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Seljuq dynasty

The Seljuqs were a Muslim dynasty of Oghuz Turkic Turkic peoples

Turkic peoples are Northern and Central Eurasian [i] peoples who speak languages belonging to th ... 

 descent that ruled parts of Central Asia Central Asia

Central Asia is a vast landlocked [i] region of Asia [i]. ... 

 and the Middle East Middle East

The Middle East is a subcontinent [i] for the historical [i] and cultural [i] ... 

 from the 11th 11th century

As a means of recording the passage of time [i], the 11th century was that century [i] which lasted from ... 

 to 14th centuries 14th century

As a means of recording the passage of time [i], the 14th century was that century [i] which lasted from ... 

. Today, they are regarded as the cultural ancestors of the Western Turks, the present-day inhabitants of Turkey Turkey

Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey, is a Eurasia [i]n country that stretches across the Anatolia [i] ... 

, Azerbaijan Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan , is a country in the South Caucasus [i]. ... 

 and Turkmenistan Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan is a country in Central Asia [i]. ... 

.

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The Seljuqs were a Muslim dynasty of Oghuz Turkic Turkic peoples

Turkic peoples are Northern and Central Eurasian [i] peoples who speak languages belonging to th ... 

 descent that ruled parts of Central Asia Central Asia

Central Asia is a vast landlocked [i] region of Asia [i]. ... 

 and the Middle East Middle East

The Middle East is a subcontinent [i] for the historical [i] and cultural [i] ... 

 from the 11th 11th century

As a means of recording the passage of time [i], the 11th century was that century [i] which lasted from ... 

 to 14th centuries 14th century

As a means of recording the passage of time [i], the 14th century was that century [i] which lasted from ... 

. Today, they are regarded as the cultural ancestors of the Western Turks, the present-day inhabitants of Turkey Turkey

Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey, is a Eurasia [i]n country that stretches across the Anatolia [i] ... 

, Azerbaijan Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan , is a country in the South Caucasus [i]. ... 

 and Turkmenistan Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan is a country in Central Asia [i]. ... 

.

Early History


Origins
Originally, the House of Seljuq was a branch of the Kınık Oghuz Turks who in the 9th century 9th century

As a means of recording the passage of time [i] the 9th century was that century [i] that lasted from 801 [i] ... 

 lived north of the Aral sea Aral Sea

The Aral Sea is a landlocked [i] endorheic [i] sea [i] in Central Asia [i]; it lies between Kazakhstan [i] ... 

 in their Yabghu Khaganate. In the 10th century 10th century

As a means of recording the passage of time [i], the 10th century was that century [i] which lasted from ... 

 the Seljuqs migrated from their ancestral homelands into mainland Persia Persian Empire

The Persian Empire was a series of historical empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau [i] ... 

, where they adopted the Persian Persian language

[i] , [[Afghanistan]... 

 culture and language in the following decades.
Seljuk
Main article: Seljuk


The apical ancestor of the Seljuqs was their bey Seljuq who was reputed to have served in the Khazar Khazars

The Khazars were a semi-nomadic [i] Turkic people [i] from Central Asia [i], many of whom convert ... 

 army, under whom, circa 961 they migrated to Khwarezm Khwarezm

Khwarezm was a series of state [i]s centered on the Amu Darya [i] river delta [i] of the former Aral Sea [i] ... 

, near the city of Jend also called Khujand Khujand

Khujand, is the second largest city of Tajikistan [i].... 

.

Great Seljuk

The Seljuqs were allied with the Persian Persian people

The Persians are an Iranian people [i] who speak the Persian language [i] and share a co ... 

