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Michael Hayden
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Michael Vincent Hayden, (born March 17, 1945 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) was a United States Air Force four-star general and former Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. From April 21, 2005–May 26, 2006 he was the Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence, a position which once made him "the highest-ranking military intelligence officer in the armed forces."
He was director of the National Security Agency (NSA) from 1999–2005. During his tenure as director, the longest in the history of the agency, he oversaw the controversial NSA surveillance of technological communications between persons in the United States and alleged foreign terrorist groups.
On May 8, 2006, Hayden was nominated for the position of CIA Director and reappointment to the rank of general following the May 5 resignation of Porter J. Goss, and on May 23 the Senate Intelligence Committee voted 12-3 to send the nomination to the Senate floor.
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Encyclopedia
Michael Vincent Hayden, (born March 17, 1945 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) was a United States Air Force four-star general and former Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. From April 21, 2005–May 26, 2006 he was the Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence, a position which once made him "the highest-ranking military intelligence officer in the armed forces."
He was director of the National Security Agency (NSA) from 1999–2005. During his tenure as director, the longest in the history of the agency, he oversaw the controversial NSA surveillance of technological communications between persons in the United States and alleged foreign terrorist groups.
On May 8, 2006, Hayden was nominated for the position of CIA Director and reappointment to the rank of general following the May 5 resignation of Porter J. Goss, and on May 23 the Senate Intelligence Committee voted 12-3 to send the nomination to the Senate floor. His nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 26 by a vote of 78-15. On May 30, 2006 and again the following day at the CIA lobby with President George W. Bush in attendance, Hayden was sworn in as the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.
On July 1 2008, Hayden retired from the Air Force after 41 years of military service and continued to serve as Director of the CIA until 12 February 2009.
Early life, career, and family
Michael Vincent Hayden was born on St. Patrick's Day in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to an Irish-American couple, Sadie and Harry Hayden, Jr. who worked as a welder for a Pennsylvania manufacturing company. He has a younger brother, Harry III, and a sister, Margaret.
He graduated from Pittsburgh's North Catholic High School. While at Duquesne University he earned a B.A. in history in 1967 and was commissioned as a second lieutenant. He then attended graduate school at Duquesne for an M.A. in modern American History.
He is a graduate of the Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps program. Hayden entered active military service in 1969.
Hayden has served as commander of the Air Intelligence Agency and Director of the Joint Command and Control Warfare Center, both headquartered at Lackland Air Force Base. He also has served in senior staff positions in the Pentagon; Headquarters U.S. European Command, Stuttgart, Germany; the National Security Council, Washington, D.C., and the U.S. Embassy in the then-People's Republic of Bulgaria. Prior to his current assignment, the general served as deputy chief of staff for United Nations Command and U.S. Forces Korea, Yongsan Garrison. He has also worked in intelligence in Guam.
He is married to Jeanine Carrier, and they have a daughter and two sons.
Intelligence career
Air Intelligence Agency
Then Commander, Hayden directed an agency of 16,000 charged with defending and exploiting the "information domain."
National Security Agency
Hayden served as the Director of the National Security Agency and Chief of the Central Security Service at Fort George G. Meade, Maryland from March 1999 to April 2005. As the Director of NSA and Chief of CSS, he was responsible for a combat support agency of the Department of Defense with military and civilian personnel stationed worldwide.
Strategy for the NSA
Hayden and the NSA have a strategy to increase their use of American industry for domestic surveillance.
Wiretaps of domestic calls
In May 2006, USA Today reported that, under Hayden's leadership, the NSA created an domestic telephone call database. During his nomination hearings, Hayden defended his actions to Senator Russ Feingold and others, stating that he had relied upon legal advice that the White House order to build the database was supported by Article Two of the United States Constitution executive branch powers (in which the President must "take care that the laws be faithfully executed"), overriding legislative branch statutes forbidding warrantless surveillance of domestic calls, which included the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). Previously, this action would have required a warrant from a FISA court. The stated purpose of the database was to eavesdrop on international communications between persons within the U.S. and individuals and groups overseas in order to locate terrorists
Landay: “…the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution specifies that you must have probable cause to violate an American’s right against unreasonable searches and seizures…”
Hayden: “No, actually - the Fourth Amendment actually protects all of us against unreasonable search and seizure.”
Landay: “But the –”
Hayden: “That’s what it says.”
Landay: “The legal measure is probable cause, it says.”
Hayden: “The Amendment says: unreasonable search and seizure.”
Landay: “But does it not say ‘probable cause’?”
Hayden: “No! The Amendment says unreasonable search and seizure.”
Landay: “The legal standard is probable cause, General — “
Hayden: “Just to be very clear … okay… and believe me, if there’s any Amendment to the Constitution that employees of the National Security Agency are familiar with, it’s the Fourth. All right? And it is a reasonableness standard in the Fourth Amendment. The constitutional standard is ‘reasonable’” ( h/t Dale)
Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence
General Hayden was Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence from May 2005 to May 2006 under John Negroponte.
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
On May 8, 2006, Hayden was nominated by President George W. Bush to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency after the resignation of Porter J. Goss on May 5, 2006.
He was later confirmed on May 26, 2006 as Director, 78-15, by full U.S. Senate vote.
Critics of the nomination and Hayden's attempts to increase domestic surveillance included Senator Dianne Feinstein who stated on May 11, 2006 that "I happen to believe we are on our way to a major constitutional confrontation on Fourth Amendment guarantees of unreasonable search and seizure"
Hayden is not the first active member of the military to be appointed to run the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Those previously holding the position of Director of Central Intelligence while simultaneously holding a military rank were:
- Rear Admiral Sidney Souers, a Navy officer, who was the first man to hold the position when the nascent organization was known as the Central Intelligence Group; then-Lieutenant General (later General) Hoyt S. Vandenberg, an Air Force officer, also Director of the CIG; Rear Admiral Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter, a Navy officer who was just prior to his appointment was a Captain and Commanding Officer of the and who was the first DCI of the CIA; General Walter Bedell Smith, an Army officer
- President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Vice Admiral William Raborn, a Navy officer
- President Jimmy Carter appointed Admiral Stansfield Turner, a Navy officer and a classmate of President Carter at the United States Naval Academy
Military career
Military awards
- Order of National Security Merit Cheonsu Medal (Republic of Korea)
Military badges
Dates of rank
- June 2, 1967 — Second Lieutenant
- June 7, 1970 — First Lieutenant
- December 7, 1971 — Captain
- June 1, 1980 — Major
- February 1, 1985 — Lieutenant Colonel
- November 1, 1990 — Colonel
- September 1, 1993 — Brigadier General
- October 1, 1996 — Major General
- May 1, 1999 — Lieutenant General
- April 22, 2005 — General
External links
- [https://www.cia.gov/ Central Intelligence Agency]
- [https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/leadership/hayden.html Official CIA Biography]
- at NNDB
- August 8, 2004
- February 17, 2005
- , 17 October 2002
- May 10, 2006
- , Time Magazine, May 15, 2006
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