Khabarovsk Krai

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Khabarovsk Krai

Khabarovsk Krai (Khabarovsky kray) is a federal subject

Federal subjects of Russia

Russia is a federation which consists of 83 subjects. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation?two delegates each?in the Federation Council of Russia ....
of Russia

Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
(a krai

Krai

Krai or kray is a term used to refer to nine of Russia's federal subjects of Russia. The term is often translated as territory, province, country or region....
), located in the Russian Far East

Russian Far East

Russian Far East is a term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i.e., extreme east parts of Russia, between Siberia and the Pacific Ocean....
. It lies mostly in the basin

Drainage basin

A drainage basin is an extent of land where water from rain or snow melt drains downhill into a body of water, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea or ocean....
of the lower Amur River, but also occupies a vast mountainous area along the coastline of the Sea of Okhotsk

Sea of Okhotsk

The Sea of Okhotsk is a part of the western Pacific Ocean, lying between the Kamchatka Peninsula on the east, the Kuril Islands on the southeast, the island of Hokkaido to the far south, the island of Sakhalin along the west, and a long stretch of eastern Siberian coast along the west and north....
, an arm of the Pacific Ocean. The administrative center of the krai is the city of Khabarovsk

Khabarovsk

Khabarovsk is the administrative center and the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It is located some 30 km from the People's Republic of China border....
. The indigenous people of the area are the Evenks

Evenks

The Evenks or Evenki are a Tungusic people of Northern Asia. In Russia, the Evenks are recognized as one of the Indigenous peoples of the Russian North, with a population of 35,527 ....
, Negidals

Negidals

Negidals are a people in the Khabarovsk Krai in Russia, who live along the Amgun River and Amur River. Their language belongs to the Tungusic languages and is very close to the Evenk language....
, Ulchs

Ulchs

Ulchs are an indigenous people of the Russian Far East. Over 90% of Ulchis live in Ulchsky District of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. According to the Russian Census , there were 2,913 Ulchs living in Russia — down from 3,173 recorded in the Soviet Census , but up from 2,494 recorded in the 1979 Soviet Census , and 2,410 recorded in the 19...
, Nanai

Nanai

The Nanai people are a Tungusic people of the Far East, who have traditionally lived along Heilongjiang , Songhua River and Ussuri rivers on the Middle Amur Basin....
, Oroch

Oroch

Orochs or Orochons are a small people of Russia that speak the Oroch dialect of the Southern group of Tungusic languages. According to the 2002 census, there were 686 Orochs in Russia....
, Udege, and Amur Nivkhs

Nivkhs

The Nivkhs are an indigenous people ethnic group inhabiting the northern half of Sakhalin Island and the region of the Amur River estuary in Russia's Khabarovsk Krai....
.

rding to various Chinese and Korean records, the southern part of Khabarovsk Krai was originally occupied one of the five semi-nomadic Shiwei

Shiwei

Shiwei is one Ethnic groups in Chinese history, who once reside at the eastern part of Mongolia and Manchuria. It maintains close ties with Donghu. The Mongol people are believed to be originated from it....
, the Bo Shiwei tribes and the Black Water Mohe

Heishui Mohe

The Heishui Mohe or Heuksoo Malgal or Black-Water Mohe , were the most feared among the Mohe tribes. They lived in the northernmost part of Manchuria, on the vicinity of the Amur River banks on the actual Khabarovsk Krai and the northern part of Heilongjiang Province....
tribes living respectively on the west and the east of the Bureinsky and the Malyi Khingan ranges.

643, Vassili Poyarkov

Vassili Poyarkov

Vassili Danilovich Poyarkov was the first Russian explorer of the Amur region.The Russian expansion into Siberia began with the conquest of the Khanate of Sibir in 1582....
's boats descended the Amur

Amur

The Amur River or Heilong Jiang is the Earth's ninth longest river, forming the border between the Russian Far East and Northeastern China....
, returning to Yakutsk

Yakutsk

kutsk is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in the Russian Far East, located about 4? below the Arctic Circle. It is the capital of the Sakha Republic , Russia and a major port on the Lena River....
by the Sea of Okhotsk

Sea of Okhotsk

Aldan River

The Aldan River is the second-longest tributary of the Lena River in eastern Siberia. The river is 2,273 km long, of which around 1,600 km is navigable....
, and in 1649–1650 Yerofey Khabarov

Yerofey Khabarov

Yerofey Pavlovich Khabarov or Svyatitsky , was a Russian from Veliky Ustyug region who explored the Lena River and Amur rivers. The city of Khabarovsk, a town, and a railway station, Yerofey Pavlovich, on the Trans-Siberian railroad bear his name....
occupied the banks of the Amur.

