Deutschhaus Mainz

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Deutschhaus Mainz

The Deutschhaus or Deutschordenskommende (German

German language

German is a West Germanic languages, thus related to and classified alongside English language and Dutch language. It is one of the world's world language and the most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union....
for "Commandry

Commandry (feudalism)

Commandry , or commandery , was the smallest division of the European landed estate or Manorialism under the control of a commendator, or commander, of an order of knights....
of the Teutonic Knights

Teutonic Knights

The Order of the Teutonic Knights of St. Mary's Hospital in Jerusalem , or for short the Teutonic Order was a Germans Roman Catholic religious order....
") is the seat of the Rhineland-Palatinate Landtag

Rhineland-Palatinate Landtag

The Rhineland-Palatinate Landtag is the state diet of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate.Article 79, Section 1 of the Rhineland-Palatinate constitution provides: "The Landtag is the supreme organ of political decision-making, elected by the people....
in Mainz

Mainz

Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
.

baroque

Baroque

In the the arts, the Baroque was a Western cultural Epoch , starting roughly at the beginning of the 17th century in Rome, Italy. It was exemplified by drama and grandeur in Baroque sculpture, Baroque painting, literature, Baroque dance, and Baroque music....
palace

Palace

A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop....
was built from 1729-1740 for Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg

Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg

Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg was bishop and archbishop of several dioceses and Hochmeister of the Teutonic Order.He was born in Neuburg an der Donau as son of Philipp Wilhelm, Elector Palatine and Elisabeth Amalie von Hessen-Darmstadt....
, Prince-elector

Prince-elector

The Prince-Electors of the Holy Roman Empire were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of Imperial election the Holy Roman Emperors....
and Archbishop of Mainz

Archbishopric of Mainz

The Archbishopric of Mainz or Electorate of Mainz was an influential ecclesiastic and secular prince-bishopric in the Holy Roman Empire between 780?82 and 1802....
1729-1732.

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Encyclopedia

The Deutschhaus or Deutschordenskommende (German

German language

Commandry (feudalism)

Teutonic Knights

Rhineland-Palatinate Landtag

Mainz

Germany

History

The baroque

Baroque

Palace

Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg

Prince-elector

Archbishopric of Mainz

The Archbishopric of Mainz or Electorate of Mainz was an influential ecclesiastic and secular prince-bishopric in the Holy Roman Empire between 780?82 and 1802....
1729-1732. Since he was at the same time Hochmeister

Hochmeister

The grand master is the holder of the supreme office of the Teutonic Knights. It is equivalent to the Grand Master of other military orders and the superior general in non-military Roman Catholic religious orders....
of the Teutonic Knights

Teutonic Knights

The Order of the Teutonic Knights of St. Mary's Hospital in Jerusalem , or for short the Teutonic Order was a Germans Roman Catholic religious order....
, he built the Deutschhaus as his second residence for representative purposes in his duties as Hochmeister in the immediate neighborhood of the Electoral Palace, his other residence.

The building was constructed by Anselm Franz Freiherr von Ritter zu Groenesteyn

Anselm Franz von Ritter zu Groenesteyn

Anselm Franz Freiherr von Ritter zu Groenesteyn was a Chamberlain of Kurmainz, privy counsellor, Majordomo , temporarily Vitztum , High Director of Building and exceptionally gifted architect....
in a style influenced by French Baroque architecture. It consists of a main building and two pavilion

Pavilion (structure)

File:Ahmad Shahs Pavilion.jpgIn architecture a pavilion has two main significations....
s around a central court. One of the pavilions contained a chapel

Chapel

A chapel is a building used as a place for fellowship and of worship for Christians. It may be attached to an institution such as a large Church , a college, a hospital, a palace, a prison or a cemetery, or may be an entirely free-standing building, sometimes with its own grounds....
with fresco

Fresco

Fresco is any of several related painting types, done on plaster on walls or ceilings. The word fresco comes from the Italian word affresco which derives from the adjective fresco , which has Latin origins....
es by Christoph Thomas Scheffler

Christoph Thomas Scheffler

Christoph Thomas Schaffler was a Germany painter of the rococo period. He is best known for his frescoes.Scheffler was born in Mainburg and learned the trade of a painter from his father Wolfgang Scheffler....
. Due to the Hochmeister's death in 1732, the building was never used for its intended function as Hochmeister's residence.

