Pentapolis

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Significant historical cases

• in the biblical Holy Land
  Holy Land
  
  The Holy Land , generally refers to the geographical region of the Levant called Land of Canaan or Land of Israel in the Bible, and constitutes the Promised land....
  , the word, occurring in Wisdom, x, 6, designates the region where five cities — Sodom
  Sodom
  
  Sodom can refer to:...
  , Gomorrha, Segor (A. V., Zoar), Admah
  Admah
  
  Admah - earth, one of the Pentapolis of the Vale of Siddim . It was destroyed along with Sodom and Gomorrah . It is supposed by some to be the same as the Adam of Josh. 3:16, the name of which still lingers in Damieh, the ford of Jordan. ...
   and Zeboim
  Zeboim (biblical)
  
  Zeboim, Zeboiim or Tzvoyim was:# One of the "five cities of the plain" of Sodom, generally coupled with Admah . It had a king of its own , and was therefore a place of some importance....
   — united to resist the invasion of Chedorlaomer (Genesis, xiv), and of which four were shortly after utterly destroyed.

• the medieval Pentapolis on the Adriatic coast of the Italian Peninsula, atypically, was actually a duchy east of Tuscany
  Tuscany
  
  Tuscany is a region in Italy. It has an area of and a population of about 3.6 million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence.Tuscany is known for its landscapes and its artistic legacy....
   and north of the duchy of Spoleto
  Spoleto
  
  Spoleto is an ancient city in the Italy province of Perugia in east central Umbria on a foothill of the Apennine Mountains. It is 20 km S....
  , including the port cities (West to East) of Rimini
  Rimini
  
  Rimini is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy and capital city of the Province of Rimini. It is located on the Adriatic Sea, near the coast between the rivers Marecchia and Ausa ....
  , Pesaro
  Pesaro
  
  Pesaro is a town and comune in the Italy region of Marche, capital of the Province of Pesaro e Urbino, on the Adriatic Sea. According to the 2007 census, its population was 92,206....
  , Fano
  Fano
  
  Fano is a town and comune of the province of Pesaro and Urbino in the Marche region of Italy. It is a beach resort 12 km southeast of Pesaro, located where the Via Flaminia reaches the Adriatic Sea....
  , Sinigaglia and Ancona
  Ancona
  
  Ancona is a city and a seaport in the Marche, a region of central Italy, population 101,909 . Ancona is situated on the Adriatic Sea and is the center of the province of Ancona and the capital of the region....
  . It was part of the core of the Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna
  Exarchate of Ravenna
  
  The Exarchate of Ravenna or of Italy was a centre of Byzantine Empire power in Italy, from the end of the 6th century to 751, when the last Exarch was put to death by the Lombards....
  . Later, after the fall of the Exarchate, it was transformed into the March of Ancona

• the Philistine Pentapolis: Ashkelon
  Ashkelon
  
  Ashkelon or Ashqelon is a coastal city in the South District of Israel. The ancient seaport of Ashkelon dates back to the Bronze Age. In the course of its history, it has been ruled by the Canaanites, the Philistines, the Babylonians, the Phoenicians, the Ancient Romes, the Muslims and the Crusaders....
  , Ashdod
  Ashdod
  
  Ashdod , is the List of Israeli cities in Israel, located in the South District of the country, on the Mediterranean Sea Israeli Coastal Plain, with a population of 207,000....
  , Ekron
  Ekron
  
  The city of Ekron was one of the five cities of the famed Philistine 'pentapolis,' located in southwestern Canaan.During the Iron Age, Ekron was a border city on the frontier contested between Philistia and the kingdom of Judah....
  , Gath, and Gaza
  Gaza
  
  Gaza is a Palestinian people city in the Gaza Strip, approximately southwest of Jerusalem, with a population of 410,000, making it the largest city under the control of the Palestinian National Authority....
  

