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This article deals with the historical duchy of Limburg, for other meanings see Limburg
Limburg

Limburg may refer to:...
.


The Duchy of Limburg was a historical region in the Low Countries
Low Countries

The Low Countries, the historical region of de Nederlanden, are the country on low-lying land around the river delta of the Rhine, Scheldt, and Meuse River rivers....
. It consisted of parts of the present Belgian
Belgium

* A small German-speaking Community of Belgium exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political and cultural conflicts are reflected in the history of Belgium and a complex Communities and regions of Belgium....
 provinces Liège
Liège (province)

Li?ge is the easternmost Provinces of regions in Belgium of the Wallonia, in Belgium. It is predominantly French language speaking, with a German language speaking minority living along the eastern border with Germany and Luxembourg....
 (northeastern part) and Limburg
Limburg (Belgium)

Limburg is the easternmost province of Flanders , and is located west of the Maas River river. It borders on the Netherlands and the Belgian provinces of Li?ge , Flemish Brabant and Antwerp ....
 (a.o. Voeren
Voeren

Voeren is a Flanders municipality located in the Belgium province of Limburg . It borders The Netherlands to the north and the Wallonia province of Li?ge to the South, but isn't geographically connected to the rest of Flanders....
, Rekem
Lanaken

Lanaken is a municipality located in the Belgium province of Limburg . On January 1 2007 Lanaken had a total population of 24,724. The total area is 59.00 km? which gives a population density of 415 inhabitants per km?....
), the Dutch
Netherlands

The Netherlands is a country that is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands is located in North-West Europe, and bordered by the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east....
 province of Limburg
Limburg (Netherlands)

Limburg is the southern-most of the twelve provinces of the Netherlands of the Netherlands. It is located in the southeastern part of the country and bordered by Belgium to the south and part of the west, Germany to the east, the Dutch province of North Brabant partly to the west, and the province of Gelderland to the north....
 (southern part), and a small part of North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia

North Rhine - Westphalia is the westernmost and - in terms of population and economic output - the largest States of Germany of Germany. North Rhine - Westphalia has over 18 million inhabitants, contributes about 22% of Germany's gross domestic product and comprises a land area of 34,083 km? ....
 in Germany
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
 (a.o. Herzogenrath
Herzogenrath

Herzogenrath is a municipality in the Aachen in the Germany state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It borders to the Netherlands town of Kerkrade, the national border in one section running along the middle of a main road....
).

In Roman times, Limburg was situated in the Roman provinces of Germania Inferior
Germania Inferior

Germania Inferior was a Ancient Rome Roman provinces located on the left bank of the Rhine, in today's southern and western Netherlands, parts of Flanders, and North Rhine-Westphalia left of the Rhine....
 and inhabited by Celtic tribes, until Germanic peoples
Germanic peoples

File:Germanische-ratsversammlung 1-1250x715.jpgThe Germanic peoples are a historical Ethnolinguistics group, originating in Northern Europe and identified by their use of the Indo-European languages Germanic languages which diversified out of Common Germanic in the course of the Pre-Roman Iron Age....
 replaced them and made an end to roman imperial rule
Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
.

Its most important cities were Limbourg
Limbourg

Limbourg is a medieval city located in the province of Li?ge , Wallonia, Belgium. On July 1 2006 Limbourg had a total population of 5,669. The total area is 24.63 square kilometre which gives a population density of 230 inhabitants per km?....
 and Eupen
Eupen

Eupen is a municipality located in the Belgium province of Li?ge , 15 km from the Germany border , from the Netherlands border and from the nature reservation "Hohes Venn" ....
.

Today the historic Duchy of Limburg is territorially divided up between Belgium
Belgium

* A small German-speaking Community of Belgium exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political and cultural conflicts are reflected in the history of Belgium and a complex Communities and regions of Belgium....
, the Netherlands
Netherlands

The Netherlands is a country that is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands is located in North-West Europe, and bordered by the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east....
 and Germany
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
.

