Faizullah Khojaev

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Faizullah Khojaev

Faizullah Ubaidullaevich Khojaev (; ; ). b.1896 Bukhara

Bukhara

Bukhara , also spelled as Bukhoro and Bokhara, from the Soghdian ?uxarak , is the Capital of the Bukhara Province of Uzbekistan. The nation's fifth-largest city, it has a population of 237,900 ....
—March 1938, Moscow

Moscow

Moscow is the capital and the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia of the Russian Federation. It is also the largest European cities and metropolitan areas, with the Moscow metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world....
was an Uzbek

Uzbeks

The Uzbeks are a Turkic peoples people of Central Asia. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, and large populations can also be found in Afghanistan, Tajikstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Russia and the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China....
politician.

Khojaev was born in to a family of wealthy traders. He was sent to Moscow by his father in 1907. There he realized the tremendous gap between contemporary European society and technology, and the ancient, tradition-bound ways of his homeland.

He joined the Pan-Turkist

Pan-Turkism

Pan-Turkism is a political movement aiming to unite the various Turkic peoples into a modern political state, a confederation, or an economic union closely resembling that of the European Union....
Jadid
Jadid

The Jadids were Muslim Reformers within the Russian Empire in the late 19th century . They normally referred to themselves by the Turkic terms Taraqqiparvarlar or simply Y?sl?r/Yoshlar ....
movement of like-minded reformers in 1916, and, with his father’s fortune, established the Young Bukharan Party

Yeni Bukharlylar

Yeni Bukharlylar was a jadid secret society founded in Bukhara in 1909.They took their name from the Young Turks, mixing their ideology with a violently revolutionary emphasis....
.

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Faizullah Ubaidullaevich Khojaev (; ; ). b.1896 Bukhara

Bukhara

Moscow

Uzbeks

Pan-Turkism

Yeni Bukharlylar

Yeni Bukharlylar was a jadid secret society founded in Bukhara in 1909.They took their name from the Young Turks, mixing their ideology with a violently revolutionary emphasis....
. Seeing the Russian Revolution as an opportunity, the Young Bukharan Party invited the Bolsheviks of the Tashkent

Tashkent

Tashkent is the Capital of Uzbekistan and also of the Tashkent Province. The officially registered population of the city in 2008 was 2.18 million....
Soviet

Soviet (council)

A soviet originally was a workers' councils in late Imperial Russia. According to the official historiography of the Soviet Union, the first Soviet was organized during the 1905 Russian Revolution in Ivanovo in May 1905....
to seize Bukhara by force in 1917. When this attempted invasion failed, Khojaev was forced to flee to Tashkent

Tashkent

Tashkent is the Capital of Uzbekistan and also of the Tashkent Province. The officially registered population of the city in 2008 was 2.18 million....
, and was only able to return after the Emir

Emir

Emir , is a high Nobility or office, used throughout the Arab World and historically in some Turkic peoples states and Afghanistan. Emirs are usually considered high-ranking sheikhs, but in monarchical states the term is also used for princes, with "Emirate" being analogous to principality in this sense....
of Bukhara fled in September 1920.

Appointed head of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic

Bukharan People's Soviet Republic

The Bukharan People's Soviet Republic was a short-lived Soviet state which governed the former Emirate of Bukhara during the period immediately following the October Revolution from 1920-1925....
, he barely escaped assassination by Basmachi
Basmachi Revolt

The Basmachi Revolt , or Basmachestvo , was a Muslim and largely Turkic peoples uprising against Russian Empire and Russian SFSR rule in Central Asia....
leader Enver Pasha

Ismail Enver

Ismail Enver Beyefendi , known to Europeans during his political and military career as Enver Pasha or Enver Bey, was a Turkey military officer and a leader of the Young Turk revolution....
. With the reorganization of Central Asia

Central Asia

Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east, and from southern Russia in the north to northern India in the south....
and subsequent purge of suspected Uzbek nationalists

Nationalism

Nationalism refers to an ideology, a feeling, a form of culture, or a social movement that focuses on the nation. While there is significant debate over the historical origins of nations, nearly all Expert accept that nationalism, at least as an ideology and social movement, is a Modernity phenomenon originating in Europe....
in 1923-1924, Khojaev rose to become President of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic. However, he opposed Joseph Stalin

Joseph Stalin

Joseph Stalin was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death in 1953....
’s heavy-handed control, particularly in the matter of cotton

Cotton

Cotton is a soft, staple fiber that grows in a form known as a boll around the seeds of the cotton plant a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas, India and Africa....
monoculture

Monoculture

Monoculture is the agricultural practice of producing or growing one single crop over a wide area. The term is also applied in several fields. It is usually developed by extensive growing farmers....
.

Khojaev was arrested

Great Purge

Great Purge was a series of campaigns of political repression and persecution in the Soviet Union orchestrated by Joseph Stalin in 1936-1938. Also described as a "Soviet holocaust" by several authors, it involved the purge of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, repression of kulaks, Red Army leadership, and the persecution of unaffiliat...
on trumped up charges in 1937, tried in Moscow as a "Trotskyite

Trotskyism

Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky. Trotsky considered himself an Orthodox Marxism and Bolshevik-Leninism, arguing for the establishment of a vanguard party....
and a Rightist

Right Opposition

The Right Opposition was the name given to the tendency made up of Nikolai Bukharin, Alexei Rykov and their supporters within the Soviet Union in the late 1920s....
" and executed on March 13 1938. Officially rehabilitated

Rehabilitation (Soviet)

Rehabilitation in the context of the former Soviet Union, and the Post-Soviet states, was the restoration of a person who was criminally prosecuted without due basis, to the state of acquittal or being "not guilty"....
in 1966, he remains a controversial figure in modern Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan , is a Landlocked_country#Doubly_landlocked_country country in Central Asia, formerly part of the Soviet Union....
. On the one hand, he is seen as a traitor who sold his country and people into Soviet servitude. On the other hand, he is seen as an idealist, who sought modernization and independence for Turkestan

Turkestan

Turkestan is a region in Central Asia, which today is largely inhabited by Turkic peoples. It has been referenced in many Turkic and Persian sagas and is an integral part of Turan ....
, but was caught up in forces beyond his control.

There are few monuments to him in modern Uzbekistan, and although his father’s house in Bukhara is preserved as a monument, it is styled as "House of a Wealthy Local Merchant", with very little emphasis on Khojaev himself.