 Samanid Shahs Samanid

The Samanids were a Persian dynasty [i] in Central Asia [i] and eastern Iran [i], named a ... 

 against the Qarakhanids. The Samanids Samanid

The Samanids were a Persian dynasty [i] in Central Asia [i] and eastern Iran [i], named a ... 

 however fell to the Qarakhanids and the emergence of the Ghaznavids Ghaznavid Empire

The Ghaznavid Empire was a Sunni [i] Muslim [i] state in the region of today's Afghanistan [i] that exis ... 

 and were involved in the power struggle in the region before establishing their own independent base.
Togrül and Çagri Bey
Togrül Bey was the grandson of Seljuk and Çagri was his brother, under whom the Seljuks wrested an empire from the Ghaznavid Ghaznavid Empire

The Ghaznavid Empire was a Sunni [i] Muslim [i] state in the region of today's Afghanistan [i] that exis ... 

s. Initially the Seljuks were repulsed by Mahmud Mahmud of Ghazni

Mahmud of Ghazni, also known as Yamin ad-Dawlah Mahmud was the ruler of Ghazni [i] from 997 [i] un... 

 and retired to Khwarezm Khwarezm

Khwarezm was a series of state [i]s centered on the Amu Darya [i] river delta [i] of the former Aral Sea [i] ... 

 but Togrül and Çagri led them to capture Merv and Nishapur Nishapur

Nishapur is a town in the province of Khorasan [i] in northeastern Iran [i], situated in a fertile plain... 

 . Later they repeatedly raided and traded territory with his successors across Khorasan Khorasan

Khorasan is a region located in eastern Iran [i]. ... 

 and Balkh Balkh

Today Balkh is a small town in the Province of Balkh [i], Afghanistan [i], about 20 kilom ... 

 and even sacked Ghazni Ghazni

Ghazni is a city in eastern Afghanistan [i], situated on a plateau at 7280 feet above sea level. ... 

 in 1037. In 1039 at The Battle of Dandanaqan they decisively defeated Mas'ud I of the Ghaznavids resulting in him abandoning most of his western territories to the Seljuks. In 1055 Togrül captured Baghdad from the Shi'a Shi'a Islam

Shi'a Islam, also Shi'ite Islam, Shiite or Shi'ism is the second largest denominatio... 

 Buyids under a commission from the Abbassid Abbasid

Abbasid is the dynastic name generally given to the caliph [i] of Baghdad [i], the second of the two gr ... 

s.
Alp Arslan
Alp Arslan was the son of Çagri Bey and expanded significantly upon Togrül's holdings by adding Armenia Armenia

Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked [i] mountainous country in the South ... 

 and Georgia Georgia

Georgia may mean:
  • Georgia [i], a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia: **Formerly ... 

     in 1064 and invading the Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire

    Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used since the 19th century [i] to describe the Greek-spea ... 

     in 1068 from whom he annexxed Anatolia Anatolia

    Anatolia is a region of Southwest Asia [i] which corresponds today to the Asiatic portion of Turkey [i] ... 

     after defeating them at the Battle of Manzikert Battle of Manzikert

    The Battle of Manzikert, or The Battle of Malazgirt, was fought between the Byzantine Empire [i] a ... 

    . He ordered his Turcoman generals to conquer the Byzantine lands and allowed them to carve principalities of their own as atabegs that were loyal to him. Within two years the Turcomans captured Asia Minor and went as far as the Aegean Sea establishing numerous "beghliks" such as the: Saltuqis in Northeastern Anatolia, Mengujeqs in Eastern Anatolia, Artuqid Artuqid dynasty

    The Artuqid dynasty was an Oghuz [i] Turkish [i] dynasty that ruled in Easter ... 

    s in Southeastern Anatolia, Danishmendis in Central Anatolia, Rum Seljuks  in Western Anatolia and the Beghlik of Çaka Bey in Izmir Izmir

    Izmir is the third most populous city of Turkey [i] and the country's largest port after Istanbul [i]... 

     .

Malik Shah I
Under Alp Arslan Alp Arslan

Alp Arslan was the second sultan of the dynasty of Seljuk Turks [i], in Persia [i], and great-gran ... 

's successor Malik Shah and his two Persian viziers Nizam al-Mulk and Taj al-Mulk, the Seljuk state expanded in various directions to former Iranian border before Arab invasion, so that it bordered China China

China is a cultural region [i] and ancient civilization [i] in East Asia [i]. ... 

 in the East and the Byzantines Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used since the 19th century [i] to describe the Greek-spea ... 

 in the West.
He moved the capital from Rayy Ray, Iran

[i]
... 

 to Isfahan Isfahan (city)

Isfahan or Esfahan, located about 340 km south of Tehran [i], is the capital of Isfahan Province [i] ... 

