory their authority extended over all the other Seljuq lines, although in practice this often was not the case. Turkish custom called for the senior member of the family to be the Great Seljuq, although usually the position was associated with the ruler of western Persia.
Muhammad's son Mahmud II succeeded him in western Persia, but Sanjar, the governor of Khurasan from 1097 and the senior member of the family, becomes Great Seljuq sultan
The Oghuz take control of much of Khurasan, with the remainder in the hands of former Seljuq emirs
Seljuq sultans of Hamadan 11181194
The rulers of western Persia, who maintained a very loose grip on the Abbasids of Baghdad. Several Turkish emirs gained a strong level of influence in the region, such as the Eldiduzids.
- Mahmud II 11181131
- Da'ud (in Jibal and Iranian Azerbaijan) 1131
- Tugrul II 11311134
- Mas'ud 11341152
- Malik Shah III 11521153
- Muhammad II 11531160
- Suleiman Shah 11601161
- Arslan Shah 11611174
- Tugrul III 11741194
Tugrul III killed in battle with the Khwarazmshah, who annexes Hamadan
Seljuq rulers of Kerman 10411187
Kerman was a province in southern Persia.
- Qawurd 10411073
- Kerman Shah 10731074
- Sultan Shah 10741075
- Hussain Omar 10751084
- Turan Shah I 10841096
- Iran Shah 10961101
- Arslan Shah I 11011142
- Mehmed I (Muhammad) 11421156
- Togrόl Shah 11561169
- Bahram Shah 11691174
- Arslan Shah II 11741176
- Turan Shah II 11761183
- Muhammad Shah 11831187
Muhammad abandons Kerman, which falls into the hands of the Oghuz chief Malik Dinar
Seljuq rulers in Syria 10761117
- Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla Tutush I 10851086
- Jalal ad-Dawlah Malik Shah I of Great Seljuq 10861087
- Qasim ad-Dawla Abu Said Aq Sunqur al-Hajib 10871094
- Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla Tutush I (second time) 10941095
- Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan 10951113
- Tadj ad-Dawla Alp Arslan al-Akhras 11131114
- Sultan Shah 11141123
To the Artuqids
Sultans/Emirs of Damascus:
- Aziz ibn Abaaq al-Khwarazmi 10761079
- Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla Tutush I 10791095
- Abu Nasr Shams al-Muluk Duqaq 10951104
- Tutush II 1104
- Muhi ad-Din Baqtash 1104
Damascus seized by the Burid Toghtekin
Seljuq sultans of Rϋm (Anatolia) 10771307
See Sultanate of Rϋm
* Kutalmish 10601077
The Seljuq line, already having been deprived of any significant power, effectively ends in the early fourteenth century
Gallery
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