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Encyclopedia

Khabarovsk Krai (Khabarovsky kray) is a federal subject

Federal subjects of Russia

Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
(a krai

Krai

Russian Far East

Russian Far East is a term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i.e., extreme east parts of Russia, between Siberia and the Pacific Ocean....
. It lies mostly in the basin

Drainage basin

Sea of Okhotsk

Khabarovsk

Evenks

Negidals

Ulchs

Nanai

The Nanai people are a Tungusic people of the Far East, who have traditionally lived along Heilongjiang , Songhua River and Ussuri rivers on the Middle Amur Basin....
, Oroch

Oroch

Nivkhs

The Nivkhs are an indigenous people ethnic group inhabiting the northern half of Sakhalin Island and the region of the Amur River estuary in Russia's Khabarovsk Krai....
.

History

400s-900

According to various Chinese and Korean records, the southern part of Khabarovsk Krai was originally occupied one of the five semi-nomadic Shiwei

Shiwei

Heishui Mohe

1600s-1850

In 1643, Vassili Poyarkov

Vassili Poyarkov

Amur

The Amur River or Heilong Jiang is the Earth's ninth longest river, forming the border between the Russian Far East and Northeastern China....
, returning to Yakutsk

Yakutsk

Sea of Okhotsk

Aldan River

The Aldan River is the second-longest tributary of the Lena River in eastern Siberia. The river is 2,273 km long, of which around 1,600 km is navigable....
, and in 1649–1650 Yerofey Khabarov

Yerofey Khabarov

Chinese people

The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following:*People who reside in and hold citizenship of the Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China or the Republic of China ....
, however, obliged the Cossacks to quit their forts, and by the Treaty of Nerchinsk

Treaty of Nerchinsk

The Treaty of Nerchinsk was the first treaty between Russia and the Qing Empire. It was signed in Nerchinsk on August 27, 1689 as a result of the Russian-Manchu border conflicts over the region of Priamurye....
(1689) Russia

Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
abandoned her advance into the basin of the river.

Although losing the rights to navigate the Amur River, the Chinese Qing Empire, however, never claimed the lower courses of the river. Nikolay Muravyov

Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky

Nikolay Nikolayevich Muravyov-Amursky was a Russian statesman and diplomat, who played a major role in expansion of the Imperial Russia to the Pacific Ocean....
insisted on conducting an aggressive policy with China by claiming that the lower reaches of the Amur River belong to Russians

Russians

The Russian people are an East Slavs ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries.The English language term Russians is used to refer to the citizens of Russia, regardless of their ethnicity ; in Russian language, the demonym Russian is translated as Rossiyanin ....
.

Later in 1852, a Russian military expedition under Muravyov explored the Amur, and by 1857 a chain of Russian Cossacks and peasants were settled along the whole course of the river. The accomplished fact was recognized by China in 1860 by the Treaty of Aigun

Treaty of Aigun

The Treaty of Aigun was the Russian-China treaty that established much of the modern border between the Russian Far East and northern China . Its provisions were confirmed by the Beijing Treaty of 1860....
, recognized the Amur River as the boundary between Russia and Qing Empire, and granted Russia free access to the Pacific Ocean.