. The Iqta mililtary system and the Nizamiyyah University at Baghdad were established by Nizam al-Mulk, and the reign of Malik Shah was reckoned the golden age of "Great Seljuk". The Abassid Caliph titled him "The Sultan of the East and West" in 1087. The Assassins Hashshashin

The Hashshashin had a militant basis as a religious sect of Ismaili [i] Muslims [i] from the Nizari [i]... 

of Hassan-e Sabah Hassan-i-Sabah

Hassan-i Sabbah, modern Persian Hsn-e Sbba, also known as The Old Man of the Mountain, was a... 

 however started to become a force during his era and assassinated many leading figures in his administration.

Division of Empire


See also: Sultanate of Rum, Atabegs

When Malik Shah I died in 1092 the empire split, as his brother and four sons quarrelled over the apportioning of the empire among themselves. In Anatolia, Malik Shah I was succeeded by Kilij Arslan I who founded the Sultanate of Rum and in Syria Syria

Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in the Middle East [i]. ... 

 by his brother Tutush I. In Persia Persian Empire

The Persian Empire was a series of historical empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau [i] ... 

 he was succeeded by his son Mahmud I whose reign was contested by his other three brothers Barkiyaruq in Iraq Iraq

The Republic of Iraq, is a Middle East [i]ern country [i] in southwestern Asia [i] encomp ... 

, Mehmed I in Baghdad Baghdad

Baghdad is the capital [i] of Iraq [i] and of Baghdad Governorate [i]. ... 

 and Ahmed Sanjar in Khorasan Khorasan

Khorasan is a region located in eastern Iran [i]. ... 

.

When Tutush I died his sons Radwan and Duqaq inherited Aleppo Aleppo

Aleppo is a city and province in northern Syria [i]. ... 

 and Damascus Damascus

Damascus is the largest city and capital [i] of Syria [i]. ... 

 respectively and contested with each other as well further dividing Syria amongst emirs antagonistic towards each other.

In 1118, the third son Ahmed Sanjar took over the empire. His nephew, the son of Mehmed I did not recognize his claim to the throne and Mahmud II Mahmud II

Mahmud II (July 20 [i], 1785 [i] – July 1 [i], 1839 [i]) was the 27th Sultan [i] of the Ottoman Empire [i] ... 

 proclaimed himself Sultan and established a capital in Baghdad, until 1131 when he was finally officially deposed by Ahmed Sanjar.

Elsewhere in nominal Seljuk territory were the Artuqids Artuqid dynasty

The Artuqid dynasty was an Oghuz [i] Turkish [i] dynasty that ruled in Easter ... 

 in northeastern Syria and northern Mesopotamia Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia refers to the region [i] now occupied by modern Iraq [i], eastern Syria [i], and southeaster ... 

. They controlled Jerusalem Jerusalem

Jerusalem is Israel [i]'s capital [i] and largest city, with a population of 724,000 contained in 123 ... 

 until 1098. In eastern Anatolia and northern Syria a state was founded by Danishmend, and contested land with the Sultanate of Rum and Kerbogha excercised greeted independence as the atabeg of Mosul Mosul

Mosul is a city in northern Iraq [i] and the capital of Ninawa Governorate [i]. ... 

.

The First Crusade

Main article: First Crusade First Crusade

The First Crusade was launched in 1095 [i] by Pope Urban II [i] to regain control of the sacred city [i] ... 



The fractured states of the Seljuks were on the whole more concerned with consolidating their own territories and gaining control of their neighbours, than with cooperating against the crusaders when the First Crusade First Crusade

The First Crusade was launched in 1095 [i] by Pope Urban II [i] to regain control of the sacred city [i] ... 

 arrived in 1095 and successfully captured the Holy land Holy Land

The expression The Holy Land generally refers to the Land of Israel [i], otherwise known as the region of Palestine [i] ... 

 to set up the Crusader States Crusader states

The Crusader states were a number of mostly 12th- and 13th-century feudal [i] states created b ... 

. The Seljuks had already lost Palestine Palestine

Palestine is one of several names for the geographic region between the Mediterranean Sea [i] and the ba ... 

 to the Fatimid before their capture by the crusaders.

