Fermentelos
Encyclopedia
Fermentelos is a civil parish in the municipality of Águeda in the district of Aveiro, Portugal
. A minor village within an independent parish, the area was only elevated to the status of vila (town) on 5 May 1928.
From the earliest references, there were horse-mounted huntsmen, who paid the donatários
a fee to hunt on lands designated for hunting, which were known as Foramontanos. During King Afonso II's inquiries in 1220, the local name had evolved to Foramontaelos, whose significance was the base terms fora+monte (likewise montaria, monteiro), which had its meaning in "mounted hunting on horseback". When these lands were small, or if the existence of games was little, the referred to these areas as Foramontanelos. These adjectives evolved into proper nouns, Foramontões e Foramontanelos, and finally appeared in documents, such as the Manuelino foral
.
The King's investigations identified a large quality and quantity of cultivated goods, yet there is no reference to inhabitants, even as adjacent territories were populated. Foramontaelos was a village and all royal"; it was a royal domain that produced wheat, wine, a chickens, eggs, cheese and butter, but little was known if inhabitants only cultivated these lands, or resided within their boundaries.
incorporated Formentelos into the now extinct municipality of Óis da Ribeira on 2 June 1516, when he established its foral
. The area of Formentelos was designated as Mata Real de Perrães, Paradela, e Louredo (King's Land of Perrães, Paradela, e Louredo), and were direct neighbors of lands occupied by the Bishop
of Coimbra
and the Convent of Lourã. By the end of the 15th Century, the King was obliged to entrust in Anrique de Almeida, his sheriff in Aveiro, with the caretaker-ship of the Mata de Perrães, in order to secure his local lands from vagrants who took deer and grazed their pigs on the lands. In 1626, Lourenço de Almeida Alcoforado, son of the niece of Anrique de Almeida, who was inheritor of the Royal privileges, sold these rights to Diogo de Teles Castel-Branco on 17 April 1626, in the presence of the notary Belchior Correia de Vasconcelos.
In 1672 a formal site plan of the Mata Real was undertaken by the King, concluded that the land designated as the King's land had diminished considerably; owing to the necessity to examine these domains by boat, it was determined that a portion had become a apart of the Pateira de Fermentelos.
. Even after the 1822 and 1834 conflicts, she supported absolutist forces and their local interests, and forgot these rebels' rents.
Until 1832, the parish of Fermentelos was governed by noblemen under the auspicious of the Foreign Judge, a ceremonial title-holder that administered various lands owned by the monarch. Ferementelos became an independent parish when on 16 May 1832, the laws were abolished and a system of parishes, municipalities and districts were instituted that eliminated many of the titles and honorifics associated with the ruling-classes, including the Juizes de Fora and local sheriffs.
The village of Fermentelos was granted a parish charter on 5 May 1928.
(to the northwest). Similarly, it is fronted by the parishes of Requeixo (to the northwest), Óis da Ribeira (to the northeast), Espinhel (to the east) and Oiã
(to the south and southeast). Its northern border is naturally divided by the Pateira de Fermentelos, a freshwater lake which it shares with its northern neighbors.
Access to the community is by the E.N.235 (from Aveiro
and Oliveira do Bairro
), and from Águeda center along the E.N.333, with access relative to the southern Aveiro A1 corridor.
, Purple Heron
Kingfisher
, Western Marsh Harrier
, Black Kite
and various types of duck. In addition, local fish, such as Largemouth bass
, Esox
, Carp
, Mullet
, and Perch
, and the commercial popularity of Crayfish
and Rays
, support the freshwater fishing industry of the region.
The area is serviced by municipal water, treatment, electricity and basic sanitation services, and provides visitors with hotel, restaurants, cafes, commerce and three financial service centers.
Educational services include one kindergarten, two primary and one intermediary schools in the public system.
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
. A minor village within an independent parish, the area was only elevated to the status of vila (town) on 5 May 1928.
Legend
A popular legend tells of three brothers, who had become lost in the fog, as they navigated the River Cértima and were guided to the Pateira. Impressed by the beauty of the region, they decided to stay and fished the waters of the river to sell to the neighboring villages. The three brothers (André, Domingos and Tomé) then tried to give the area a name, and began to argue. The youngest proposed Ferment and quickly got into conflict with the other two, leading to a duel. From the Portuguese name for ferment+duel developed the name Fermentelos.Medieval
The first record of Fermentelos (1050) came from inventories by Gonçalo Viegas and his wife Flâmula, that elaborated on the significance of the vila and peoples. By 1077, a similar inventory was carried out, but this time included the possessions of Paio Gonçalves' lands. Around this time a reference to a Faramontanellos situated along the margins River Cértima appeared in document 549 in Diplomata et Charte.From the earliest references, there were horse-mounted huntsmen, who paid the donatários
Donatorio
A Donatário, a Portuguese word roughly meaning 'endowed' sometimes anglicized as Donatary, was a private person who was bestowed by the Crown with a considerable piece of land, called a donátaria, which was handed over at his discretion, exempt from normal colonial administration through some...