Duchy of Limburg, situated in the Low Countries
Low Countries

The Low Countries, the historical region of de Nederlanden, are the country on low-lying land around the river delta of the Rhine, Scheldt, and Meuse River rivers....
 between the river Meuse
Meuse River

File:01-Namur-290305 JPG.jpgThe Meuse , is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea....
 and the city of Aachen
Aachen

is a historic spa town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the westernmost city of Germany, located along its borders with Belgium and the Netherlands, 65 km west of Cologne....
, was a state of the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
 and the German Confederation
German Confederation

The German Confederation was the association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to serve as the successor to the Holy Roman Empire, which had been abolished in 1806....
.






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This article deals with the historical duchy of Limburg, for other meanings see Limburg
Limburg

Limburg may refer to:...
.


The Duchy of Limburg was a historical region in the Low Countries
Low Countries

The Low Countries, the historical region of de Nederlanden, are the country on low-lying land around the river delta of the Rhine, Scheldt, and Meuse River rivers....
. It consisted of parts of the present Belgian
Belgium

* A small German-speaking Community of Belgium exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political and cultural conflicts are reflected in the history of Belgium and a complex Communities and regions of Belgium....
 provinces Liège
Liège (province)

Li?ge is the easternmost Provinces of regions in Belgium of the Wallonia, in Belgium. It is predominantly French language speaking, with a German language speaking minority living along the eastern border with Germany and Luxembourg....
 (northeastern part) and Limburg
Limburg (Belgium)

Limburg is the easternmost province of Flanders , and is located west of the Maas River river. It borders on the Netherlands and the Belgian provinces of Li?ge , Flemish Brabant and Antwerp ....
 (a.o. Voeren
Voeren

Voeren is a Flanders municipality located in the Belgium province of Limburg . It borders The Netherlands to the north and the Wallonia province of Li?ge to the South, but isn't geographically connected to the rest of Flanders....
, Rekem
Lanaken

Lanaken is a municipality located in the Belgium province of Limburg . On January 1 2007 Lanaken had a total population of 24,724. The total area is 59.00 km? which gives a population density of 415 inhabitants per km?....
), the Dutch
Netherlands

The Netherlands is a country that is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands is located in North-West Europe, and bordered by the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east....
 province of Limburg
Limburg (Netherlands)

Limburg is the southern-most of the twelve provinces of the Netherlands of the Netherlands. It is located in the southeastern part of the country and bordered by Belgium to the south and part of the west, Germany to the east, the Dutch province of North Brabant partly to the west, and the province of Gelderland to the north....
 (southern part), and a small part of North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia

North Rhine - Westphalia is the westernmost and - in terms of population and economic output - the largest States of Germany of Germany. North Rhine - Westphalia has over 18 million inhabitants, contributes about 22% of Germany's gross domestic product and comprises a land area of 34,083 km? ....
 in Germany
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
 (a.o. Herzogenrath
Herzogenrath

Herzogenrath is a municipality in the Aachen in the Germany state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It borders to the Netherlands town of Kerkrade, the national border in one section running along the middle of a main road....
).

In Roman times, Limburg was situated in the Roman provinces of Germania Inferior
Germania Inferior

Germania Inferior was a Ancient Rome Roman provinces located on the left bank of the Rhine, in today's southern and western Netherlands, parts of Flanders, and North Rhine-Westphalia left of the Rhine....
 and inhabited by Celtic tribes, until Germanic peoples
Germanic peoples

File:Germanische-ratsversammlung 1-1250x715.jpgThe Germanic peoples are a historical Ethnolinguistics group, originating in Northern Europe and identified by their use of the Indo-European languages Germanic languages which diversified out of Common Germanic in the course of the Pre-Roman Iron Age....
 replaced them and made an end to roman imperial rule
Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
.

Its most important cities were Limbourg
Limbourg

Limbourg is a medieval city located in the province of Li?ge , Wallonia, Belgium. On July 1 2006 Limbourg had a total population of 5,669. The total area is 24.63 square kilometre which gives a population density of 230 inhabitants per km?....
 and Eupen
Eupen

Eupen is a municipality located in the Belgium province of Li?ge , 15 km from the Germany border , from the Netherlands border and from the nature reservation "Hohes Venn" ....
.

