Order of Australia

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Order of Australia

The Order of Australia is an order of chivalry

Order (decoration)

An order is a decoration, awarded by a government, a Dynasty, or a religious body to an individual, usually for distinguished service to a nation or to humanity....
established by Elizabeth II

Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom

Elizabeth II is the queen regnant of sixteen independent states known as the Commonwealth realms: Monarchy of the United Kingdom, Monarchy of Canada, Monarchy of Australia, Monarchy of New Zealand, Monarchy of Jamaica, Monarchy of Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Monarchy of the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Sain...
, Queen of Australia on 14 February 1975 "for the purpose of according recognition to Australia

Australia

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Encyclopedia

The Order of Australia is an order of chivalry

Order (decoration)

An order is a decoration, awarded by a government, a Dynasty, or a religious body to an individual, usually for distinguished service to a nation or to humanity....
established by Elizabeth II

Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom

Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the southern hemisphere comprising the Australia of the world's smallest continent, the major island of Tasmania, and numerous list of islands of Australia in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Oceans....
n citizens and other persons for achievement or for meritorious service". Awards made to people who are not Australian citizens are called honorary awards.

The Order is divided into general and military divisions, with the following grades in descending order of seniority:

Knight or Dame (AK or AD; granted 1976-1986)
Companion (AC
Companions of the Order of Australia

This is a list of Companions of the Order of Australia.=A==B=* Jim Bacon* General John Baker - Chief of the Defence Force 1995-98* Sir James Balderstone...
)
Officer (AO)
Member (AM)
Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM; from 1976).

History

The Order was established on 14 February 1975 by Letters patent

Letters patent

Letters patent are a type of legal instrument in the form of an open letter issued by a monarch or government, granting an office, right, government-granted monopoly, title, or status to a person or to some entity such as a corporation....
of Elizabeth II

Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom

Australian Labor Party

The Australian Labor Party is an List of political parties in Australia.Known as the Australian Labor Party#Etymology for short, the party is the current governing party of Australia, since the Australian federal election, 2007....
Prime Minister

Prime Minister of Australia

The Prime Minister of Australia is the head of government of the Australia, holding office on commission from the Governor-General of Australia....
Gough Whitlam

Gough Whitlam

'Edward Gough Whitlam', Order of Australia, Queens Counsel , known as 'Gough Whitlam' , is an Australian former politician and 21st Prime Minister of Australia....
. Before the establishment of the Order, Australian citizens received British honours

British honours system

The United Kingdom honours system is a means of rewarding individuals' personal bravery, achievement, or service to the United Kingdom. The system consists of three types of award: honours, decorations and medals:...
. The original Order had only three grades: Companion (AC), Officer (AO) and Member (AM).

On 24 May 1976, the further categories of Knight

Knight

File:Gothic armor 2.jpgKnight is the term for a social position originating in the Middle Ages. In the Commonwealth of Nations, knighthood is a non-heritable form of gentry....
(AK), Dame

Dame

Dame meaning "lady"; entered Middle English from Latin domina, mistress, via French dame, .A Dame may be:*A female rank equivalent to a knight ....
(AD), and Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) were established by the Queen on the advice of Whitlam's Liberal

Liberal Party of Australia

The Liberal Party of Australia is an List of political parties in Australia.Founded a year after the Australian federal election, 1943 to replace the United Australia Party, the centre-right Liberal Party competes with the centre-left Australian Labor Party for political office....
successor Malcolm Fraser

Malcolm Fraser

John Malcolm Fraser, Order of Australia, Order of the Companions of Honour is an Australian Liberal Party of Australia politician who was the 22nd Prime Minister of Australia....
.

Labor's Bob Hawke

Bob Hawke

Robert James Lee Hawke, Order of Australia was the 23rd Prime Minister of Australia and longest serving Australian Labor Party Prime Minister....
abolished the Knight and Dame categories. Following his 1983 election

Australian federal election, 1983

Federal elections were held in Australia on 5 March 1983. All 125 seats in the Australian House of Representatives, and all 64 seats in the Australian Senate, were up for election, in a double dissolution....
, on 3 March 1986 the Queen signed Letters Patent countersigned by Prime Minister Hawke, revoking the category of Knight or Dame. Existing Knights and Dames were not affected by the new patent. The Prince of Wales

Charles, Prince of Wales

The Prince Charles, Prince of Wales is the eldest child of Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, making him heir apparent, equally and separately, to the thrones of Commonwealth realm....
is a Knight of the Order of Australia.

