Egnach
Encyclopedia
Egnach is a municipality
of the district of Arbon
in the canton
of Thurgau
in Switzerland
.
and was part of the upper Bailiwick
of Arbon. The Abbey of Saint Gall acquired land in Egnach, which led to competing legal claims between abbot and bishop (which were settled in 854). During the Late Middle Ages
it was a regional administrative center for lands of the Bishops of Constance. After the conquest of Thurgau by the Swiss Confederation
in 1460, the new rulers replaced all the Bishop's representatives. While the low courts
remained in the hands of the bishop until 1798, in 1509 he lost the rights to the high courts to the governor of Thurgau. In 1544 Egnach received a special lower court.
The village was part of parish
of Arbon. In 1515 St James Chapel was built in Erdhausen, and after 1588 Reformed
religious services were held in that chapel. The Gallus Chapel in Steinebrunn remained Catholic. In Neukirch (previously Mosershaus), the majority of the population joined the Reformed church in 1528 and in 1727 a Swiss Reformed
parish church
was built in the village. The Catholic inhabitants belong to the Catholic parish of Steinebrunn since 1872.
Egnach was divided into 13 Rotten, that took over education and many other duties of a community. In 1803, the municipality and Bürgergemeinde
of Egnach was formed, with Neukirch as the center. In 1857 the Rotten of Feilen and Frasnacht separated from Egnach. Then, in 1858, Lengwil and Ballen came from the municipality of Roggwil
over to Egnach. In 1870, the geographic municipality and the political municipality merged to form the combined municipality of Egnach.
Already in the 18th Century the region was home to numerous orchard
s, which caused the area around Egnach to be known as Mostindien or Cider. By 1850, the traditional crops were replaced by cattle and dairy farming. Various branches of textile production flourished in Egnach, in the early 19th Century. The opening of the SBB line Romanshorn
-Rorschach
in 1869 and the Bodensee-Toggenburg-Bahn
line in 1910, both of which passed through Egnach, brought economic growth. In 1900 a cider and fruit export cooperative was founded in the village.
By 2000, agriculture accounts for about one-fifth of the jobs, while manufacturing provides approximately one third of the jobs in Egnach. In spite of some industrial and residential areas, the village retains its rural character.
Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 7.3% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 0.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 0.1%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 3.8%. Out of the forested land, 3.5% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.9% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 52.4% is used for growing crops, while 27.4% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.
The municipality is located in the Arbon district, and is a large and spread-out municipality along Lake Constance
. It consists of the villages of Egnach, Neukirch and Steinebrunn and 61 hamlets
or farm houses.
(93.0%), with Italian
being second most common ( 1.6%) and Albanian
being third ( 1.2%).
, the gender distribution of the population was 50.8% male and 49.2% female. The population was made up of 1,896 Swiss men (44.7% of the population), and 259 (6.1%) non-Swiss men. There were 1,873 Swiss women (44.1%), and 215 (5.1%) non-Swiss women.
In there were 32 live births to Swiss citizens and 6 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 34 deaths of Swiss citizens. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 2 while the foreign population increased by 6. There were 2 Swiss men who emigrated from Switzerland to another country, 1 Swiss woman who emigrated from Switzerland to another country, 14 non-Swiss men who emigrated from Switzerland to another country and 9 non-Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland to another country. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources) was a decrease of 44 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 7 people. This represents a population growth rate of -0.9%.
The age distribution, , in Egnach is; 471 children or 11.0% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 614 teenagers or 14.4% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 521 people or 12.2% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 525 people or 12.3% are between 30 and 39, 755 people or 17.7% are between 40 and 49, and 565 people or 13.2% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 410 people or 9.6% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 252 people or 5.9% are between 70 and 79, there are 134 people or 3.1% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 30 people or 0.7% who are 90 and older.
the average number of residents per living room was 0.55 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.56 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m² (43.1 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 55.8% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage
or a rent-to-own agreement).
