Churubusco

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Churubusco

Churubusco is a neighbourhood of Mexico City

Mexico City

Mexico City is the capital city of Mexico. It is the most important economic, industrial, and cultural center in the country; the most populous city with over 8,836,045 inhabitants in 2008....
. Under the current territorial division of the Mexican

Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
Federal District, it is a part of the borough (delegación) of Coyoacán

Coyoacán

Coyoac?n is one of the 16 delegaciones into which Mexico's Mexican Federal District is divided. Coyoac?n also is commonly used to refer to the neighborhood at the heart of the borough....
. It is centred around the former Franciscan

Franciscan

The term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic religious orders that follow a body of regulations known as "The rule of St....
monastery

Monastery

Monastery , a term derived from the Greek language word ???ast?????, neut. of ???ast????? - monasterios denotes the building, or complex of buildings, that houses a room reserved for prayer as well as the domestic quarters and workplace of Monk, whether monks or nuns, and whether living in Cenobium or alone ....
(ex convento de Churubusco) at .

The name "Churubusco" is the interpretation the Spanish

Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
conquistador

Conquistador

Conquistador is the name given to the Spaniards soldiers, leaders, List of explorers, and adventurers involved in the conquest of the Americas following the discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus in 1492....
s gave to the original Nahuatl name Huitzilopochco – meaning "place (or temple) of Huitzilopochtli

Huitzilopochtli

In Aztec mythology, Huitzilopochtli, also spelled Uitzilopochtli...
".

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Encyclopedia

Churubusco is a neighbourhood of Mexico City

Mexico City

Mexico

Coyoacán

Franciscan

The term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic religious orders that follow a body of regulations known as "The rule of St....
monastery

Monastery

Spain

Conquistador

Huitzilopochtli

In Aztec mythology, Huitzilopochtli, also spelled Uitzilopochtli...
". Earlier attested forms that the adapted name took include Huycholopuzco, Ocholopusco, Ochoroposco, Uchilubusco, and Chulibusco.

History

11th century

The first settlers are believed to have arrived in the area, possibly fleeing the fall of the Toltec Empire

Toltec

The word Toltec in Mesoamerican studies has been used in different ways by different scholars to refer to actual populations and polity of pre-Columbian central Mexico or to the mythical ancestors mentioned in the mythical/historical narratives of the Aztecs....
.

15th century

Huitzilopochco existed as an independent lordship within Mexico-Tenochtitlan

Tenochtitlan

Tenochtitlan was a Nahua peoples altepetl located on an island in Lake Texcoco, in the Valley of Mexico. Founded in 1325, it became the seat of Aztec Empire in the 15th century, until being Fall of Tenochtitlan....
. Its first ruler was Huitzilatzin

Huitzilatzin

Huitzilatzin or Huitzillatzin was the first tlatoani of the pre-Columbian altepetl of Huitzilopochco in the Valley of Mexico....
, a grandson of Huitzilíhuitl

Huitzilíhuitl

Huitzilihuitl was the second tlatoani of Tenochtitlan, governing from 1396 to 1417.Huitzil?huitl was born in Tenochtitlan, and was the son of Acamapichtli, first tlatoani of the Mexica....
, the second Hueyi Tlatoani (the Aztec "emperor"). Its population numbered some 15,000, dedicated to the cultivation of fruit and flowers and the extraction of salt from the neighbouring Lake Texcoco

Lake Texcoco

Lake Texcoco was a natural lake formation within the Valley of Mexico, a basin with an average elevation of 2,236m above mean sea level located in the southern highlands of Mexico's Mexican altiplano....
.