a fee to hunt on lands designated for hunting, which were known as Foramontanos. During King Afonso II's inquiries in 1220, the local name had evolved to Foramontaelos, whose significance was the base terms fora+monte (likewise montaria, monteiro), which had its meaning in "mounted hunting on horseback". When these lands were small, or if the existence of games was little, the referred to these areas as Foramontanelos. These adjectives evolved into proper nouns, Foramontões e Foramontanelos, and finally appeared in documents, such as the Manuelino foral
Foral
thumb|left|200px|Foral of Castro Verde - PortugalThe word foral derives from the Portuguese word foro, ultimately from Latin forum, equivalent to Spanish fuero, Galician foro, Catalan furs and Basque foru ....
.
The King's investigations identified a large quality and quantity of cultivated goods, yet there is no reference to inhabitants, even as adjacent territories were populated. Foramontaelos was a village and all royal"; it was a royal domain that produced wheat, wine, a chickens, eggs, cheese and butter, but little was known if inhabitants only cultivated these lands, or resided within their boundaries.
Mata Real
King ManuelManuel I of Portugal
Manuel I , the Fortunate , 14th king of Portugal and the Algarves was the son of Infante Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu, , by his wife, Infanta Beatrice of Portugal...
incorporated Formentelos into the now extinct municipality of Óis da Ribeira on 2 June 1516, when he established its foral
Foral
thumb|left|200px|Foral of Castro Verde - PortugalThe word foral derives from the Portuguese word foro, ultimately from Latin forum, equivalent to Spanish fuero, Galician foro, Catalan furs and Basque foru ....
. The area of Formentelos was designated as Mata Real de Perrães, Paradela, e Louredo (King's Land of Perrães, Paradela, e Louredo), and were direct neighbors of lands occupied by the Bishop
Bishop
A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight. Within the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox Churches, in the Assyrian Church of the East, in the Independent Catholic Churches, and in the...
of Coimbra
Coimbra
Coimbra is a city in the municipality of Coimbra in Portugal. Although it served as the nation's capital during the High Middle Ages, it is better-known for its university, the University of Coimbra, which is one of the oldest in Europe and the oldest academic institution in the...
and the Convent of Lourã. By the end of the 15th Century, the King was obliged to entrust in Anrique de Almeida, his sheriff in Aveiro, with the caretaker-ship of the Mata de Perrães, in order to secure his local lands from vagrants who took deer and grazed their pigs on the lands. In 1626, Lourenço de Almeida Alcoforado, son of the niece of Anrique de Almeida, who was inheritor of the Royal privileges, sold these rights to Diogo de Teles Castel-Branco on 17 April 1626, in the presence of the notary Belchior Correia de Vasconcelos.
In 1672 a formal site plan of the Mata Real was undertaken by the King, concluded that the land designated as the King's land had diminished considerably; owing to the necessity to examine these domains by boat, it was determined that a portion had become a apart of the Pateira de Fermentelos.
Modern
The caretaker-ship of Fermentelos continued to be the responsibility of the family of Diogo de Teles since 1626, until the middle of the 19th Century. Afterward the House of Atalho, which was always responsible for justice, resolving property disputes and collecting rents took over the role of the Crown's Foreign Judge . During the Liberal Wars, it was inherited by a noblewoman, whose husband was a proponent of Miguel of PortugalMiguel of Portugal
Dom Miguel I, sometimes Michael , was the King of Portugal between 1828 and 1834, the seventh child and second son of King John VI and his queen, Charlotte of Spain....
. Even after the 1822 and 1834 conflicts, she supported absolutist forces and their local interests, and forgot these rebels' rents.
Until 1832, the parish of Fermentelos was governed by noblemen under the auspicious of the Foreign Judge, a ceremonial title-holder that administered various lands owned by the monarch. Ferementelos became an independent parish when on 16 May 1832, the laws were abolished and a system of parishes, municipalities and districts were instituted that eliminated many of the titles and honorifics associated with the ruling-classes, including the Juizes de Fora and local sheriffs.
The village of Fermentelos was granted a parish charter on 5 May 1928.
Geography
Fermentalos is located on the far south-western frontier of the municipality of Águeda, on the border with the municipalities of Oliveira do Bairro (to the south) and AveiroAveiro Municipality
Aveiro Municipality is located in Aveiro District, Portugal. The capital of the district and of the municipality is the city of Aveiro.-Demographics:-Parishes:* Aradas* Cacia* Eirol* Eixo* Esgueira* Glória * Nariz...
(to the northwest). Similarly, it is fronted by the parishes of Requeixo (to the northwest), Óis da Ribeira (to the northeast), Espinhel (to the east) and Oiã
Oia
Oia may refer to:*Oia, Spain, a municipality in Galicia, in the province of Pontevedra*Oia, Greece, a small town on the island of Santorini*Orphans International America, a charity that benefits orphans and abandoned children...
