Amur Oblast

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Amur Oblast

Amur Oblast (Amurskaya oblast) is a federal subject

Federal subjects of Russia

Russia is a federation which consists of 83 subjects. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation?two delegates each?in the Federation Council of Russia ....
of Russia

Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
(an oblast

Oblast

Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic peoples countries and in some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"....
), situated about 8,000 km east of Moscow

Moscow

Moscow is the capital and the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia of the Russian Federation. It is also the largest European cities and metropolitan areas, with the Moscow metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world....
on the banks of the Amur and Zeya River

Zeya River

Zeya River , 1,242 km long, is a southern tributary of the Amur River. It rises in the Tokiysky Stanovik mountain ridge, a part of the Stanovoy Range....
s. It shares its border with the Sakha Republic

Sakha Republic

The Sakha Republic is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . At half the size of the Far Eastern Federal District, it is the list of the largest country subdivisions by area in the world at 3,100,000 km? with a population of less than one million....
in the north, Khabarovsk Krai

Khabarovsk Krai

Khabarovsk Krai is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia , located in the Russian Far East. It lies mostly in the drainage basin of the lower Amur River, but also occupies a vast mountainous area along the coastline of the Sea of Okhotsk, an arm of the Pacific Ocean....
and the Jewish Autonomous Oblast

Jewish Autonomous Oblast

Jewish Autonomous Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia situated in the Far Eastern Federal District federal districts of Russia, bordering Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Oblast of Russia and Heilongjiang province of People's Republic of China....
in the east, People's Republic of China

People's Republic of China

The People's Republic of China , commonly known as China, is the largest country in East Asia and the List of countries by population in the world with over 1.3 billion people, approximately a fifth of the world's population....
in the south, and Chita Oblast

Chita Oblast

Chita Oblast , Chitinskaya oblast) was a federal subjects of Russia of Russia in south-east Siberia, Russia. Its administrative center was the city of Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai....
in the west.

Population: 887,600 (2005 est.); ; .

Amur Krai or Priamurye were unofficial names for the Russian territories by the Amur River used in the late Russian Empire

Russian Empire

File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
that approximately correspond to modern Amur Oblast.

The administrative center of the oblast, Blagoveshchensk

Blagoveshchensk

Blagoveshchensk is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in Russia, the administrative center of Amur Oblast, located 7,985 km east of Moscow....
, is one of the oldest settlements in the Russian Far East

Russian Far East

Russian Far East is a term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i.e., extreme east parts of Russia, between Siberia and the Pacific Ocean....
, founded in 1856.

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Encyclopedia

Amur Oblast (Amurskaya oblast) is a federal subject

Federal subjects of Russia

Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
(an oblast

Oblast

Moscow

Zeya River

Sakha Republic

Khabarovsk Krai

Jewish Autonomous Oblast

People's Republic of China

Chita Oblast

Russian Empire

Blagoveshchensk

Russian Far East

Russian Far East is a term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i.e., extreme east parts of Russia, between Siberia and the Pacific Ocean....
, founded in 1856. It is a traditional center of trade and gold

Gold

Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and atomic number 79. It is a highly sought-after precious metal, having been used as money, as a store of value, in jewelry, in sculpture, and for ornamentation since the beginning of recorded history....
mining. The territory is accessed by two railroads, the Trans-Siberian railway

Trans-Siberian Railway

The Trans-Siberian Railway or Trans-Siberian Railroad is a network of railways connecting Moscow and European Russia with the Russian Far East provinces, Mongolia, China and the Sea of Japan....
and the Baikal-Amur Mainline.

Geography

The Stanovoy Range forms the dividing line between the Sakha Republic and Amur Oblast and spreads across the entire northern border of the territory. Dwarf Siberian pine and alpine tundra

Tundra

In physical geography, tundra is an biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. The term tundra comes from Kildin Sami tund?r, which means "uplands, treeless mountain tract." There are two types of tundra: Arctic tundra and alpine tundra....
grow at higher elevations on these mountains and larch

Larch

Larches are conifers in the genus Larix, in the family Pinaceae. They are native to much of the cooler temperate northern hemisphere, on lowlands in the far north, and high on mountains further south....
forests with small stands of flat-leaved birch

Birch

Birch is the name of any tree of the genus Betula , in the family Betulaceae, closely related to the beech/oak family, Fagaceae....
and pine