The Queen of Australia is Sovereign of the Order while the Governor-General of Australia

Governor-General of Australia

Official Secretary to the Governor-General of Australia

The Official Secretary to the Governor-General of Australia and his staff provide Governor-General of Australia with the necessary support to enable them to carry out their constitutional, statutory, ceremonial and public duties....
is Secretary of the Order.

The Order of Australia is modelled closely upon the Order of Canada

Order of Canada

The Order of Canada is Canada's highest civilian order and is the centrepiece of the Orders, decorations, and medals of Canada. Membership in the order is accorded to those who exemplify the order's Latin motto, taken from Epistle to the Hebrews 11:16, desiderantes meliorem patriam, meaning "They desire a better country."...
. However, when compared with the Order of Canada, the Order of Australia has been awarded rather more liberally, especially in regard to honorary awards for foreigners. While the Order of Canada has only been awarded to twelve non-Canadians to date, more non-Australians have received the Order of Australia honour by comparison.

Appointment

The Order formerly consisted of four grades and a medal, in both general and military divisions. Knighthood of the Order was made in the general division only.

While State Governors

Governors of the Australian states

The Governors of the Australian states are the representatives in the six states of Australia of Australia's monarch, Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom....
can present the Officer, Member and Medal of the Order of Australia to his or her state's residents, only the Governor-General

Governor-General of Australia

The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia of the Monarchy of Australia . He or she exercises the supreme executive power of the Commonwealth....
can present the Companion level of the order.

The different grades of the Order are awarded according to the recipients' levels of achievement: Companion: for eminent achievement and merit of the highest degree in service to Australia or to humanity at large Officer: for distinguished service of a high degree to Australia or to humanity at large Member: for service in a particular locality or field of activity or to a particular group Medal of the Order of Australia: for service worthy of particular recognition

Any person may nominate any Australian citizen for an award. The nominations are reviewed by the Order of Australia Council, independent of any political interference, and then approved by the Governor-General. The Order is awarded twice annually: on Australia Day

Australia Day

Australia Day, also known as Anniversary Day and Foundation Day, is the official National Day of Australia. Celebrated annually on 26 January, the day commemorates the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788, the unfurling of the British flag at Sydney Cove and the proclamation of British sovereignty over the eastern seaboard of Austra...
, and on the Queen's Birthday public holiday in June, when public announcements are made about new awards.

Appointments to the Order are not made posthumously; however, if a nominee dies after accepting an appointment but before the relevant announcement date, the appointment still stands and it is announced as having effect from the date of the nominee's death.

Insignia

The badge of the Order of Australia is a convex disc (gold for AKs, ADs and ACs, gilt

Gilding

Gilding is the technique of applying a thin layer of gold to a surface. Gilding is performed through a mechanical process, known as leafing, or using one of many chemical processes....
for AOs, AMs and OAMs) representing the Golden Wattle

Golden Wattle

Golden Wattle is Australia's floral emblem. It is a small tree which flowers in late winter and spring, producing a mass of fragrant, fluffy, golden flowers....
flower. At the centre is a ring, representing the sea, with the word 'Australia' below two branches of golden wattle. The whole disc is topped by the Royal crown

Crown (headgear)

A crown is the traditional symbolic form of headgear worn by a monarch or by a deity, for whom the crown traditionally represents Political power, legitimacy, Crown of Immortality, righteousness, victory, Roman triumph, resurrection, honour and glory of life after death....
of St Edward. The AC badge is decorated with citrines, blue enamelled ring, and enamelled crown. The AO badge is similar, without the citrines. For the AM badge only the crown is enamelled, and the OAM badge is plain.

The star for knights and dames is a convex golden disc decorated with citrines, with a blue royally crowned inner disc bearing an image of the Coat of Arms of Australia

Coat of arms of Australia

The Coat of Arms of Australia is the official symbol of Australia. The initial coat of arms was granted by Edward VII of the United Kingdom on 7 May 1908, and the current version was granted by George V of the United Kingdom on 19 September 1912, although the 1908 version continued to be used in some contexts, notably appearing on the Sixpen...
.