Today the historic Duchy of Limburg is territorially divided up between Belgium
Belgium

* A small German-speaking Community of Belgium exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political and cultural conflicts are reflected in the history of Belgium and a complex Communities and regions of Belgium....
, the Netherlands
Netherlands

The Netherlands is a country that is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands is located in North-West Europe, and bordered by the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east....
 and Germany
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
.

History

The Duchy of Limburg, situated in the Low Countries
Low Countries

The Low Countries, the historical region of de Nederlanden, are the country on low-lying land around the river delta of the Rhine, Scheldt, and Meuse River rivers....
 between the river Meuse
Meuse River

File:01-Namur-290305 JPG.jpgThe Meuse , is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea....
 and the city of Aachen
Aachen

is a historic spa town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the westernmost city of Germany, located along its borders with Belgium and the Netherlands, 65 km west of Cologne....
, was a state of the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
 and the German Confederation
German Confederation

The German Confederation was the association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to serve as the successor to the Holy Roman Empire, which had been abolished in 1806....
. Its territory is presently divided between the Belgian
Belgium

* A small German-speaking Community of Belgium exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political and cultural conflicts are reflected in the history of Belgium and a complex Communities and regions of Belgium....
 provinces of Liège
Liège (province)

Li?ge is the easternmost Provinces of regions in Belgium of the Wallonia, in Belgium. It is predominantly French language speaking, with a German language speaking minority living along the eastern border with Germany and Luxembourg....
 and Limburg
Limburg (Belgium)

Limburg is the easternmost province of Flanders , and is located west of the Maas River river. It borders on the Netherlands and the Belgian provinces of Li?ge , Flemish Brabant and Antwerp ....
 (Voeren
Voeren

Voeren is a Flanders municipality located in the Belgium province of Limburg . It borders The Netherlands to the north and the Wallonia province of Li?ge to the South, but isn't geographically connected to the rest of Flanders....
) and the Dutch
Netherlands

The Netherlands is a country that is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands is located in North-West Europe, and bordered by the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east....
 province of Limburg
Limburg (Netherlands)

Limburg is the southern-most of the twelve provinces of the Netherlands of the Netherlands. It is located in the southeastern part of the country and bordered by Belgium to the south and part of the west, Germany to the east, the Dutch province of North Brabant partly to the west, and the province of Gelderland to the north....
.

The duchy was formed in the 11th century around the town of Limbourg
Limbourg

Limbourg is a medieval city located in the province of Li?ge , Wallonia, Belgium. On July 1 2006 Limbourg had a total population of 5,669. The total area is 24.63 square kilometre which gives a population density of 230 inhabitants per km?....
 in present-day Belgium. After Irmgard, last Duchess of Limburg, died childless in 1283, a war of succession broke out. The Duke of Brabant
Duchy of Brabant

The Duchy of Brabant was a historical region in the Low Countries. It consisted of not only the three modern-day Belgium provinces of Flemish Brabant, Walloon Brabant and Antwerp as well as the Brussels-Capital Region, but also the present-day Netherlands province of North Brabant....
 won the Battle of Worringen
Battle of Worringen

File:Johann von Brabant Heidelberger Liederhandschrift.jpgThe Battle of Worringen was fought on June 5, 1288 near the town of Worringen , which is now the northern-most borough of Cologne....
 in 1288, thereby gaining control of the Duchy of Limburg. Limburg remained a separate entity both under the rule of Burgundy
Duchy of Burgundy

The Duchy of Burgundy was a feudal territory once existing within the France in the Middle Ages. It roughly conforms to the modern Bourgogne. Existing between 843 and 1477, the Duchy was ruled by a succession of Duke of Burgundy, whose extinction with the death of Charles the Bold in 1477 led to the Duchy being absorbed into the French crown...
 after 1430 and that of the Habsburg
Habsburg

The House of Habsburg was an important royal house of Europe and is best known as supplying all of the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors between 1452 and 1740, as well as rulers of Spanish Empire and the Austrian Empire....
s after 1477. Combined with the Landen van Overmaas (the lands across the Meuse: Dalhem
Dalhem