The Second Crusade

See also: Second Crusade Second Crusade

The Second Crusade was the second major crusade [i] launched from Europe [i], called in 1145 in response ... 

, Zengi, Nur ad-Din


Ahmed Sanjar had to contend the revolts of Qarakhanids in Transoxiana Transoxiana

Transoxiana / Ma Wara'un-Nahr / Fararood is the largely obsolete name used for the portion o... 

, Ghorids in Afghanistan Afghanistan

Afghanistan ; Persian [i]: ?????? ?????? ?????????, Pashto [i]:' ... 

 and Qarluks in modern Kyrghyzstan Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan, formerly the Kyrgyz Republic, is a country in Central Asia [i]. ... 

, even as the nomadic Kara-Khitai Kara-Khitan Khanate

The Western Liao, also known as Kara-Khitan Khanate was established by Yel Dashi [i] who led aroun ... 

s invaded the East destroying the Seljuk vassal state of the Eastern Qarakhanids. At the Battle of Qatwan Sanjar 1141 and lost all his eastern provinces up to the Syr Darya Syr Darya

Syr Darya is a river [i] in Central Asia [i], sometimes known as the Jaxartes or Yaxartes fr ... 

.

During this time conflict with the Crusader States was also intermittent and after the First Crusade and increasingly independent atabegs would frequently ally with the crusader states against other atabegs as they vied with each other for territory. At Mosul Zengi succeeded Kerbogha as atabeg and successfully began the process of consolidating the atabegs of Syria. In 1144 Zengi captured Edessa, as the County of Edessa County of Edessa

The County of Edessa was one of the Crusader states [i] in the 12th century [i], based around a city wit ... 

 had allied itself with the Ortoqids Artuqid dynasty

The Artuqid dynasty was an Oghuz [i] Turkish [i] dynasty that ruled in Easter ... 

 against him. This event triggered the launch of the second crusade. Nur ad-Din, one of Zengi's sons who succeeded him as atabeg of Aleppo Aleppo

Aleppo is a city and province in northern Syria [i]. ... 

 and created an alliance in the region to oppose the second crusade which landed in 1147.

Conquest by Khwarezm and the Ayyubids

See also:Saladin Saladin

Saladin or Salah al-Din was a twelfth century Kurdish [i] Muslim [i] warrior from Tikrit [i], in... 

, Ayyubid Ayyubid dynasty

The Ayyubid or Ayyoubid Dynasty was a Muslim [i] dynasty of Kurdish [i] origins which ruled Egypt [i] ... 

, Khwarezmid Empire Khwarezmian Empire

The Khwarezmid Empire was a Muslim [i] Iranian [i] state in the 11th century [i] in Khwarezmia [i] ... 



In 1153 the Oghuz Turks rebelled and captured Sanjar. He managed to escaped three years later but died a year later. Despite several attempts to reunite the Seljuks by his successors, the Crusade Crusades

The Crusades were a series of military campaigns waged in the name of Christendom [i] This term refers t ... 

s prevented them from regaining their former empire. While the Atabegs such as the Zengids and Artuqids Artuqid dynasty

The Artuqid dynasty was an Oghuz [i] Turkish [i] dynasty that ruled in Easter ... 

 were only nominally under the Seljuk Sultan, and generally controlled Syria independently. When Ahmed Sanjar died in 1156 it fractured the empire even further rendering the atabegs effectively independent.

  1. Khorasani Seljuks in Khorasan Khorasan

    Khorasan is a region located in eastern Iran [i]. ... 

     and Transoxiana. Capital: Merv
  2. Kerman Kerman

    Kerman is a city in Iran [i]. ... 

    i Seljuks
  3. Sultanate of Rum. Capital: Iznik , later Konya Konya

    Konya is a city in Turkey [i], on the central plateau of Anatolia [i]. ... 

  4. Atabeghlik of Salgur in Iran Iran



Throughout history, Iran has been of great geostrategic [i] importance because of its centr ... 


  1. Atabeghlik of Ildeniz in Iraq and Azerbaijan. Capital Hamadan Hamedan

    Hamadan or Hamedan is the capital city of Hamadan Province [i] of Iran [i]. ... 