Geography

Khabarovsk Krai shares its borders with Magadan Oblast

Magadan Oblast

Magadan Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia in the Far Eastern Federal District federal districts of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Magadan....
in the north, with the Sakha Republic

Sakha Republic

The Sakha Republic is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . At half the size of the Far Eastern Federal District, it is the list of the largest country subdivisions by area in the world at 3,100,000 km? with a population of less than one million....
and Amur Oblast

Amur Oblast

Amur Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia , situated about 8,000 km east of Moscow on the banks of the Amur River and Zeya Rivers....
in the west, with the Jewish Autonomous Oblast

Jewish Autonomous Oblast

Jewish Autonomous Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia situated in the Far Eastern Federal District federal districts of Russia, bordering Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Oblast of Russia and Heilongjiang province of People's Republic of China....
, People's Republic of China

People's Republic of China

The People's Republic of China , commonly known as China, is the largest country in East Asia and the List of countries by population in the world with over 1.3 billion people, approximately a fifth of the world's population....
, and Primorsky Krai

Primorsky Krai

Primorsky Krai also known as Primorye , is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . Primorsky means "maritime" in Russian, hence the region is sometimes referred to as Maritime Province....
in the south, and is limited by the Sea of Okhotsk

Sea of Okhotsk

The Sea of Okhotsk is a part of the western Pacific Ocean, lying between the Kamchatka Peninsula on the east, the Kuril Islands on the southeast, the island of Hokkaido to the far south, the island of Sakhalin along the west, and a long stretch of eastern Siberian coast along the west and north....
in the east. It is the fourth-largest federal district within the Russian Federation, with a comparative land area slightly larger than that of the U.S. state of Texas

Texas

Texas is a U.S. state located in the South Central United States, nicknamed the Lone Star State. Texas is the second largest U.S. state in both area and population, spanning , and with a growing population of 24.3 million residents....
.

Taiga

Taiga

Taiga is a biome characterized by coniferous forests. Covering most of inland Alaska, Canada, Sweden, Finland, inland Norway and Russia , as well as parts of the extreme northern continental United States , northern Kazakhstan and Japan , the taiga is the world's largest terrestrial biome....
and tundra

Tundra

In physical geography, tundra is an biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. The term tundra comes from Kildin Sami tund?r, which means "uplands, treeless mountain tract." There are two types of tundra: Arctic tundra and alpine tundra....
in the north, swampy forest in the central depression, and deciduous forest in the south are the natural vegetation in the area.

Time zone

Khabarovsk Krai is located in the Vladivostok Time Zone (VLAT/VLAST). UTC

Coordinated Universal Time

Coordinated Universal Time is a time standard based on International Atomic Time with leap seconds added at irregular intervals to compensate for the Earth's slowing rotation....
offset is +1000 (VLAT)/+1100 (VLAST).

Economy

Khabarovsky Krai is the most industrialized territory of the Far East of Russia, producing 30% of the total industrial products in the Far Eastern Economic Region. The machine construction industry consists primarily of a highly developed military-industrial complex comprised of large scale aircraft and ship building enterprises. The Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association

Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association

The Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association , based in Komsomolsk-on-Amur in Russian Far East, is the largest aircraft-manufacturing company in Russia....
is currently one of among Khabarovsk Krai's most successful enterprises, and for years has been the largest taxpayer of the territory. Other major industries include timberworking and fishing

Fishing

Fishing is the activity of catching fish. Fishing techniques include Fish net, Fish trap, Spearfishing, angling and Gathering seafood by hand. The term fishing may be applied to catching other aquatic animals such as different types of shellfish, squid, octopus, turtles, Edible frog and some edible marine invertebrates....
, along with metallurgy

Metallurgy

Metallurgy is a domain of materials science that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic Chemical element, their intermetallics, and their mixtures, which are called alloys....
in the main cities, although the krai's own mineral

Mineral

A mineral is a naturally occurring solid formed through Geology processes that has a characteristic chemical composition, a highly ordered atomic structure, and specific physical properties....
resources are poorly developed. Komsomolsk-on-Amur

Komsomolsk-on-Amur

Komsomolsk-on-Amur is a types of inhabited localities in Russia located in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia on the left bank of Amur River. It is located on the Baikal Amur Mainline railway line, northeast of Khabarovsk....
is the iron and steel center of the Far East; a pipeline

Pipeline transport

Pipeline transport is the transportation of goods through a Pipe . Most commonly, liquid and gases are sent, but pneumatic tubes that transport solid capsules using compressed air have also been used....
from northern Sakhalin