The ribbon of the Order is blue with a central stripe of golden wattle flower designs; that of the military division has additional golden edge stripes. Male ACs and AOs wear their badges on a necklet

Neck order

A neck order is a type of decoration which is designed to be worn and displayed around a person's neck, rather than hung from the chest as is the standard practice for displaying most decorations....
; male AMs and OAMs wear them on a ribbon on the left chest. Women usually wear their badges on a bow on the left shoulder, although they may wear the same insignia as males, if so desired.

The Order's insignia were designed by Stuart Devlin

Stuart Devlin

Stuart Devlin is a significant contemporary gold and silversmith. Australian-born, he has designed coins for countries around the world, and became especially well-known as London-based designer of gold and silver collector's items in the 1970s and 80s....
.

Officials of the Order

Sovereign of the Order: HM The Queen
Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom

Elizabeth II is the queen regnant of sixteen independent states known as the Commonwealth realms: Monarchy of the United Kingdom, Monarchy of Canada, Monarchy of Australia, Monarchy of New Zealand, Monarchy of Jamaica, Monarchy of Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Monarchy of the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Sain...
Chancellor and Principal Companion: Quentin Bryce
Quentin Bryce

Quentin Alice Louise Bryce, Order of Australia, Venerable Order of Saint John is the current Governor-General of Australia and a former Governors of Queensland....
AC (Governor-General of Australia
Governor-General of Australia

The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia of the Monarchy of Australia . He or she exercises the supreme executive power of the Commonwealth....
)
Secretary: Stephen Brady
Stephen Brady

Stephen Brady is an Australian career diplomacy. Since September 2008 he has been the Official Secretary to the Governor-General of Australia, Ms Quentin Bryce....
(Official Secretary to the Governor-General of Australia
Official Secretary to the Governor-General of Australia

The Official Secretary to the Governor-General of Australia and his staff provide Governor-General of Australia with the necessary support to enable them to carry out their constitutional, statutory, ceremonial and public duties....
)

Knights and Dames

The category of Knight (AK) or Dame (AD) of the order was created on 24 May 1976, and was discontinued on 3 March 1986. Existing knights and dames were not affected by the removal of the category from the Letters Patent. During this period, twelve knights and two dames were created, of whom nine of the knights and both of the dames are now deceased.

This is a complete list of the knights and dames of the Order of Australia. It is shown in order of appointment; living knights are shown in bold:

Name	Known for	Date of appointment	Date of death
Sir John Kerr AK GCMG Order of St Michael and St George The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George IV of the United Kingdom whilst he was acting as Prince Regent for his father, George III of the United Kingdom.... GCVO Royal Victorian Order The Royal Victorian Order is a dynastic order of knighthood and a House Order of chivalry in the Commonwealth realms. Created by Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom on 21 April 1896, with the motto Victoria and 20 June as the official day, the order was established to recognise those who have served the monarch with distinction, each be...	Governor-General Governor-General of Australia The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia of the Monarchy of Australia . He or she exercises the supreme executive power of the Commonwealth....	24 May 1976	24 March 1991
Sir Robert Menzies Robert Menzies Sir Robert Gordon Menzies, Order of the Thistle, Order of Australia, Order of the Companions of Honour, Queen's Counsel , Australian politician, was the twelfth Prime Minister of Australia.... KT Order of the Thistle The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle is an order of chivalry associated with Scotland. The current version of the Order was founded in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland who asserted that he was reviving an earlier Order.... AK CH Order of the Companions of Honour The Order of the Companions of Honour is a United Kingdom and Commonwealth of Nations Order . It was founded by George V of the United Kingdom in June 1917, as a reward for outstanding achievements in the arts, literature, music, science, politics, industry, or religion.... QC Queen's Counsel Queen's Counsel , known as King's Counsel during the reign of a male Monarch, are lawyers appointed by letters patent to be one of "Her [or His] Majesty's Counsel learned in the law"....	Prime Minister Prime Minister of Australia The Prime Minister of Australia is the head of government of the Australia, holding office on commission from the Governor-General of Australia....	7 June 1976	15 May 1978
Sir Colin Syme Colin Syme Sir Colin York Syme Order of Australia was an Australian lawyer, businessman, technological innovator, and medical research administrator. He was noted as Chairman of BHP Billiton for nineteen years , and President of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research for seventeen years .... AK	Industrialist	6 June 1977	1986
Sir Zelman Cowen Zelman Cowen Sir Zelman Cowen, Order of Australia, Order of St Michael and St George, Royal Victorian Order, Venerable Order of St John, Queen's Counsel , was the 19th Governor-General of Australia.... AK GCMG Order of St Michael and St George The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George IV of the United Kingdom whilst he was acting as Prince Regent for his father, George III of the United Kingdom.... GCVO Royal Victorian Order The Royal Victorian Order is a dynastic order of knighthood and a House Order of chivalry in the Commonwealth realms. Created by Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom on 21 April 1896, with the motto Victoria and 20 June as the official day, the order was established to recognise those who have served the monarch with distinction, each be... QC Queen's Counsel Queen's Counsel , known as King's Counsel during the reign of a male Monarch, are lawyers appointed by letters patent to be one of "Her [or His] Majesty's Counsel learned in the law"....	Governor-General	8 December 1977	*living*
Sir MacFarlane Burnet Frank Macfarlane Burnet Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Order of Merit, Order of Australia, Order of the British Empire , usually known as Macfarlane or Mac Burnet, was an Australian virology best known for his contributions to immunology.... OM Order of Merit The Order of Merit is a United Kingdom and Commonwealth of Nations Order bestowed by the Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom. It was established in 1902 by King Edward VII of the United Kingdom as a reward for distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or for the promotion of culture.... AK KBE Order of the British Empire The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a United Kingdom order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V of the United Kingdom....	Nobel laureate Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded once a year by the Swedish Karolinska Institutet. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Physiology or Medic...	26 January 1978	31 August 1985
Dame Alexandra Hasluck Alexandra Hasluck Dame Alexandra Margaret Martin Hasluck, Lady Hasluck, Order of Australia, was an author and social history in Western Australia.Born Alexandra Darker in Perth, Western Australia in 1908, she graduated from the University of Western Australia.... AD	Historian	6 June 1978	18 June 1993
Dame Enid Lyons Enid Lyons Dame Enid Muriel Lyons, Order of Australia, Order of the British Empire was an Australian politician and the first woman to be elected to the Australian House of Representatives as well as the first woman appointed to the Cabinet of Australia.... AD GBE Order of the British Empire The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a United Kingdom order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V of the United Kingdom....	Politician	26 January 1980	2 September 1981
HRH The Prince of Wales Charles, Prince of Wales The Prince Charles, Prince of Wales is the eldest child of Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, making him heir apparent, equally and separately, to the thrones of Commonwealth realm.... AK others List of titles and honours of Charles, Prince of Wales Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, has received numerous titles, decorations, and honorary appointments during his time as heir apparent the thrones of the Commonwealth realms....	Royalty	14 March 1981	*living*
Sir Roden Cutler Arthur Roden Cutler Sir Arthur Roden Cutler, Victoria Cross, Order of Australia, Order of St Michael and St George, Royal Victorian Order, Order of British Empire , usually known simply as Roden Cutler, was an Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to Co... VC Victoria Cross The Victoria Cross is the highest military decoration which is, or has been, awarded for valour "in the face of the enemy" to members of the armed forces of various Commonwealth of Nations countries, and previous British Empire territories.... AK KCMG Order of St Michael and St George The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George IV of the United Kingdom whilst he was acting as Prince Regent for his father, George III of the United Kingdom.... KCVO Royal Victorian Order The Royal Victorian Order is a dynastic order of knighthood and a House Order of chivalry in the Commonwealth realms. Created by Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom on 21 April 1896, with the motto Victoria and 20 June as the official day, the order was established to recognise those who have served the monarch with distinction, each be... CBE	Soldier, state governor	7 April 1981	22 February 2002
Sir Garfield Barwick Garfield Barwick Sir Garfield Edward John Barwick Order of Australia Order of St Michael and St George Queen's Counsel was the Attorney-General of Australia , Minister for External Affairs and the seventh and List of Chief Justices of Australia by time in office Chief Justice of Australia .... AK GCMG	Judge Chief Justice of Australia The Chief Justice of Australia is the senior justice of the High Court of Australia and the highest-ranking judicial officer in the Commonwealth of Australia....	8 June 1981	14 July 1997
Sir Charles Court Charles Court Sir Charles Walter Michael Court, Order of Australia, Order of St Michael and St George, Order of the British Empire, was a Western Australian politician, 21st Premier of Western Australia and member for the Electoral district of Nedlands for the Liberal Party of Australia for nearly 30 years.... AK KCMG Order of St Michael and St George The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George IV of the United Kingdom whilst he was acting as Prince Regent for his father, George III of the United Kingdom.... OBE Order of the British Empire The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a United Kingdom order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V of the United Kingdom....	State premier Premier of Western Australia The Premier of Western Australia is the head of the executive government in the Australian State of Western Australia. He or she performs the same functions in Western Australia as the Prime Minister of Australia does at the national level....	14 June 1982	22 December 2007
Sir Ninian Stephen Ninian Stephen Sir Ninian Martin Stephen, Order of the Garter, Order of Australia, Order of St Michael and St George, Royal Victorian Order, Order of the British Empire, Queen's Counsel was the 20th Governor-General of Australia and a Justice in the High Court of Australia.... KG Order of the Garter The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry, or knighthood, originating in medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms; it is the pinnacle of the Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom.... AK GCMG Order of St Michael and St George The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George IV of the United Kingdom whilst he was acting as Prince Regent for his father, George III of the United Kingdom.... GCVO Royal Victorian Order The Royal Victorian Order is a dynastic order of knighthood and a House Order of chivalry in the Commonwealth realms. Created by Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom on 21 April 1896, with the motto Victoria and 20 June as the official day, the order was established to recognise those who have served the monarch with distinction, each be... KBE Order of the British Empire The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a United Kingdom order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V of the United Kingdom.... QC Queen's Counsel Queen's Counsel , known as King's Counsel during the reign of a male Monarch, are lawyers appointed by letters patent to be one of "Her [or His] Majesty's Counsel learned in the law"....	Governor-General, judge	29 July 1982	*living*
Sir Roy Wright Roy Douglas Wright Sir Roy Douglas Wright Order of Australia was an Australian physiologist, known to his colleagues as "Pansy Wright".He was born in Central Castra, Tasmania.... AK	Physiologist	26 January 1983	28 February 1990
Sir Gordon Jackson Gordon Jackson (businessman) Sir Ronald Gordon Jackson Order of Australia, commonly known as Gordon Jackson was an Australian businessman.He was educated at Brisbane Grammar School and the University of Queensland.... AK	Industrialist	13 June 1983	1 June 1991

