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Martin Heinrich Klaproth

 
Martin Heinrich Klaproth

 
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Martin Heinrich Klaproth
 
 
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Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1 December 1743 – 1 January 1817) was a German chemist
Chemist

A chemist is a scientist trained in the science of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties such as density, acidity, size and shape....
.

Klaproth was born in Wernigerode
Wernigerode

Wernigerode is a town in the Harz , Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Until 2007 it was the capital of the Wernigerode . Its population was 35,500 in 1999....
. During a large portion of his life he followed the profession of an apothecary
Apothecary

Apothecary is a historical name for a medicine who formulates and dispenses materia medica to physicians, surgery and patients ? a role now served by a pharmacist ....
. After acting as assistant in pharmacies at Quedlinburg
Quedlinburg

Quedlinburg is a town located north of the Harz mountains, in the Harz in the west of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. In 1994 the medieval old town was set on the UNESCO World Heritage Site....
, Hanover
Hanover

Hanover or Hannover#Definitions , on the river Leine, is the capital city of the Federal states of Germany of Lower Saxony , Germany and was once by personal union the family seat of the House of Hanover, in their dignities as the dukes of Brunswick-L?neburg ....
, Berlin and Danzig successively he came to Berlin on the death of Valentin Rose the Elder
Valentin Rose the Elder

Valentin Rose the Elder was a German pharmacist and chemist who was a native of Neuruppin. He is remembered for creation of a fusible alloy known as Rose metal, which is comprised of lead, bismuth and tin....
 in 1771 as manager of his business, and in 1780 he started an establishment on his own account in the same city, where from 1782 he was pharmaceutical assessor of the Ober-Collegium Medicum.






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Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1 December 1743 – 1 January 1817) was a German chemist
Chemist

A chemist is a scientist trained in the science of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties such as density, acidity, size and shape....
.

Klaproth was born in Wernigerode
Wernigerode

Wernigerode is a town in the Harz , Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Until 2007 it was the capital of the Wernigerode . Its population was 35,500 in 1999....
. During a large portion of his life he followed the profession of an apothecary
Apothecary

Apothecary is a historical name for a medicine who formulates and dispenses materia medica to physicians, surgery and patients ? a role now served by a pharmacist ....
. After acting as assistant in pharmacies at Quedlinburg
Quedlinburg

Quedlinburg is a town located north of the Harz mountains, in the Harz in the west of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. In 1994 the medieval old town was set on the UNESCO World Heritage Site....
, Hanover
Hanover

Hanover or Hannover#Definitions , on the river Leine, is the capital city of the Federal states of Germany of Lower Saxony , Germany and was once by personal union the family seat of the House of Hanover, in their dignities as the dukes of Brunswick-L?neburg ....
, Berlin and Danzig successively he came to Berlin on the death of Valentin Rose the Elder
Valentin Rose the Elder

Valentin Rose the Elder was a German pharmacist and chemist who was a native of Neuruppin. He is remembered for creation of a fusible alloy known as Rose metal, which is comprised of lead, bismuth and tin....
 in 1771 as manager of his business, and in 1780 he started an establishment on his own account in the same city, where from 1782 he was pharmaceutical assessor of the Ober-Collegium Medicum. In 1787 he was appointed lecturer in chemistry
Chemistry

Chemistry is the science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions....
 to the Prussia
Prussia

Prussia was, most recently, a historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. This state had for centuries substantial influence on Germany and European history....
n Royal Artillery, and when the university
Humboldt University of Berlin

The Humboldt University of Berlin is Berlin's oldest university, founded in 1810 as the University of Berlin by the liberal Prussian educational reformer and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt, whose university model has strongly influenced other European and Western universities....
 was founded in 1810 he was selected to be the professor of chemistry. He died in Berlin on New Year's Day
New Year's Day

New Year's Day is the first day of the new year. On the modern Gregorian calendar, it is celebrated on January 1, as it was also in ancient Rome ....
 in 1817. Klaproth was the leading chemist of his time in Germany.

