Ketoprofen

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Ketoprofen

Ketoprofen, (RS)2-(3-benzoylphenyl)-propionic acid (chemical formula C₁₆H₁₄O₃) is one of the propionic acid class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic

Analgesic

An analgesic is any member of the diverse group of Medication used to relieve pain . The word analgesic derives from Greek an- and algos ....
and antipyretic

Antipyretic

Antipyretics are drugs that reduce body temperature in situations such as fever. However, they will not affect the normal body temperature if one does not have a fever....
effects. It acts by inhibiting the body's production of prostaglandin

Prostaglandin

A prostaglandin is any member of a group of lipid compounds that are derived enzymatically from fatty acids and have important functions in the animal body....
.

Ketoprofen was available over-the-counter

Over-the-counter drug

Over-the-counter drugs are medications that may be sold to a customer without a medical prescription. The term "over-the-counter" is somewhat counter-intuitive, since these items can often be found on the shelves of stores and bought like any other packaged product in some countries in contrast to prescription drug which are more likely to l...
in the United States in the form of 12.5 mg coated tablets (Orudis KT & Actron), but the product has been discontinued, due to lack of consumer demand.

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Encyclopedia

Ketoprofen, (RS)2-(3-benzoylphenyl)-propionic acid (chemical formula C₁₆H₁₄O₃) is one of the propionic acid class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic

Analgesic

An analgesic is any member of the diverse group of Medication used to relieve pain . The word analgesic derives from Greek an- and algos ....
and antipyretic

Antipyretic

Prostaglandin

Over-the-counter drug

Medical prescription

A prescription is a health-care program implemented by a physician or other medical practitioner in the form of instructions that govern the plan of care for an individual patient....
as 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, and 200 mg capsules.

Ketoprofen is available also as a 2,5% gel

Gel

A gel is a solid, gelatin material that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough. Gels are defined as a substantially dilute crosslinked system, which exhibits no flow when in the steady-state....
for topical

Topical

In medicine, a topical medication is applied to body surface area such as the skin or mucous membranes, for example the vagina, anus, pharynx, eyes and ears....
application.

Brand names in the US

United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
are Orudis and Oruvail. It is available in the UK

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
as Ketoflam and Oruvail, in Finland

Finland

Finland , officially the Republic of Finland , is a Nordic countries situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. It borders Sweden on the west, Russia on the east, and Norway on the north, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland....
as Ketorin, in France

France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
as Bi-Profénid, in Italy

Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
as Fastum Gel, Ketoprofene or Lasonil, in Poland

Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
as Ketonal and Norway

Norway

Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a constitutional monarchy in Northern Europe that occupies the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula....
as Zon or Orudis.

In Lithuania, Ketoprofen is called Ketoprofenum and/or Ketoprofenas. For topical application: the name brands are Fastum with 2.5% (gel) which is over the counter and Ketospray with 10% (liquid spray) which must be prescribed. In Switzerland, and innovative ketoprofen formulation based on Transfersome

Transfersome

Transfersome is a term registered as a trademark by the Germany company IDEA AG, and used by it to refer to its proprietary drug delivery technology....
technology for direct application on the skin above the site to be treated has been approved.

In some countries, the optically pure (S)-enantiomer (dexketoprofen) is available; its trometamol

Tris

Tris is an abbreviation of the organic compound known as trisaminomethane, with the formula 3CNH2. Tris is extensively used in biochemistry and molecular biology....
salt is said to be particularly rapidly reabsorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, having a rapid onset of effects.

Ketoprofen is generally prescribed for arthritis-related inflammatory pains or severe toothaches that result in the inflammation of the gums.

Ketoprofen can also be used for treatment of some pain, especially nerve pain like post-herpetic neuralgia and referred pain for radiculopathy, in the form of a cream, ointment, liquid, spray, or gel which also contains ketamine

Ketamine

Ketamine is a drug used in human and veterinary medicine developed by Parke-Davis in 1962. Its hydrochloride salt is sold as Ketanest, Ketaset, and Ketalar....
and lidocaine

Lidocaine

Lidocaine or lignocaine is a common local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic agent drug. Lidocaine is used topically to relieve itching, burning and pain from skin inflammations, injected as a dental anesthetic, and in minor surgery....
, along with other agents which may be useful such as cyclobenzaprine