(to the south and southeast). Its northern border is naturally divided by the Pateira de Fermentelos, a freshwater lake which it shares with its northern neighbors.
Access to the community is by the E.N.235 (from Aveiro
Aveiro Municipality
Aveiro Municipality is located in Aveiro District, Portugal. The capital of the district and of the municipality is the city of Aveiro.-Demographics:-Parishes:* Aradas* Cacia* Eirol* Eixo* Esgueira* Glória * Nariz...
and Oliveira do Bairro
Oliveira do Bairro
Oliveira do Bairro is a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 87.3 km² and a total population of 22,012 inhabitants, and 16,994 electors . The town itself has a population of 3,077....
), and from Águeda center along the E.N.333, with access relative to the southern Aveiro A1 corridor.
Eco-regions/Protected areas
Pateira de Fermentelos - a natural lake formed from the confluences of the Cértima and Águeda Rivers. It is the largest natural lake in the Iberian peninsula, and a zone rich in flora and fauna, including species of aquatic birds, such as: the Little BitternLittle Bittern
The Little Bittern is a wading bird in the heron family Ardeidae, native to the Old World, breeding in Africa, central and southern Europe, western and southern Asia, and Madagascar. Birds from temperate regions in Europe and western Asia are migratory, wintering in Africa and further south in...
, Purple Heron
Purple Heron
The Purple Heron is a wading bird in the heron family Ardeidae, breeding in Africa, central and southern Europe, and southern and eastern Asia. The European populations are migratory, wintering in tropical Africa; the more northerly Asian populations also migrate further south within Asia...
Kingfisher
Kingfisher
Kingfishers are a group of small to medium sized brightly coloured birds in the order Coraciiformes. They have a cosmopolitan distribution, with most species being found in the Old World and Australia...
, Western Marsh Harrier
Western Marsh Harrier
The Western Marsh-harrier is a mid-sized harrier, a bird of prey from temperate and subtropical western Eurasia and adjacent Africa. It is also known as the Eurasian Marsh-harrier....
, Black Kite
Black Kite
The Black Kite is a medium-sized bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes many other diurnal raptors. Unlike others of the group, they are opportunistic hunters and are more likely to scavenge. They spend a lot of time soaring and gliding in thermals in search of food. Their...
and various types of duck. In addition, local fish, such as Largemouth bass
Largemouth bass
The largemouth bass is a species of black bass in the sunfish family native to North America . It is also known as widemouth bass, bigmouth, black bass, bucketmouth, Potter's fish, Florida bass, Florida largemouth, green bass, green trout, linesides, Oswego bass, southern largemouth...
, Esox
Esox
Esox is a genus of freshwater fish, the only living genus in the family Esocidae — the esocids which were endemic to North America, Europe and Eurasia during the Paleogene through present.The type species is E. lucius, the northern pike...
, Carp
Carp
Carp are various species of oily freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae, a very large group of fish native to Europe and Asia. The cypriniformes are traditionally grouped with the Characiformes, Siluriformes and Gymnotiformes to create the superorder Ostariophysi, since these groups have certain...
, Mullet
Mullet (fish)
The mullets or grey mullets are a family and order of ray-finned fish found worldwide in coastal temperate and tropical waters, and in some species in fresh water. Mullets have served as an important source of food in Mediterranean Europe since Roman times...
, and Perch
Perch
Perch is a common name for fish of the genus Perca, freshwater gamefish belonging to the family Percidae. The perch, of which there are three species in different geographical areas, lend their name to a large order of vertebrates: the Perciformes, from the Greek perke meaning spotted, and the...
, and the commercial popularity of Crayfish
Crayfish
Crayfish, crawfish, or crawdads – members of the superfamilies Astacoidea and Parastacoidea – are freshwater crustaceans resembling small lobsters, to which they are related...
and Rays
Batoidea
Batoidea is a superorder of cartilaginous fish commonly known as rays and skates, containing more than 500 described species in thirteen families...
, support the freshwater fishing industry of the region.
Human geography
The 2001 Census revealed that 3148 inhabitants (consisting of 963 families) reside within the parish, making it the 6th largest parish (by population), as well as the 4th most dense demographically. The 2008 registry of voters included 2550 inhabitants available to vote.The area is serviced by municipal water, treatment, electricity and basic sanitation services, and provides visitors with hotel, restaurants, cafes, commerce and three financial service centers.
Educational services include one kindergarten, two primary and one intermediary schools in the public system.
Religious
- Cruzeiro - located in the small square; a base of four columns, recently remodeled with a new cross applied to the central column;
- Igreja Matriz de Santo André (Matriz Church of Saint Andrew) - reconstructed in 1911;
- Capela de Nossa Senhora da Saúde (Chapel of Our Lady of Health);
- Capela de Santo Inácio (Chapel of Ignatius of Antioch).