, there were 1,469 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.7 persons per household. there were 686 single family homes (or 83.8% of the total) out of a total of 819 inhabited buildings. There were 68 two family buildings (8.3%), 26 three family buildings (3.2%) and 39 multi-family buildings (or 4.8%). There were 880 (or 21.2%) persons who were part of a couple without children, and 2,490 (or 60.0%) who were part of a couple with children. There were 145 (or 3.5%) people who lived in single parent home, while there are 26 persons who were adult children living with one or both parents, 6 persons who lived in a household made up of relatives, 27 who lived in a household made up of unrelated persons, and 221 who are either institutionalized or live in another type of collective housing.
The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 1.98%. , the construction rate of new housing units was 1.9 new units per 1000 residents. there were 1,597 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was the 6 room apartment of which there were 418. There were 29 single room apartments and 418 apartments with six or more rooms.
the average price to rent an average apartment in Egnach was 1075.90 Swiss franc
s (CHF) per month (US$860, £480, €690 approx. exchange rate from 2000). The average rate for a one room apartment was 586.22 CHF (US$470, £260, €380), a two room apartment was about 714.49 CHF (US$570, £320, €460), a three room apartment was about 897.29 CHF (US$720, £400, €570) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 1254.48 CHF (US$1000, £560, €800). The average apartment price in Egnach was 96.4% of the national average of 1116 CHF.
In the 2007 federal election
the most popular party was the SVP
which received 45.75% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP
(13.34%), the SP
(12.25%) and the FDP
(11.09%). In the federal election, a total of 1,492 votes were cast, and the voter turnout
was 50.3%.
The historical population is given in the following table:
. The village of Steinebrunn and the Kulturlandschaft of Balgen are part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites
.
there were 2,856 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 1,211 or about 42.4% of the residents worked outside Egnach while 837 people commuted into the municipality for work. There were a total of 2,482 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality. Of the working population, 9% used public transportation to get to work, and 45.2% used a private car.
. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 Old Catholic who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland
there are 31 individuals (or about 0.75% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 121 individuals (or about 2.91% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Jewish
, and 146 (or about 3.52% of the population) who are Islam
ic. There are 21 individuals (or about 0.51% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 275 (or about 6.62% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic
or atheist
, and 106 individuals (or about 2.55% of the population) did not answer the question.
).
Municipalities of Switzerland
Communes , also known as municipalities, are the smallest government division in Switzerland, numbering 2,596 . While many have a population of a few hundred citizens, the largest cities such as Zürich or Geneva also have the legal status of municipalities...
of the district of Arbon
Arbon (district)
Arbon District is one of the five districts of the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. It has a population of .Its capital is the town of Arbon.The district contains the following municipalities:...
in the canton
Cantons of Switzerland
The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the federal state of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereign state with its own borders, army and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848...
of Thurgau
Thurgau
Thurgau is a northeast canton of Switzerland. The population, , is . In 2007, there were a total of 47,390 who were resident foreigners. The capital is Frauenfeld.-History:...
in Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
.
History
Egnach is first mentioned in 1155 as Egena. By the 9th Century it appears to have belonged to the Bishopric of ConstanceBishopric of Constance
The Bishopric of Constance was a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church and ecclesiastical state of the Holy Roman Empire that existed from about 585 until 1821. Its seat was Konstanz at the western end of Lake Constance in the south-west corner of Germany...
and was part of the upper Bailiwick
Bailiwick
A bailiwick is usually the area of jurisdiction of a bailiff, and may also apply to a territory in which the sheriff's functions were exercised by a privately appointed bailiff under a royal or imperial writ. The word is now more generally used in a metaphorical sense, to indicate a sphere of...
of Arbon. The Abbey of Saint Gall acquired land in Egnach, which led to competing legal claims between abbot and bishop (which were settled in 854). During the Late Middle Ages
Late Middle Ages
The Late Middle Ages was the period of European history generally comprising the 14th to the 16th century . The Late Middle Ages followed the High Middle Ages and preceded the onset of the early modern era ....
it was a regional administrative center for lands of the Bishops of Constance. After the conquest of Thurgau by the Swiss Confederation
Old Swiss Confederacy
The Old Swiss Confederacy was the precursor of modern-day Switzerland....
in 1460, the new rulers replaced all the Bishop's representatives. While the low courts
High, middle and low justice
High, middle and low justices are notions dating from Western feudalism to indicate descending degrees of judiciary power to administer justice by the maximal punishment the holders could inflict upon their subjects and other dependents....
remained in the hands of the bishop until 1798, in 1509 he lost the rights to the high courts to the governor of Thurgau. In 1544 Egnach received a special lower court.