An exact and conscientious worker, he did much to improve and systematize the processes of analytical chemistry
Analytical chemistry

Analytical chemistry is the study of the chemical composition of natural and artificial materials. Unlike other major sub disciplines of chemistry such as inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry, analytical chemistry is not restricted to any particular type of chemical compound or chemical reaction....
 and mineralogy
Mineralogy

Mineralogy is an Earth Science focused around the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical properties of minerals. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, as well as their utilization....
, and his appreciation of the value of quantitative methods led him to become one of the earliest adherents of the Lavoisierian doctrines outside France. Klaproth found the element titanium
Titanium

Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. Sometimes called the ?space age metal?, it has a low density and is a strong, lustrous, corrosion-resistant transition metal with a silver colour....
 in the ore rutile
Rutile

Rutile is a mineral composed primarily of titanium dioxide, titaniumoxygen2.Rutile is the most common natural form of TiO2....
 in 1791, believing it to be a new discovery, however, William Gregor
William Gregor

William Gregor was the British people clergyman and mineralogist who discovered the elemental metal titanium....
 is credited with the discovery of titanium, having found the metal in a different ore, (ilmenite
Ilmenite

Ilmenite is a weakly Magnetism titanium-iron oxide mineral which is iron-black or steel-gray. It is a crystalline iron titanium oxide . It crystallizes in the trigonal system, and it has the same crystal structure as corundum and hematite....
), before Klaproth, although in the same year. He was the first to discover uranium
Uranium

Uranium is a silvery-gray metallic chemical element in the actinide series of the periodic table that has the chemical symbol U and atomic number 92....
 and zirconium
Zirconium

Zirconium is a chemical element with the symbol Zr and atomic number 40. It is a lustrous, gray-white, strong transition metal that resembles titanium....
, and to characterize them as distinct elements
Chemical element

A chemical element is a type of atom that is distinguished by its atomic number; that is, by the number of protons in its atomic nucleus. The term is also used to refer to a pure chemical Chemical substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons....
, though he did not obtain any of them in the pure metal
Metal

In chemistry, a metal is a chemical element whose atoms readily lose electrons to form positive ions , and form metallic bonds between other metal atoms and ionic bonds between nonmetal atoms....
lic state; and he elucidated the composition of numerous substances till then imperfectly known, including compounds of the then newly recognized elements: tellurium
Tellurium

Tellurium is a chemical element that has the symbol Te and atomic number 52. A brittle silver-white metalloid which looks like tin, tellurium is chemically related to selenium and sulfur....
, strontium
Strontium

Strontium is a chemical element with the symbol Sr and the atomic number 38. An alkaline earth metal, strontium is a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element that is highly reactive chemically....
, cerium
Cerium

Cerium is a chemical element with the symbol Ce and atomic number 58....
 and chromium
Chromium

Chromium is a chemical element which has the symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is a steely-gray, Lustre , hard metal that takes a high polish and has a high melting point....
.

His papers, over 200 in number, were collected by himself in Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntnis der Mineralkörper (5 vols., 1795-1810) and Chemische Abhandlungen gemischten Inhalts (1815). He also published a Chemisches Wörterbuch (1807-1810), and edited a revised edition of F. A. C. Gren
Friedrich Albrecht Carl Gren

Friedrich Albrecht Carl Gren was a German chemist who was a native of Bernburg. He began his career working in a pharmacy in Bernburg, and later worked as a pharmacist in Offenbach am Main and Erfurt....
’s Handbuch der Chemie (1806).

The crater Klaproth
Klaproth (crater)

Klaproth is an old moon Impact crater that lies in the rugged southern highlands of the Moon's near side. Due to its location, this crater appears significantly foreshortened when viewed from the Earth....
 on the Moon
Moon

The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite and the List of natural satellites by diameter satellite in the Solar System. The average centre-to-centre distance from the Earth to the Moon is km, about thirty times the diameter of the Earth....
 is named after him.

His son Julius
Julius Klaproth

Julius Heinrich Klaproth , German linguist, historian, ethnographer, author, Orientalist and explorer.Klaproth was born in Berlin in October of 1783, the son of the chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth....
 was a famous orientalist.

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