  2. Atabeghlik of Bori in Syria. Capital: Damascus
  3. Atabeghlik of Zangi in Al Jazira . Capital: Mosul Mosul

    Mosul is a city in northern Iraq [i] and the capital of Ninawa Governorate [i]. ... 

  4. Turcoman Beghliks: Danishmendis, Artuqid Artuqid dynasty

    The Artuqid dynasty was an Oghuz [i] Turkish [i] dynasty that ruled in Easter ... 

    s, Saltuqis and Mengujegs in Asia Minor
  5. Khwarezmshahs in Transoxiana Transoxiana

    Transoxiana / Ma Wara'un-Nahr / Fararood is the largely obsolete name used for the portion o... 

    , Khwarezm Khwarezm

    Khwarezm was a series of state [i]s centered on the Amu Darya [i] river delta [i] of the former Aral Sea [i] ... 

    . Capital: Urganch


After the Second Crusade Nur ad-Din's general Shirkuh, who had established himself in Egypt Egypt

[i] country in [[North Africa]... 

 on Fatimid land, was succeeded by Saladin Saladin

Saladin or Salah al-Din was a twelfth century Kurdish [i] Muslim [i] warrior from Tikrit [i], in... 

 who rebelled against Nur ad-Din. Upon Nur ad-Dins death, Saladin married his widow and captured most of Syria creating the Ayyubid Ayyubid dynasty

The Ayyubid or Ayyoubid Dynasty was a Muslim [i] dynasty of Kurdish [i] origins which ruled Egypt [i] ... 

 dynasty.



On other fronts the the Kingdom of Georgia Georgia

Georgia may mean:
  • Georgia [i], a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia: **Formerly ... 

     began to become a regional power and extended its borders at the expense of Great Seljuk as did the revival of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

    The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia was a state formed in the Middle Ages [i] by Armenian refugees fleeing t ... 

     under Leo II of Armenia in Anatolia. The Abbassid Abbasid

    Abbasid is the dynastic name generally given to the caliph [i] of Baghdad [i], the second of the two gr ... 

     caliph An-Nasir also began to reassert the authority of the caliph and allied himself with the Khwarezmshah Ala ad-Din Tekish.


For a brief period Togrül III was the Sultan of all Seljuk except for Anatolia. In 1194 Togrül was defeated by Ala ad-Din Tekish, the Shah of Khwarezmid Empire Khwarezmian Empire

The Khwarezmid Empire was a Muslim [i] Iranian [i] state in the 11th century [i] in Khwarezmia [i] ... 

, and the Seljuk finally collapsed. Of the former Seljuk Empire, only the Sultanate of Rüm in Anatolia Anatolia

Anatolia is a region of Southwest Asia [i] which corresponds today to the Asiatic portion of Turkey [i] ... 

 remained. As the dynasty declined in the middle of the 13th century 13th century

As a means of recording the passage of time [i], the 13th century was that century [i] which lasted from ... 

, the Mongols Mongols

Mongols are an ethnic group [i] that originated in what is now Mongolia [i], Russia [i], and China [i] ... 

 invaded Anatolia Anatolia

Anatolia is a region of Southwest Asia [i] which corresponds today to the Asiatic portion of Turkey [i] ... 

 in the 1260s and divided it into small emirates called the Anatolian beyliks, one of which, the Ottoman Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , is also sometimes known in the West [i] as the Turkish Empire. ... 

, would rise to power and conquer the rest.

Rulers of Seljuk Dynasty 1037-1157

  • Tugrul I  1037-1063
  • Alp Arslan Alp Arslan

    Alp Arslan was the second sultan of the dynasty of Seljuk Turks [i], in Persia [i], and great-gran ... 

     bin Chaghri 1063-1072
  • Jalal ad-Dawlah Malik Shah I 1072-1092
  • Nasir ad-Din Mahmud I 1092-1093
  • Rukn ad-Din Barkiyaruq 1093-1104
  • Mu'izz ad-Din Malik Shah II 1105
  • Ghiyath ad-Din Muhammad/Mehmed I Tapar 1105-1118
  • Mahmud II 1118-1131
  • Mu'izz ad-Din Ahmed Sanjar 1131-1157

Seljuk Rulers of Kerman 1041-1187

Kerman Kerman Province

Kerman is one of the 28 provinces [i] of Iran [i]. ... 

 was a nation in southern Persia. It fell in 1187, probably conquered by Togrül III of Great Seljuk.