The village was part of parish
Parish
A parish is a territorial unit historically under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of one parish priest, who might be assisted in his pastoral duties by a curate or curates - also priests but not the parish priest - from a more or less central parish church with its associated organization...
of Arbon. In 1515 St James Chapel was built in Erdhausen, and after 1588 Reformed
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century split within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, led...
religious services were held in that chapel. The Gallus Chapel in Steinebrunn remained Catholic. In Neukirch (previously Mosershaus), the majority of the population joined the Reformed church in 1528 and in 1727 a Swiss Reformed
Swiss Reformed Church
The Reformed branch of Protestantism in Switzerland was started in Zürich by Huldrych Zwingli and spread within a few years to Basel , Bern , St...
parish church
Parish church
A parish church , in Christianity, is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish, the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches....
was built in the village. The Catholic inhabitants belong to the Catholic parish of Steinebrunn since 1872.
Egnach was divided into 13 Rotten, that took over education and many other duties of a community. In 1803, the municipality and Bürgergemeinde
Bürgergemeinde
The Bürgergemeinde is a statutory corporation in public law in Switzerland...
of Egnach was formed, with Neukirch as the center. In 1857 the Rotten of Feilen and Frasnacht separated from Egnach. Then, in 1858, Lengwil and Ballen came from the municipality of Roggwil
Roggwil
Roggwil is the name of two municipalities of Switzerland:*Roggwil, Bern*Roggwil, Thurgau...
over to Egnach. In 1870, the geographic municipality and the political municipality merged to form the combined municipality of Egnach.
Already in the 18th Century the region was home to numerous orchard
Orchard
An orchard is an intentional planting of trees or shrubs that is maintained for food production. Orchards comprise fruit or nut-producing trees which are grown for commercial production. Orchards are also sometimes a feature of large gardens, where they serve an aesthetic as well as a productive...
s, which caused the area around Egnach to be known as Mostindien or Cider. By 1850, the traditional crops were replaced by cattle and dairy farming. Various branches of textile production flourished in Egnach, in the early 19th Century. The opening of the SBB line Romanshorn
Romanshorn
Romanshorn is a municipality in the district of Arbon in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.-History:Romanshorn was probably settled in the 7th Century, and is first mentioned in 779 as Rumanishorn in a land grant from Waldrata to the Abbey of St. Gall. During the Late Middle Ages and until...
-Rorschach
Rorschach
Rorschach is a municipality, in the District of Rorschach in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. It is on the south side of Lake Constance .-History:...
in 1869 and the Bodensee-Toggenburg-Bahn
Bodensee-Toggenburg-Bahn
The Bodensee–Toggenburg-Bahn was a small 'private' railway which operated between Romanshorn on the Bodensee via St. Gallen, Herisau, Degersheim, Wattwil, and Ebnat-Kappel to Nesslau-Neu St...
line in 1910, both of which passed through Egnach, brought economic growth. In 1900 a cider and fruit export cooperative was founded in the village.
By 2000, agriculture accounts for about one-fifth of the jobs, while manufacturing provides approximately one third of the jobs in Egnach. In spite of some industrial and residential areas, the village retains its rural character.
Geography
Egnach has an area, , of 18.42 square kilometres (7.1 sq mi). Of this area, 14.71 km² (5.7 sq mi) or 79.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 1.18 km² (0.455600547139191 sq mi) or 6.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 2.32 km² (0.895757007934681 sq mi) or 12.6% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.05 km² (12.4 acre) or 0.3% is either rivers or lakes and 0.2 km² (0.077220431718507 sq mi) or 1.1% is unproductive land.Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 7.3% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 0.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 0.1%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 3.8%. Out of the forested land, 3.5% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.9% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 52.4% is used for growing crops, while 27.4% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.