The Order of Australia Association

On 26 January 1980 recipients of awards in the Order formed the Order of Australia Association. This organisation seeks to aid the members of the Order in their pursuits related to the development and maintenance of Australia's culture

Culture

Culture is difficult to define. For example, in 1952, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of 164 definitions of "culture" in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions....
and traditions. The organisation also attempts to increase awareness of those honoured by the Order, since many of their number are not household names, despite their contributions. Branches of the Association can be found in all the states and territories of Australia

States and territories of Australia

The Australia is made up of six states and two major mainland territories. There are also lesser territories that are under the administration of the federal government....
.

Honorary awards

Awards in the Order of Australia are sometimes made to people who are not citizens of Australia, to honour extraordinary achievements. These achievements, or the people themselves, are not necessarily associated with Australia, although they often are. Notable honorary awards include:

Honorary Companion:

Aung San Suu Kyi
Aung San Suu Kyi

Aung San Suu Kyi Companion of the Order of Australia ; born 19 June 1945 in Rangoon, is a pro-democracy activist and leader of the National League for Democracy in Burma, and a noted prisoner of conscience and advocate of nonviolence resistance....
, Mother Teresa
Mother Teresa

Mother Teresa , born Agnes? Gonxhe Bojaxhiu, was an Albanian people Roman Catholic Church nun with Indian citizenship who founded the Missionaries of Charity in Kolkata , India in 1950....
, Jacques-Yves Cousteau
Jacques-Yves Cousteau

Jacques-Yves Cousteau was a France naval officer, exploration, ecologist, filmmaker, innovator, scientist, photographer, author and researcher who studied the sea and all forms of life in water....
, Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was the first President of South Africa of South Africa to be elected in a universal suffrage democratic election, serving in the office from 1994?99....
, Nicole Kidman
Nicole Kidman

Nicole Mary Kidman, Order of Australia is an Academy Award-winning Hawaiian-born Australian actress, fashion model, singer, United Nations Citizen of the World award-winning humanitarian, and a UNIFEM and UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador....
, Turgut Özal
Turgut Özal

Halil Turgut ?zal was a Turkey Liberalism political leader, prime minister and the 8th president of Turkey. As prime minister and later president, he transformed the economy of Turkey by paving the way for the privatization of many state enterprises....
, Michel Rocard
Michel Rocard