Sakhalin

Sakhalin , also Saghalien, is a large elongated island in the North Pacific, lying between 45?50' and 54?24' N. It is part of Russia and is its largest island, administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast....
supplies the petroleum-refining industry in the city of Khabarovsk

Khabarovsk

Wheat

Wheat , is a worldwide cultivated Poaceae from the Levant region of the Middle East. Globally, after maize, wheat is the second most-produced food among the cereal just above rice....
and soybean

Soybean

The soybean or soya bean is a species of legume native to East Asia. The plant is classed as an oilseed rather than a Pulse . It is an annual plant that has been used in China for 5,000 years as a food and a component of drugs....
s. The capital city, Khabarovsk, is at the junction of the Amur River and the Trans-Siberian railway

Trans-Siberian Railway

The Trans-Siberian Railway or Trans-Siberian Railroad is a network of railways connecting Moscow and European Russia with the Russian Far East provinces, Mongolia, China and the Sea of Japan....
.

Demographics

According to the 2002 census, 89.8% of the population are Russians, 3.4% Ukrainians, 0.77% Nanai

Nanai

The Nanai people are a Tungusic people of the Far East, who have traditionally lived along Heilongjiang , Songhua River and Ussuri rivers on the Middle Amur Basin....
s, 0.76% Tatars

Tatars

Tatars , sometimes spelled Tartars, refers to a Turkic people ethnic group mainly inhabiting Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, Bulgaria, Romania, Lithuania, and Poland....
0.66% Koreans and 0.62% Belarusians

Belarusians

Belarusians or Belorussians are an East Slavs ethnic group who populate the majority of the Belarus and form minorities in neighboring Poland , Russia, Lithuania and Ukraine....
.

In addition to the Nanai, other indigenous groups include the Evenks

Evenks

Evens

The Evens or Eveny are a people in Siberia and the Russian Far East. They live in some of the regions of the Magadan Oblast and Kamchatka Krai and northern parts of Sakha Republic east of the Lena River....
in the northern part of the province, and Ulchs

Ulchs

Nivkhs

The Nivkhs are an indigenous people ethnic group inhabiting the northern half of Sakhalin Island and the region of the Amur River estuary in Russia's Khabarovsk Krai....
(Gilyak), an indigenous fishing people speaking an isolate language, live around the Amur river delta

River delta

A delta is a landform that is created at the mouth of a river where that river flows into an ocean, sea, estuary, lake, reservoir, flat arid area, or another river....
as well. Smaller groups indigenous to the area are Negidals

Negidals

Udege

Udege are a people who live in the Primorsky Krai and Khabarovsk Krai regions in Russia. They live along the tributaries of the Ussuri River, Amur River, Khungari River and Anyuy River Rivers....
(1,657) according to the 2002 census

Births (2008): 17,100 (12.2 per 1000)
Deaths (2008): 19,656 (14.0 per 1000)

Birth rate for 2008 is 5.2% higher than that in 2007 and death rate is 1.4% lower. Birth rate was recorded at 11.6 for 2007 (11.1 for Urban areas and 13.8 for Rural areas). Death rate was 14.2 in 2007 (14.3 for Urban areas and 14.0 for Rural areas). It is expected that Rural locations of Khabarovsk Krai will have a positive natural growth of population in 2008 (First time in 16 years).

Sister districts

Gyeongsangnam-do
Gyeongsangnam-do

Gyeongsangnam-do is a Administrative divisions of South Korea in the southeast of South Korea. The provincial capital is located at Changwon....
, South Korea
South Korea

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea , ), often referred to as Korea and the "names of Korea#Revival of the names", is a Semi-presidential system republic in East Asia, located in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula....
.
Hyogo Prefecture
Hyogo Prefecture

is a Prefectures of Japan of Japan located in the Kinki region on Honshu island. The capital is Kobe.The prefecture's name was previously alternately spelled as Hiogo....
, Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
.

Administrative divisions

External links

[https://oa.doria.fi/dspace/bitstream/10024/829/1/historic.pdf Informations concerning the Shiwei tribes and their relationship with the Khitans]