The municipality is located in the Arbon district, and is a large and spread-out municipality along Lake Constance
Lake Constance
Lake Constance is a lake on the Rhine at the northern foot of the Alps, and consists of three bodies of water: the Obersee , the Untersee , and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Seerhein.The lake is situated in Germany, Switzerland and Austria near the Alps...
. It consists of the villages of Egnach, Neukirch and Steinebrunn and 61 hamlets
Hamlet (place)
A hamlet is usually a rural settlement which is too small to be considered a village, though sometimes the word is used for a different sort of community. Historically, when a hamlet became large enough to justify building a church, it was then classified as a village...
or farm houses.
Demographics
Egnach has a population of , 11.2% of the population are foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 9.3%. Most of the population speaks GermanGerman language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
(93.0%), with Italian
Italian language
Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...
being second most common ( 1.6%) and Albanian
Albanian language
Albanian is an Indo-European language spoken by approximately 7.6 million people, primarily in Albania and Kosovo but also in other areas of the Balkans in which there is an Albanian population, including western Macedonia, southern Montenegro, southern Serbia and northwestern Greece...
being third ( 1.2%).
, the gender distribution of the population was 50.8% male and 49.2% female. The population was made up of 1,896 Swiss men (44.7% of the population), and 259 (6.1%) non-Swiss men. There were 1,873 Swiss women (44.1%), and 215 (5.1%) non-Swiss women.
In there were 32 live births to Swiss citizens and 6 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 34 deaths of Swiss citizens. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 2 while the foreign population increased by 6. There were 2 Swiss men who emigrated from Switzerland to another country, 1 Swiss woman who emigrated from Switzerland to another country, 14 non-Swiss men who emigrated from Switzerland to another country and 9 non-Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland to another country. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources) was a decrease of 44 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 7 people. This represents a population growth rate of -0.9%.
The age distribution, , in Egnach is; 471 children or 11.0% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 614 teenagers or 14.4% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 521 people or 12.2% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 525 people or 12.3% are between 30 and 39, 755 people or 17.7% are between 40 and 49, and 565 people or 13.2% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 410 people or 9.6% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 252 people or 5.9% are between 70 and 79, there are 134 people or 3.1% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 30 people or 0.7% who are 90 and older.
the average number of residents per living room was 0.55 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.56 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m² (43.1 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 55.8% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage
Mortgage loan
A mortgage loan is a loan secured by real property through the use of a mortgage note which evidences the existence of the loan and the encumbrance of that realty through the granting of a mortgage which secures the loan...
or a rent-to-own agreement).
, there were 1,469 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.7 persons per household. there were 686 single family homes (or 83.8% of the total) out of a total of 819 inhabited buildings. There were 68 two family buildings (8.3%), 26 three family buildings (3.2%) and 39 multi-family buildings (or 4.8%). There were 880 (or 21.2%) persons who were part of a couple without children, and 2,490 (or 60.0%) who were part of a couple with children. There were 145 (or 3.5%) people who lived in single parent home, while there are 26 persons who were adult children living with one or both parents, 6 persons who lived in a household made up of relatives, 27 who lived in a household made up of unrelated persons, and 221 who are either institutionalized or live in another type of collective housing.
The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 1.98%. , the construction rate of new housing units was 1.9 new units per 1000 residents. there were 1,597 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was the 6 room apartment of which there were 418. There were 29 single room apartments and 418 apartments with six or more rooms.
the average price to rent an average apartment in Egnach was 1075.90 Swiss franc
Swiss franc
The franc is the currency and legal tender of Switzerland and Liechtenstein; it is also legal tender in the Italian exclave Campione d'Italia. Although not formally legal tender in the German exclave Büsingen , it is in wide daily use there...
s (CHF) per month (US$860, £480, €690 approx. exchange rate from 2000). The average rate for a one room apartment was 586.22 CHF (US$470, £260, €380), a two room apartment was about 714.49 CHF (US$570, £320, €460), a three room apartment was about 897.29 CHF (US$720, £400, €570) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 1254.48 CHF (US$1000, £560, €800). The average apartment price in Egnach was 96.4% of the national average of 1116 CHF.
