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Robert Arthur James Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury, KG
Order of the Garter

The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry, or knighthood, originating in medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms; it is the pinnacle of the Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom....
 PC
Privy Council of the United Kingdom

Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British monarchy. Its members are largely senior politicians, who were or are members of either the House of Commons of the United Kingdom or House of Lords....
 (27 August 1893 – 23 February 1972) was a grandson of the great 3rd Marquess. Nicknamed "Bobbety", the 5th Marquess was elected to the House of Commons
British House of Commons

The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the British monarchy and the House of Lords ....
 in 1929, and then called up to the House of Lords
House of Lords

The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords". The Parliament comprises the British monarchy, the British House of Commons , and the Lords....
 by a writ of acceleration
Writ of acceleration

A writ in acceleration, commonly called a writ of acceleration was a type of Hereditary peer#Writs of summons to the British House of Lords that enabled the eldest son and heir apparent of a peer with multiple peerage titles to attend the House of Lords or Irish House of Lords, using one of his father's subsidiary titles....
 in 1941, before he succeeded his father as Marquess of Salisbury
Marquess of Salisbury

Marquess of Salisbury is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1789 for the James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury. Most of the holders of the title have been prominent in British political life over the last two centuries, particularly the Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, who served three times as Prime...
 in 1947.

Lord Salisbury was a prominent Tory
Conservative Party (UK)

The Conservative and Unionist Party, more commonly known as the Conservative Party, is a conservative political party in the United Kingdom....
 politician in the 1940s and 1950s, serving in the governments of Winston Churchill
Winston Churchill

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, Order of the Garter, Order of Merit, Order of the Companions of Honour, Territorial Decoration, Fellow of the Royal Society, Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, Queen's Privy Council for Canada was a Politics of the United Kingdom known chiefly for his leadership of the United King...
, Anthony Eden
Anthony Eden

Robert Anthony Eden, 1st Earl of Avon, Order of the Garter, Military Cross, Privy Council of the United Kingdom was a British people Conservative Party politician, who was Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs for three periods between 1935 and 1955, including during World War II....
, and Harold Macmillan
Harold Macmillan

Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, Order of Merit, Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council was a British Conservative Party politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 10 January 1957 to 18 October 1963....
.






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Robert Arthur James Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury, KG
Order of the Garter

The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry, or knighthood, originating in medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms; it is the pinnacle of the Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom....
 PC
Privy Council of the United Kingdom

Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British monarchy. Its members are largely senior politicians, who were or are members of either the House of Commons of the United Kingdom or House of Lords....
 (27 August 1893 – 23 February 1972) was a grandson of the great 3rd Marquess. Nicknamed "Bobbety", the 5th Marquess was elected to the House of Commons
British House of Commons

The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the British monarchy and the House of Lords ....
 in 1929, and then called up to the House of Lords
House of Lords

The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords". The Parliament comprises the British monarchy, the British House of Commons , and the Lords....
 by a writ of acceleration
Writ of acceleration

A writ in acceleration, commonly called a writ of acceleration was a type of Hereditary peer#Writs of summons to the British House of Lords that enabled the eldest son and heir apparent of a peer with multiple peerage titles to attend the House of Lords or Irish House of Lords, using one of his father's subsidiary titles....
 in 1941, before he succeeded his father as Marquess of Salisbury
Marquess of Salisbury

Marquess of Salisbury is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1789 for the James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury. Most of the holders of the title have been prominent in British political life over the last two centuries, particularly the Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, who served three times as Prime...
 in 1947.

Lord Salisbury was a prominent Tory
Conservative Party (UK)

The Conservative and Unionist Party, more commonly known as the Conservative Party, is a conservative political party in the United Kingdom....
 politician in the 1940s and 1950s, serving in the governments of Winston Churchill
Winston Churchill

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, Order of the Garter, Order of Merit, Order of the Companions of Honour, Territorial Decoration, Fellow of the Royal Society, Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, Queen's Privy Council for Canada was a Politics of the United Kingdom known chiefly for his leadership of the United King...
, Anthony Eden
Anthony Eden

Robert Anthony Eden, 1st Earl of Avon, Order of the Garter, Military Cross, Privy Council of the United Kingdom was a British people Conservative Party politician, who was Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs for three periods between 1935 and 1955, including during World War II....
, and Harold Macmillan
Harold Macmillan

Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, Order of Merit, Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council was a British Conservative Party politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 10 January 1957 to 18 October 1963....
. He was known as a hardline imperialist. In 1952, as Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations
Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations

The Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations was a British Cabinet office existing between 1947 and 1966, responsible for dealing with British relationship with members of the Commonwealth of Nations ....
, he tried to make permanent the exile of Seretse Khama
Seretse Khama

Sir Seretse Khama, Order of British Empire, was the first President of Botswana....
, kgosi of the Bamangwato
Bamangwato

The Bamangwato people are one of the eight principal tribes of Botswana. Modern Bangwato formed in the Central District , with its main town and capital at Serowe....
 people in Bechuanaland, for marrying a white British woman. During the 1960s, Lord Salisbury continued to be a staunch defender of the white-dominated governments in South Africa
South Africa

The Republic of South Africa, also known by Official names of South Africa, is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa....
 and in Southern Rhodesia
Southern Rhodesia

Southern Rhodesia was the name of the British colony situated north of the Limpopo River and the Union of South Africa, and known today as Zimbabwe....
 (now Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe , is a landlocked country located in the southern part of the continent of Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo River rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia to the northwest and Mozambique to the east....
).

He was also a fierce opponent of liberal-left attempts to reform the House of Lords, yet he created what is known as the Salisbury Convention
Salisbury Convention

The Salisbury Convention is a constitutional convention in the United Kingdom which puts forward that the House of Lords will not oppose the second reading or third reading of any government legislation promised in its election manifesto....
. In 1961 he became the first president of the Conservative Monday Club
Conservative Monday Club

The Conservative Monday Club is a United Kingdom pressure-group "on the right-wing of the Conservative Party "....
, a post he held until his death.

He was Chancellor of the University of Liverpool
University of Liverpool

The University of Liverpool is a university in the city of Liverpool, England. It is a member of the Russell Group, and founded in 1881 it is also one of the six original "red brick university" civic universities....
 from 1951 until 1971.

Lord Salisbury was married to Elizabeth Vere Cavendish, a cousin of the 10th Duke of Devonshire
Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire

Edward William Spencer Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire, Order of the Garter, Order of the British Empire , known as Marquess of Hartington , was the head of the Devonshire branch of the House of Cavendish family....
 and a great-granddaughter of the 7th Duke of Devonshire
William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire

William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire, Order of the Garter, Privy Council of the United Kingdom , known as Lord Cavendish of Keighley between 1831 and 1834 and 2nd Earl of Burlington of the 2nd creation between 1834 and 1858, was the great-grandson of the William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire, grandson of the George Caven...
 and his wife, herself a granddaughter of Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire. They had three sons, of whom only the eldest
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 6th Marquess of Salisbury

Robert Edward Peter Gascoyne-Cecil, 6th Marquess of Salisbury was the son of Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury. Prior to succeeding his father in the Marquessate, he had been Conservative Party Member of Parliament for Bournemouth West ....
 survived the Second World War.

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