  • Qawurd 1041-1073
  • Kerman Shah 1073-1074
  • Sultan Shah 1074-1075
  • Hussain Omar 1075-1084
  • Turan Shah I 1084-1096
  • Iran Shah 1096-1101
  • Arslan Shah I 1101-1142
  • Mehmed I  1142-1156
  • Togrül Shah 1156-1169
  • Bahram Shah 1169-1174
  • Arslan Shah II 1174-1176
  • Turan Shah II 1176-1183
  • Mehmed II  1183-1187

Seljuk Rulers in Syria Syria

Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in the Middle East [i]. ... 

 1076-1117

  • Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla Tutush I 1085-1086
  • Jalal ad-Dawlah Malik Shah I of Great Seljuk 1086-1087
  • Qasim ad-Dawla Abu Said Aq Sunqur al-Hajib 1087-1094
  • Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla Tutush I ' 1094-1095
  • Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan 1095-1113
  • Tadj ad-Dawla Alp Arslan al-Akhras 1113-1114
  • Sultan Shah 1114-1123

Sultan Sultan

For information on the racehorse, see Sultan [i]
... 

s/Emir Emir

Emir is a high title of nobility [i] or office, historically used in Islamic [i] nations... 

s of Damascus Damascus

Damascus is the largest city and capital [i] of Syria [i]. ... 

:
  • Aziz ibn Abaaq al-Khwarazmi 1076-1079
  • Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla Tutush I 1079-1095
  • Abu Nasr Shams al-Muluk Duqaq 1095-1104
  • Tutush II 1104
  • Muhi ad-Din Baqtash 1104

Atabegs of Aleppo Aleppo

Aleppo is a city and province in northern Syria [i]. ... 

:
  • Lulu 1114-1117
  • Shams al-Havas Yariqtash 1117
  • Imad ad-Din Zengi 1128-1146
  • Nur ad-Din 1146-1174

Seljuk Sultans of Rüm  1077-1307

  • Kutalmish 1060-1077
  • Süleyman Ibn Kutalmish  1077-1086
  • Dawud Kilij Arslan I 1092-1107
  • Malik Shah 1107-1116
  • Rukn ad-Din Mas'ud 1116-1156
  • Izz ad-Din Kilij Arslan II 1156-1192
  • Ghiyath ad-Din Kay Khusrau I 1192-1196
  • Süleyman II  1196-1204
  • Kilij Arslan III 1204-1205
  • Ghiyath ad-Din Kay Khusrau I ' 1205-1211
  • Izz ad-Din Kay Ka'us I 1211-1220
  • Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh I 1220-1237
  • Ghiyath ad-Din Kay Khusrau II 1237-1246
  • Izz ad-Din Kay Ka'us II 1246-1260
  • Rukn ad-Din Kilij Arslan IV 1248-1265
  • Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh II 1249-1257
  • Ghiyath ad-Din Kay Khusrau II ' 1257-1259
  • Ghiyath ad-Din Kay Khusrau III 1265-1282
  • Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud II 1282-1284
  • Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh III 1284
  • Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud II ' 1284-1293
  • Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh III ' 1293-1294
  • Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud II ' 1294-1301
  • Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh III ' 1301-1303
  • Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud II ' 1303-1307
  • Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud III 1307

See also

  • Turkic peoples Turkic peoples

    Turkic peoples are Northern and Central Eurasian [i] peoples who speak languages belonging to th ... 

  • Zengid dynasty
  • Atabeg
  • Artuqid Artuqid dynasty

    The Artuqid dynasty was an Oghuz [i] Turkish [i] dynasty that ruled in Easter ... 

  • Danishmend
  • Ghaznavid Empire Ghaznavid Empire

    The Ghaznavid Empire was a Sunni [i] Muslim [i] state in the region of today's Afghanistan [i] that exis ... 

  • Sultanate of Rüm
  • Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire

    The Ottoman Empire , is also sometimes known in the West [i] as the Turkish Empire. ... 

  • Seljuk

, list of Seljuk rulers in the German Wikipedia

References


External links