• the Doric - or Dorian Pentapolis
  Dorian Pentapolis
  
  The Doric Pentapolis or Dorian Pentapolis was a federation of five cities of Dorians foundation, and included:*Kos, on the island of the same name in the Aegean Sea;...
  : Kos
  Kos
  
  Kos or Cos is a Greece island in the south Sporades group of the Dodecanese, next to the Gulf of G?kova. It measures 40 km by 8 km, and is only 4 km from the coast of Bodrum, Turkey and the ancient region of Caria....
  , on the island of the same name in the Aegean Sea; Cnidus, in Caria
  Caria
  
  Caria was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid-Ionia south to Lycia and east to Phrygia. The Ionians and Dorians Greeks colonized the west of it and joined the Carian population in forming Greek-dominated states there....
   on the west coast of Asia Minor; Lindus, Ialysus and Camirus, all three on Rhodes.

• the Pontic Pentapolis: Apollonia, Callatis, Mesembria, Odessos
  Varna
  
  Varna is the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast and in Northern Bulgaria, third-largest in Bulgaria after Sofia and Plovdiv, and Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits, with a population of 352,211....
  , and Tomis, all on the Euxeinos Pontos.

• The Western Pentapolis: five main Greek colonies that came to be in the Roman province of Libya Superior, the western part of Cyrenaica
  Cyrenaica
  
  Cyrenaica or Cirenaica is the eastern coastal region of Libya and also an ex-province or state of the country in the pre-1963 administrative system....
   until Diocletian's Tetrarchy
  Tetrarchy
  
  Tetrarchy can be applied to any system of government where power is divided between four individuals. The term is usually used to refer to the tetrarchy instituted by Roman Emperor Diocletian in 293 which lasted until c. 313....
   reform in AD 296 (now Libya). The most important was Cyrene
  Cyrene
  
  Cyrene may refer to:* Cyrene , a Greek mythological figure* Cyrene, Libya, an ancient Greek colony in North Africa* The USS Cyrene , a motor torpedo boat tender...
   and its port Apollonia
  Apollonia, Cyrenaica
  
  Apollonia in Cyrenaica was founded by Greek colonists and became a significant commercial centre in the southern Mediterranean. It served as the harbour of Cyrene, 20 km to the southwest....
  , Ptolemais
  Ptolemais
  
  Ptolemais is the ancient name for the cities of:*Ptolemaida - named for the Macedonian Ptolemy who became Ptolemy I Soter*Acre, Israel - named for the Macedonian Ptolemy who became Ptolemy I Soter...
   (the next capital after Cyrene's destruction by an earthquake), Barca
  Barca
  
  Barca or Barce was an ancient Greek colony and later Roman, Byzantine Empire, city in North Africa. It occupied the coastal area of what is modern day Libya....
   (the later Arab provincial capital Barka) and Berenice
  Berenice
  
  Berenice or Berenike is the Ancient Macedonian language form for Attic Greek Fe?e???? , meaning "bearer of victory", from f??? "to bear" + ???? "victory"....
   (modern Benghazi); also known as the Pentapolis inferior ('lower P.'). This is the Pentapolis that is referenced in the official title of the Eastern Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria and the Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church.

• The Cinque Ports
  Cinque Ports
  
  The Confederation of Cinque Ports is a historic series of coastal towns in Kent and Sussex, at the eastern end of the English Channel where the crossing to the continent is narrowest....
   in England - the five being Hastings
  Hastings
  
  Hastings is a town and Borough status in the United Kingdom on the coast of East Sussex in England. It includes originally separate settlements, as well as the inevitable growth of the town through the building of new estates....
  , New Romney
  New Romney
  
  New Romney is a small town in Kent, England, on the edge of Romney Marsh, an area of flat, rich agricultural land reclaimed from the sea. New Romney was once a sea port, with the harbour adjacent to the church, but is now over a mile from the sea ....
  , Hythe
  Hythe, Kent
  
  Hythe is a small coastal market town on the edge of Romney Marsh, in the District of Shepway on the south coast of Kent. The word Hythe or Hithe is an Old English word meaning Haven or Landing Place....
  , Dover, and Sandwich
  Sandwich, Kent
  
  Sandwich is a historic town in Kent, south-east England. It was one of the Cinque Ports and still has many original medieval buildings. While once a major port, it is now two miles from the sea, its historic centre preserved.....
  . Sometimes referred to as the English Pentapolis (though seldom).

• Westermann Großer Atlas zur Weltgeschichte ('Great Atlas of World History', in German)