Pine

Pines are Pinophyta trees in the genus Pinus, in the family Pinaceae. They make up the monotypic subfamily Pinoideae. There are about 115 species of pine, although different authorities accept between 105 and 125 species....
forests grow alongside the river plains. The Zeya River

Zeya River

Zeya River , 1,242 km long, is a southern tributary of the Amur River. It rises in the Tokiysky Stanovik mountain ridge, a part of the Stanovoy Range....
begins in these mountains in the northeast. The middle reaches of this great river were dammed to create the huge Zeysky Reservoir, which sprawls over 2,500 km² between the Stanovoy Range and a southern parallel range running across the center of the oblast. The low lands between these two mountain ranges make up the Upper Zeysky Plain, which is primarily marshland with larch and pine forests. South of the second ridge is the vast Amur River plain which covers up to 40% of the region.

Along the eastern border of Amur Oblast is another series of mountains separating the Amur from Khabarovsk Krai

Khabarovsk Krai

Fir

Firs are a genus of between 45-55 species of evergreen Pinophyta in the family Pinaceae. All are trees, reaching heights of 10-80 m tall and trunk diameters of 0.5-4 m when mature....
-spruce

Spruce

A spruce is a tree of the genus Picea, a genus of about 35 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the Family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal regions of the earth....
forests form the watershed of the Selemdzha River

Selemdzha River

Selemdzha River is a river in the Amur Oblast in Russia. It is the biggest tributary of the Zeya River. The length of the river is 647 km. The area of its basin 68,600 km?....
, which flows south into the Zeya, continues to the city of Blagoveschchensk, and then into the Amur River. Southeast of the Selemdzha are the Bureya

Bureya River

The Bureya River is a 623km long south-flowing tributary of the Amur River. Its name comes from the Evenk language word birija, meaning river....
and the Arkhara Rivers, which have the richest remaining forests in the oblast with Korean pine

Korean Pine

The tree species Pinus koraiensis is is commonly called Korean Pine. It is native to eastern Asia, Manchuria, far eastern Russia, Korea and central Japan....
, Limmonik, Mongolian oak, and other Manchurian flora. The Zeya, Amur, and Bureya Rivers form a cradle for the highest biodiversity in Amur Oblast—the Zeysko-Burenskaya Plain. Much of this plain has been burned for agriculture, but large patches still remain. Japanese Daurian and Far Eastern western cranes nest here, as well as a host of other rare birds.

Time zone

Amur Oblast is located in the Yakutsk Time Zone (YAKT/YAKST). UTC

Coordinated Universal Time

Coordinated Universal Time is a time standard based on International Atomic Time with leap seconds added at irregular intervals to compensate for the Earth's slowing rotation....
offset is +0900 (YAKT)/+1000 (YAKST).

History

400s-900s

According to the Bei Shi(Dynastic History of Northern Dynasties) and the Sui Shu (Chronicles of the Sui Dynasty), both Chinese records, this area belong originally to the territory one of the five semi-nomad

Nomad

Nomadic people, , also known as nomads, are communities of people who move from one place to another, rather than Settler in one location....
ic Shiwei

Shiwei

Shiwei is one Ethnic groups in Chinese history, who once reside at the eastern part of Mongolia and Manchuria. It maintains close ties with Donghu. The Mongol people are believed to be originated from it....
, the Bo Shiwei tribes. Their settlements were located on the north of the Yilehuli Mountains in the upper reaches of the Nen River

Nen River

File:LocationNen.pngNen River, also Nonni }}; Manchu language: Non ula) is a river in Northeast China. It is 1370 kilometres in length, and is the longest tributary of the Songhua River in Heilongjiang province, and join it near Da'an....
, south of the Stanovoy Range, west of the Bureinsky and the Malyi Khingan ranges and reaching the Okhotsk Sea on the northeast. They brought tributary presents to the Tang

Tang

Tang or TANG may refer to:...
court and disappeared at the dawn of the 10th century with the foundation of the Liao

Liao

Liao can mean:* Liao Dynasty, a former dynasty in northern China founded by the Khitan people* Liaoning Province, Chinese abbreviation* Liao...
empire.