Cyclobenzaprine

Cyclobenzaprine is a tricyclic antidepressant compound that is used clinically as a long-acting muscle relaxant and analgesic. It is marketed as Flexeril , and also as Fexmid ....
, amitryptiline, acyclovir, gabapentin

Gabapentin

Gabapentin is a Gamma-aminobutyric_acid analogue. It was originally developed for the treatment of epilepsy, and currently, gabapentin is widely used to relieve pain, especially neuropathic pain....
, orphenadrine

Orphenadrine

Orphenadrine is an anticholinergic drug of the ethanolamine antihistamine class with prominent CNS and peripheral actions used to treat painful muscle spasm and other symptoms and conditions as well as some aspects of Parkinson's Disease....
and other drugs used as NSAIDs or adjuvant, atypical or potentiators for pain treatment. The results, of course, vary in each case, with varying degrees of the attenuation of the burning, tingling, and/or shooting component of the neuralgic pain being quite frequent along with a modest reduction in overall pain level in some cases. In severe cases and those involving multiple conditions in addition to the cause of the neuralgia, there is no substitute for comprehensive palliative therapy including systemic NSAIDs, opioids, muscle relaxants, intermittent corticosteroids and other agents if needed and adjuncts & potentiators to increase the power of the analgesics in addition to the topical preparation and physical and alternative modalities such as physiotherapy, acupuncture, biofeedback & related modalities, nutritional approaches and many others relevant to each case. Even the addition of the opioid tramadol

Tramadol

Tramadol is a CNS depressant and analgesic, used for treating moderate to severe pain. It is a synthetic agent, and it appears to have actions at the Mu Opioid receptor as well as the noradrenaline and serotonin systems....
to topical preparations is not known to be an adequate replacement for systemic opioids in cases where they can be useful and efficacious.

Use in horses and other animals

Ketoprofen (Ketofen) is a common NSAID, antipyretic

Antipyretic

Antipyretics are drugs that reduce body temperature in situations such as fever. However, they will not affect the normal body temperature if one does not have a fever....
, and analgesic

Analgesic

An analgesic is any member of the diverse group of Medication used to relieve pain . The word analgesic derives from Greek an- and algos ....
used in horses and other equines. It is also used as a mild painkiller in smaller animals, generally following surgical procedures. It is most commonly used for muscoskeletal pain, joint problems, and soft tissue injury, as well as laminitis

Laminitis

Laminitis is a disease of the digital laminae of the hoof . It is most well known in horses and cattle....
. It does not treat the underlying problem, nor does it speed the healing process. It is also used to control fevers and prevent endotoxemia. However, they may mask the symptoms of the underlying problem, and therefore make diagnosis more difficult for a veterinarian.

Side effects and precautions

Side effects are relatively uncommon if used as recommended, and less common than 2 other commonly used NSAIDs: flunixin or phenylbutazone

Phenylbutazone

Phenylbutazone, often referred to as bute, is a crystalline Chemical substance having the chemical structure shown at right.* Structural name: 4-butyl-1,2-diphenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione...
. Side effects include gastrointestinal ulcers, drop in red blood cell count (a result of GI bleeding), and rarely kidney damage, protein loss, and bleeding disorders. It should therefore be used with caution in horses with liver or kidney disease, or gastrointestinal problems.

Additionally, it should not be used in horses allergic to aspirin.

Uses with other drugs

Ketoprofen should not be used in with other NSAIDs or corticosteroids, as this increases the risk of GI ulceration. It should also be used with caution with other anticoagulants. It is commonly used with omeprazole

Omeprazole

Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used in the treatment of dyspepsia, peptic ulcer , gastroesophageal reflux disease and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome....
, sucralfate

Sucralfate

Sucralfate is an oral gastrointestinal medication primarily indicated for the treatment of active duodenal. Brand names include Sucramal in Italy; Carafate in U.S.A.; Sucral and Pepsigard in India; Sutra in parts of South-East Asia, Sulcrate in Canada; and Antepsin in Turkey....
, and cimetidine

Cimetidine

Cimetidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in the stomach. It is largely used in the treatment of heartburn and peptic ulcers....
to help protect the GI tract.

Administration

Ketoprofen is labeled to be administered intravenously only, and is recommended for a maximum of five days of use. Its analgesic and antipyretic effects begin to occur 1–2 hours following administration. The most common dosage is 10 mg/lb, once per day, although this dosage may be lowered for ponies, who are most susceptible to NSAID side effects.