Moritz Carrière
Encyclopedia
Moritz Carrière was a German philosopher and historian
.
After studying at Giessen
, Göttingen and Berlin
, he spent a few years in Italy
studying the fine arts, and established himself in 1842 at Giessen as a teacher of philosophy. In 1853 he was appointed professor at the university of Münich, where he lectured mainly on aesthetics
. In the academy in Munich, he lectured on art history
.
He contributed in no small degree to making the idea of German
unity more palatable to the South Germans. Carrière identified himself with the school of the younger Fichte
as one who held the theistic view of the world which aimed at reconciling deism
with pantheism
, and Christianity with science, art, and history, and who were opposed to ultramontanism
. He urged the conversion of the cathedral of Cologne into a free church. Although no obstinate adherent of antiquated forms and prejudices, he firmly upheld the fundamental truths of Christianity
.
He translated the letters of Abélard and Héloise into German, and composed a poem on the last night of the Girondists. His essay on Cromwell
(in Lebensskizzen, 1890) develops his liberal ideas and may be considered his political confession of faith. He has prepared annotated editions of Goethe's Faust
and Schiller
's Wilhelm Tell. During the Franco-Prussian War
, he delivered lectures on Die sittliche Weltordnung in den Zeichen und Aufgaben unserer Zeit (Munich, 1870), and on Deutsche Geisteshelden im Elsass (1871). His complete works were published at Leipzig, 14 vols., in 1886-1894.
Historian
A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the study of all history in time. If the individual is...
.
After studying at Giessen
University of Giessen
The University of Giessen is officially called the Justus Liebig University Giessen after its most famous faculty member, Justus von Liebig, the founder of modern agricultural chemistry and inventor of artificial fertiliser.-History:The University of Gießen is among the oldest institutions of...
, Göttingen and Berlin
Humboldt University of Berlin
The Humboldt University of Berlin is Berlin's oldest university, founded in 1810 as the University of Berlin by the liberal Prussian educational reformer and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt, whose university model has strongly influenced other European and Western universities...
, he spent a few years in Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
studying the fine arts, and established himself in 1842 at Giessen as a teacher of philosophy. In 1853 he was appointed professor at the university of Münich, where he lectured mainly on aesthetics
Aesthetics
Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty, art, and taste, and with the creation and appreciation of beauty. It is more scientifically defined as the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values, sometimes called judgments of sentiment and taste...
. In the academy in Munich, he lectured on art history
Art history
Art history has historically been understood as the academic study of objects of art in their historical development and stylistic contexts, i.e. genre, design, format, and style...
.
He contributed in no small degree to making the idea of German
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
unity more palatable to the South Germans. Carrière identified himself with the school of the younger Fichte
Johann Gottlieb Fichte
Johann Gottlieb Fichte was a German philosopher. He was one of the founding figures of the philosophical movement known as German idealism, a movement that developed from the theoretical and ethical writings of Immanuel Kant...
as one who held the theistic view of the world which aimed at reconciling deism
Deism
Deism in religious philosophy is the belief that reason and observation of the natural world, without the need for organized religion, can determine that the universe is the product of an all-powerful creator. According to deists, the creator does not intervene in human affairs or suspend the...
with pantheism
Pantheism
Pantheism is the view that the Universe and God are identical. Pantheists thus do not believe in a personal, anthropomorphic or creator god. The word derives from the Greek meaning "all" and the Greek meaning "God". As such, Pantheism denotes the idea that "God" is best seen as a process of...
, and Christianity with science, art, and history, and who were opposed to ultramontanism
Ultramontanism
Ultramontanism is a religious philosophy within the Roman Catholic community that places strong emphasis on the prerogatives and powers of the Pope...
. He urged the conversion of the cathedral of Cologne into a free church. Although no obstinate adherent of antiquated forms and prejudices, he firmly upheld the fundamental truths of Christianity
Christianity
Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in canonical gospels and other New Testament writings...
.
Works
- Aesthetik (LeipzigLeipzigLeipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing...
, 1859; 3rd ed., 1885), supplemented by- Die Kunst im Zusammenhang der Kulturentwicklung und der Ideale der Menschheit (3rd ed., 1877-1886) This is cited by some has his most celebrated work.
- Die philosophische Weltanschauung der Reformalionszeit (StuttgartStuttgartStuttgart is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. The sixth-largest city in Germany, Stuttgart has a population of 600,038 while the metropolitan area has a population of 5.3 million ....
, 1847; 2nd ed., Leipzig, 1886) - Die sittliche Weltordnung (Leipzig, 1877; 2nd ed., 1891) Here he recognized both the immutability of the laws of nature and the freedom of the will. He described his view of the world and life as real-idealism.
He translated the letters of Abélard and Héloise into German, and composed a poem on the last night of the Girondists. His essay on Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell was an English military and political leader who overthrew the English monarchy and temporarily turned England into a republican Commonwealth, and served as Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland....
(in Lebensskizzen, 1890) develops his liberal ideas and may be considered his political confession of faith. He has prepared annotated editions of Goethe's Faust
Goethe's Faust
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Faust is a tragic play in two parts: and . Although written as a closet drama, it is the play with the largest audience numbers on German-language stages...
and Schiller
Friedrich Schiller
Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller was a German poet, philosopher, historian, and playwright. During the last seventeen years of his life , Schiller struck up a productive, if complicated, friendship with already famous and influential Johann Wolfgang von Goethe...
's Wilhelm Tell. During the Franco-Prussian War
Franco-Prussian War
The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. Prussia was aided by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and...
, he delivered lectures on Die sittliche Weltordnung in den Zeichen und Aufgaben unserer Zeit (Munich, 1870), and on Deutsche Geisteshelden im Elsass (1871). His complete works were published at Leipzig, 14 vols., in 1886-1894.