Medieval period

Later, in the 13th century, the middle-Amur

Amur

The Amur River or Heilong Jiang is the Earth's ninth longest river, forming the border between the Russian Far East and Northeastern China....
and the Zeya River

Zeya River

Zeya River , 1,242 km long, is a southern tributary of the Amur River. It rises in the Tokiysky Stanovik mountain ridge, a part of the Stanovoy Range....
basin area became the motherland of the Daur

Daur

This arcticle is about the Daur people and their language. For the Daur region of Pakistan, see Daur region----The Daur people are an ethnic group....
s. Unlike their Jurchens

Jurchens

The Jurchens were a Tungusic peoples who inhabited the region of Manchuria until the 17th century, when they adopted the name Manchu. They established the Jin Dynasty between 1115 and 1122; it lasted until 1234 when the Mongols arrived....
contemporary neighbours, their ancestors closely related to the Khitans and the Mongols

Mongols

The name Mongol specifies one or several ethnic groups, now mainly located in Mongolia, China, and Russia....
.

1600s-1850s

The area was later occupied by Manchu

Manchu

The Manchu people are a Tungusic peoples who originated in Manchuria . During their rise in the seventeenth century, with the help of Ming rebels , they conquered the Ming Dynasty and founded the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China until its abolition in 1911 after the Xinhai Revolution, which established Republic of China in its place....
people before their conquest

Invasion

An invasion is a Offensive consisting of all, or large parts of the armed forces of one geopolitics entity aggressively entering territory controlled by another such entity, generally with the objective of either conquering, liberating or re-establishing control or authority over a territory, altering the established government or gaining c...
of China

China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
, it was returned to the Qing Dynasty

Qing Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty , also known as the Manchu Dynasty, followed the Ming Dynasty in History of China, and was the last ruling Chinese Dynasties of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 ....
in the Treaty of Nerchinsk

Treaty of Nerchinsk

The Treaty of Nerchinsk was the first treaty between Russia and the Qing Empire. It was signed in Nerchinsk on August 27, 1689 as a result of the Russian-Manchu border conflicts over the region of Priamurye....
and annexed by Russia in 1858 by the Treaty of Aigun

Treaty of Aigun

The Treaty of Aigun was the Russian-China treaty that established much of the modern border between the Russian Far East and northern China . Its provisions were confirmed by the Beijing Treaty of 1860....
between Russia and Qing Dynasty.

The oblast received its first influx of Russian settlers in the mid-17th century. They were looking for a more temperate climate as an escape from the north. After the Opium War, when the Chinese Empire was exposed to the outside world, Russian explorers once again moved to the region (mostly Cossacks and peasant farmers). The last influx of people arrived upon the completion of the Trans-Siberian Railroad.

Administrative divisions

Demographics

According to the 2002 Census, ethnic Russians, at 831,004, made up 92% of the population. Other prominent ethnic groups in the region include Ukrainians at 31,475 (3.5%), Belorussians at 7,827 (.8%), and Tatars at 4,889 (.5%). The rest of the residents identified with over 120 different ethnic groups, with each ethnic group making up less than .5% of the population. A small number of respondents (1447 people) chose not to state their ethnicity.

Total population: 902,844

Urban: 594,386 (65.8%)
Rural: 308,458 (34.2%)
Male: 435,483 (48.2%)
Female: 467,361 (51.8)

Females per 1000 males: 1073
Average age: 33.5 years

Urban: 32.9 years
Rural: 34.9 years
Male: 31.3 years
Female: 36.1 years

Number of households: 329,650 (with 876,241 people)

Urban: 220,774 (with 577,222 people)
Rural: 108,876 (with 299,019 people)

Vital Statistics for 2007: Source

Total fertility rates by federal subjects of Russia

TFR by Federal SubjectsThis is a list of values of total fertility rates by federal subjects of Russia of RussiaThe historical variation in TFR in RF is given in the table below....

Births: 10,956
Birth Rate: 12.37 per 1000
Death Rate: 14.17 per 1000
Net Immigration: -3.9 per 1000
NGR: -0.18% per Year
PGR: -0.57% per Year

Vital Statistics for 2008

Births: 11,290 (12.98 per 1000)
Deaths: 13,117 (15.08 per 1000)

Amur is one of the few Federal divisions in Russia, where Natural decline of population worsened in 2008.

Sister province

Chungnam, South Korea
South Korea

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea , ), often referred to as Korea and the "names of Korea#Revival of the names", is a Semi-presidential system republic in East Asia, located in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula....
.