In the 2007 federal election
Swiss federal election, 2007
Elections to the Swiss Federal Assembly, the federal parliament of Switzerland, were held on Sunday, 21 October 2007. In a few cantons, a second round of the elections to the Council of States was held on 11 November, 18 November, and 25 November 2007...
the most popular party was the SVP
Swiss People's Party
The Swiss People's Party , also known as the Democratic Union of the Centre , is a conservative political party in Switzerland. Chaired by Toni Brunner, but spearheaded by Christoph Blocher, the party is the largest party in the Federal Assembly, with 58 members of the National Council and 6 of...
which received 45.75% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP
Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland
The Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland is a Christian democratic political party in Switzerland. It is the fourth-largest party in the National Council, with 31 seats, and the largest in the Council of States, with 15 seats. It has one seat, that of Doris Leuthard, on the Swiss...
(13.34%), the SP
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland is the largest centre-left political party in Switzerland....
(12.25%) and the FDP
Free Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Free Democratic Party was a classical liberal political party in Switzerland. It was one of the major parties in Switzerland until its merger with the smaller classical liberal Liberal Party, to form FDP.The Liberals on 1 January 2009....
(11.09%). In the federal election, a total of 1,492 votes were cast, and the voter turnout
Voter turnout
Voter turnout is the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election . After increasing for many decades, there has been a trend of decreasing voter turnout in most established democracies since the 1960s...
was 50.3%.
The historical population is given in the following table:
| year | population |
|---|---|
| 1850 | 3,344 |
| 1860 | 2,622 |
| 1900 | 2,755 |
| 1910 | 3,166 |
| 1950 | 3,301 |
| 2000 | 4,153 |
Heritage sites of national significance
The Bohlenständer House, and Farm House Schär with Granary mit Speicher are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significanceSwiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance
The Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance is a register of some 8,300 items of cultural property in Switzerland...
. The village of Steinebrunn and the Kulturlandschaft of Balgen are part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites
Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites
The Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites is part of a 1981 Ordinance of the Swiss Federal Council implementing the Federal Law on the Protection of Nature and Cultural Heritage.-Sites of national importance:-Types:...
.
Economy
, Egnach had an unemployment rate of 1.59%. , there were 450 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 132 businesses involved in this sector. 745 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 76 businesses in this sector. 690 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 115 businesses in this sector.there were 2,856 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 1,211 or about 42.4% of the residents worked outside Egnach while 837 people commuted into the municipality for work. There were a total of 2,482 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality. Of the working population, 9% used public transportation to get to work, and 45.2% used a private car.
Religion
From the , 1,283 or 30.9% were Roman Catholic, while 2,168 or 52.2% belonged to the Swiss Reformed ChurchSwiss Reformed Church
The Reformed branch of Protestantism in Switzerland was started in Zürich by Huldrych Zwingli and spread within a few years to Basel , Bern , St...
. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 Old Catholic who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland
Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland
The Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland is the Swiss member church of the Union of Utrecht, also known as Old Catholic Church, originally founded by the jansenists, with a later influx of discontented Catholics following their disappointment with the First Vatican Council. It has 14,000...
there are 31 individuals (or about 0.75% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 121 individuals (or about 2.91% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Jewish
Judaism
Judaism ) is the "religion, philosophy, and way of life" of the Jewish people...
, and 146 (or about 3.52% of the population) who are Islam
Islam
Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
ic. There are 21 individuals (or about 0.51% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 275 (or about 6.62% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic
Agnosticism
Agnosticism is the view that the truth value of certain claims—especially claims about the existence or non-existence of any deity, but also other religious and metaphysical claims—is unknown or unknowable....
or atheist
Atheism
Atheism is, in a broad sense, the rejection of belief in the existence of deities. In a narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there are no deities...
, and 106 individuals (or about 2.55% of the population) did not answer the question.
Education
The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Egnach about 74.5% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a FachhochschuleFachhochschule
A Fachhochschule or University of Applied Sciences is a German type of tertiary education institution, sometimes specialized in certain topical areas . Fachhochschulen were founded in Germany and later adopted by Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Greece...
).