In the times of French occupation leading to the establishment of the Republic of Mainz

Republic of Mainz

The Republic of Mainz was the first democracy state on the current Germany territory and was centered in Mainz. A product of the French Revolutionary Wars, it lasted from March to July 1793....
, it became the seat of the Rhenish-German National Convention. This earliest democratically elected parliament in Germany first met on March 17, 1793 in the Deutschhaus. On the next day, the Convention declared Mainz and all of the territory between Landau

Landau

Landau or Landau in der Pfalz is an autonomous city surrounded by the S?dliche Weinstra?e district of southern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany....
and Bingen

Bingen

Bingen may refer to:* Bingen am Rhein, Germany* Bingen, Baden-W?rttemberg, Germany* Bingen, Washington, United States...
to be an independent state based on the principles of liberty and egality, and the Convention's president Andreas Joseph Hofmann

Andreas Joseph Hofmann

Andreas Joseph Hofmann was a Germany philosopher and revolutionary active in the Republic of Mainz. As Chairman of the Rhenish-German National Convention, the earliest parliament in Germany based on the principle of popular sovereignty, he proclaimed the first republican state in Germany, the Rhenish-German Free State, on March 18, 1793....
proclaimed the Rhenish-German Free State (Rheinisch-Deutscher Freistaat) from the balcony of the Deutschhaus. After this period had ended with the French capitulation after the Siege of Mainz

Siege of Mainz

In the Siege of Mainz from 14 April – 23 July 1793, a coalition of Kingdom of Prussia, Habsburg Monarchy, and other Kleinstaaterei besieged and captured Mainz from French First Republic....
on July 23, 1793, the building was used by Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen

Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen

Archduke Charles of Austria, Duke of Teschen was an Austrian field-marshal, the son of emperor Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and his wife Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain....
until the territory was ceded to France again in the Treaty of Campo Formio

Treaty of Campo Formio

The Treaty of Campo Formio or Peace of Campo Formio was signed on October 17, 1797 by Napoleon Bonaparte and Count Ludwig von Cobenzl as representatives of France and Austria....
, and the Deutschhaus became the administrative seat of the French département Mont-Tonnerre

Mont-Tonnerre

Mont-Tonnerre is the name of a d?partement in France of the First French Empire in present Germany. It is named after the highest point in the Rhenish Palatinate, the Donnersbergkreis#Geography....
. It was used as a palace by Napoleon during all of his 9 stays in Mainz, who planned to double the size of the building and use it as an imperial residence, as Mayence was intended to become one of the bonnes villes de l'Empire, the 36 most important cities of France. with the french flag in front of the building 11:30 30 june 1930]] In the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars, the building was used by the Dukes of Hesse-Darmstadt

Grand Duchy of Hesse

The Grand Duchy of Hesse was a former state that existed in modern-day Germany. It was formed in 1806 after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire as a result of the actions of Napoleon, who then elevated the former Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt to the level of grand duchy....
, who obtained the territory of Mainz after the Congress of Vienna

Congress of Vienna

The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by the Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, and held in Vienna from September, 1814 to June, 1815....
. In 1870, the building served as the headquarters of the Prussia

Prussia

Prussia was, most recently, a historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. This state had for centuries substantial influence on Germany and European history....
n army in the early stages of the Franco-Prussian War

Franco-Prussian War

The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War was a conflict between Second French Empire and Kingdom of Prussia, while Prussia was backed by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Grand Duchy of Baden, History of W?rttemberg#The Kingdom...
.

During World War II

World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
, the building was heavily damaged, especially in the air raid of February 27, 1945, which destroyed most of the city. Of the Deutschhaus, only the exterior walls remained.

of Rhineland-Palatinate]] Reconstruction started after the Rhineland-Palatinate Landtag

Rhineland-Palatinate Landtag

Koblenz

Koblenz is a city situated on both banks of the Rhine at its confluence with the Moselle River, where the Deutsches Eck and its monument are situated....
to Mainz

Mainz

Mainz is a city in Germany and the capital of the Germany States of Germany of Rhineland-Palatinate. It was a politically important seat of the Prince-elector of Mainz under the Holy Roman Empire, and previously was a Roman Empire fort city which commanded the west bank of the Rhine River and formed part of the northernmost frontier of th...
on May 28, 1950. It was completed in 1951, and the new building was used for the first time for the constituting session of the newly elected Landtag on May 18, 1951. It has been used as plenary building of the Landtag ever since. As the Deutschhaus has only very limited office space for the members of parliament, a new office building for them was constructed in 1999.

Sources

This article incorporates text translated from the corresponding German Wikipedia article as of July 6, 2006. The following additional sources were used:

at the Rhineland-Palatinate Landtag website
, published by the Rhineland-Palatinate Landtag, includes many pictures of destruction and reconstruction
, in: Blätter zum Land 3/2001, published by the Landeszentrale für politische Bildung Rheinland-Pfalz

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