Dalhem is a Wallonia municipality located in the Belgium province of Li?ge . On January 1 2006 Dalhem had a total population of 6,486. The total area is 36.06 km? which gives a population density of 180 inhabitants per km?....
, Rolduc
Rolduc

Rolduc is a major Roman Catholic Church seminary of priestly formation and an affiliated conferencing center in Kerkrade in the Netherlands. The name comes from Rode-le-Duc, an older French language name for the neighboring Germany city of Herzogenrath....
 and Valkenburg
Valkenburg aan de Geul

Valkenburg aan de Geul is a municipality in the southeastern Netherlands....
), it was one of the Seventeen Provinces
Seventeen Provinces

The Seventeen Provinces were a personal union of states in the Low Countries in the 15th century and 16th century, roughly covering the current Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, a good part of the North of France , and a small part of the West of Germany....
. Significant towns in Limburg proper were Herve
Herve

Herve is a Wallonia municipality of Belgium in Liege . On January 1 2006 Herve had a total population of 16,772. The total area is 56.84 km? which gives a population density of 295 inhabitants per km?....
, Montzen
Plombières

Plombi?res is a Wallonia municipality located in the Belgium province of Li?ge . On January 1 2006, Plombi?res had a total population of 9,672....
, Lontzen
Lontzen

Lontzen is a municipality located in the Belgium province of Li?ge . On January 1 2006 Lontzen had a total population of 5,071. The total area is 28.73 square kilometre which gives a population density of 177 inhabitants per km?....
, Eupen
Eupen

Eupen is a municipality located in the Belgium province of Li?ge , 15 km from the Germany border , from the Netherlands border and from the nature reservation "Hohes Venn" ....
, Baelen
Baelen

Baelen is a Belgium municipality located in the Wallonia province of Li?ge . On January 1 2006 Baelen had a total population of 4,060. The total area is 85.73 km? which gives a population density of 47.36 inhabitants per km?....
 and Esneux
Esneux

Esneux is a Wallonia municipality located in the Belgium province of Li?ge . On January 1 2006 Esneux had a total population of 13,072. The total area is 34.05 km? which gives a population density of 384 inhabitants per km?....
.

At the Peace of Westphalia
Peace of Westphalia

The term Peace of Westphalia refers to the two Peace treaty of Osnabr?ck and M?nster, signed on May 15 and October 24, 1648, respectively, and written in Latin, that ended both the Thirty Years' War in the Holy Roman Empire and the Dutch Revolt between Spain and the Dutch Republic....
 which ended the Eighty Years' War in 1648, an area known as Staats-Limburg and consisting of parts of Limburg and Overmaas was ceded to the United Provinces
Dutch Republic

The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands was a European republic between 1581 and 1795, in about the same location as the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands, which is the successor state....
. In 1661, the Dutch and the Spanish agreed on the partition of the county of Dalhem. The remainder of the duchy (including Limburg proper) remained under Spanish rule as part of the Southern Netherlands
Southern Netherlands

The Southern Netherlands were a part of the Low Countries controlled by Spain , Austria and captured by France . This region comprised most of modern Belgium and Luxembourg as well as, until 1678, most of the present Nord-Pas-de-Calais region in northern France....
, passing to Austrian rule under the Treaty of Utrecht
Treaty of Utrecht

The Treaty of Utrecht that established the Peace of Utrecht, rather than a single document, comprises a series of individual peace treaty signed in the Dutch Republic city of Utrecht in March and April 1713....
 in 1713.

When the region was occupied by the French in 1794, Staats-Limburg became part of the département of Meuse-Inférieure
Meuse-Inférieure

Meuse-Inf?rieure is the name of a d?partement in France of the First French Empire in present Belgium, Netherlands and Germany. It is named after the river Meuse River....
. The Austrian duchy of Limburg was disbanded and became part of the département of Ourte.

See also

  • Dukes of Limburg
  • Duchy of Limburg (1839-1866)
    Duchy of Limburg (1839-1866)

    The Duchy of Limburg was created and formed from the eastern part of the Province of Limburg as a result of the Treaty of London in 1839. De jure it was a separate polity in personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands and until 1866 also a part of the German Confederation, while at the same time a province of the Kingdom of the Nether...


External links