Michel Rocard is a French politician, member of the Socialist Party . He served as Prime Minister of France under Fran?ois Mitterrand from 1988 to 1991, during which he created the Revenu minimum d'insertion , a social minimum welfare program for indigents, and led the Matignon Agreements regarding the status of New Caledonia....
, Dame Kiri Te Kanawa
Kiri Te Kanawa

Dame Kiri Janette Te Kanawa, Order of New Zealand, Order of the British Empire, Order of Australia, is a New Zealand soprano who had a highly successful international opera career between 1968-2004....
, Jørn Utzon
Jørn Utzon

J?rn Oberg Utzon, Order of Australia was a Danish architect most notable for designing the Sydney Opera House in Australia....
and Rolf Zinkernagel
Rolf M. Zinkernagel

Rolf Martin Zinkernagel is Professor of Experimental Immunology at the University of Zurich.Together with the Australian Peter C. Doherty he received the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of how the immune system recognizes virus-infected cells....

Honorary Officer:

Ali Alatas
Ali Alatas

Ali Alatas was an Indonesian Diplomacy of Hadhramaut descent, who served as the country's foreign minister from 1988 to 1999.A trained lawyer who also had a brief stint as a journalist, Alatas joined the Indonesian foreign service in 1954 as a 22-year-old....
, Edo de Waart
Edo de Waart

Edo de Waart is a Netherlands conducting of Orchestra and opera . He is the chief conductor of the Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra and Santa Fe Opera and music director designate of the Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra....
, Mel Gibson
Mel Gibson

Mel Columcille Gerard Gibson, Officer of the Order of Australia is an Australian-American actor, film director, film producer and screenwriter....
, Maina Gielgud
Maina Gielgud

Maina Gielgud is a former British ballet dancer and a veteran ballet administrator. She was artistic director of the Australian Ballet from 1983 to 1996 and is that company's longest serving director to date....
, Romaldo Giurgola
Romaldo Giurgola

Romaldo Giurgola is an Italy-United States-Australian academic architect, professor, and author. Giurgola was born in Rome in 1920. After service in the Italian armed forces during World War II, he was educated at the Sapienza University of Rome....
, Hiroyuki Iwaki
Hiroyuki Iwaki

was a Japanese conducting and percussionist.Iwaki was born in Tokyo. He made his conducting debut with the NHK Symphony Orchestra in 1956, and was later made a permanent guest conductor of that orchestra....
, Clive Lloyd
Clive Lloyd

Clive Hubert Lloyd Commander of the British Empire born 31 August 1944 in Georgetown, Guyana, British Guiana , is a former West Indies cricketer....
, Jerzy Toeplitz
Jerzy Toeplitz

Jerzy Toeplitz was born in 1909 in Charkof in the Soviet Union. He was educated in Warsaw. After World War II he was the co-founder of the Polish Film School, and later took up an appointment in Australia for the Film and TV School....
, Malcolm Williamson
Malcolm Williamson

Malcolm Benjamin Graham Christopher Williamson Order of Australia , Order of the British Empire was an Australian composer and Master of the Queen's Music from 1975 to 2003....
, and James Wolfensohn
James Wolfensohn

James David Wolfensohn Order of the British Empire, Order of Australia was the ninth president of the World Bank Group....
.
Fred Hollows
Fred Hollows

Frederick Cossom Hollows, Order of Australia was an ophthalmologist who became known for his work in restoring eyesight for countless thousands of people in Australia and many other countries....
, then a New Zealand citizen, was made an honorary Officer in 1985. He became an Australian citizen in 1989, and in 1991 was appointed a substantive Companion of the order.

Honorary Member:

Terri Irwin
Terri Irwin

Theresa Penelope Irwin , Order of Australia is an United States-born Natural history, author, the widow of Australian naturalist Steve Irwin, and owner of Australia Zoo at Beerwah, Queensland, Queensland, Australia....
, and Robyn Williams
Robyn Williams

Robyn Williams Order of Australia is an Australian, Welsh-born science journalist and Presenter who has hosted the Science Show on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation since 1975, Ockham's Razor and In Conversation ....
.

External links

including list of the Order, its history and its "Constitution" (statutes).

Order of Australia

History

Appointment

Insignia

Officials of the Order

Knights and Dames

The Order of Australia Association

Honorary awards

See also

Recipient categories

External links