A temple

Temple

A temple is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities, such as prayer and sacrifice, or analogous rites. A ??templum?? constituted a sacred precinct as defined by a priest, or augur....
(teocalli) dedicated to the worship of Huitzilopochtli

Huitzilopochtli

In Aztec mythology, Huitzilopochtli, also spelled Uitzilopochtli...
stood at a location known as Teopanzolco. Within the Aztec Empire

Aztec

Aztec is a term used to refer to certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl and who achieved political and military dominance over large parts of Mesoamerica in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, a period referred to as the Late post-Classic period in Mesoamerican chronology....
, this teocalli ranked second only to the one at the Templo Mayor in Mexico-Tenochtitlan (some 10 km to the north). Huitzilopochco was famous for the hummingbird

Hummingbird

Hummingbirds are birds in the family Trochilidae, and are endemic to the Americas. They can hover in mid-air by rapidly flapping their wings 15?200 times per second ....
feathers (sacred to Huitzilopochtli) that it sent in tribute to the capital.

16th century

In 1503, Ahuitzotl, the eighth Tlatoani, connected a nearby spring to the Mexico-Tenochtitlan water supply. This is believed to have been the direct cause of the great flood of that year that devastated the city and claimed hundreds of lives – including that of Ahuitzotl.

During Hernán Cortés

Hernán Cortés

Hern?n Cort?s de Monroy y Pizarro, 1st Marqu?s del Valle de Oaxaca was a Spain conquistador who led an expedition that caused the conquest of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the Crown of Castile, in the early 16th century....
's siege of Mexico-Tenochtitlan in 1521, Huitzilopochco was razed to the ground. Some years later, Franciscan

Franciscan

The term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic religious orders that follow a body of regulations known as "The rule of St....
friars founded a small convent in the Teopanzolco district, using stones from the destroyed teocalli of Huitzilopochtli. The convent was dedicated to Mary, Queen of Angels. The Franciscans appear to have abandoned it shortly after; the church was transferred to the care of the regular clergy

Regular clergy

Regular clergy, or just regulars, is applied in the Roman Catholic Church to clerics who follow a "rule" in their life. Strictly, it means those members of religious orders who have made solemn profession....
and, in 1580, responsibility for the convent was handed to a second group of Franciscan friars (discalced dieguinos). They rebuilt the monastery and added a novitiate and a school.

17th century

In the second half of this century, thanks to the generosity of one Diego del Castillo and his wife, the monastery was completely rebuilt and much expanded. Rededicated in 1678, it now consisted of an oratory, dormitories, schoolrooms, a library, a refectory, upper and lower cloisters, a dispensary and an apothecary, and an Andalusia

Andalusia

Andalusia is a country in the Spanish State. It is the most populous and the second largest, in terms of land area, of the seventeen autonomous communities of the Spain....
n-style courtyard built around a well.

18th century

A series of enhancements were made to the monastery and its church, including a churrigueresque

Churrigueresque

Churrigueresque refers to a Spanish Baroque style of elaborate sculptural architectural ornament which emerged as a manner of stucco decoration in Spain in the late 1600s and was used up to about 1750, marked by extreme, expressive and florid decorative detailing, normally found above the entrance on the main facade of a building....
altar dedicated to Our Lady of Guadalupe

Our Lady of Guadalupe

Our Lady of Guadalupe is a celebrated 16th-century icon of the Blessed Virgin Mary, mother of Jesus Christ. The image, also known as the Virgin of Guadalupe represents a famous Marian apparition....
in 1766 and the installation of an organ in 1791. In 1797 an independent chapel, dedicated to Saint Anthony of Padua, was erected.

19th century

Battle of Churubusco

The Battles of Churubusco took place on August 20, 1847, in the immediate aftermath of the Battle of Contreras during the Mexican-American War. The defeat of the Mexican army at Churubusco left the United States Army only 5 miles away from Mexico City....
. On 20 August 1847, during the U.S. invasion of Mexico, a bloody and decisive battle was fought in Churubusco – specifically, in the vicinity of the monastery.

In 1857, President

President of Mexico

The Constitutional Citizen President of the United Mexican States is the head of state of Mexico. Under the 1917 Constitution of Mexico, the president is also the head of government and the Commander-in-chief of the Mexican Military of Mexico....
Ignacio Comonfort

Ignacio Comonfort

Ignacio Comonfort was a Mexico politician and military officer.He was born in 1812 in Puebla de los ?ngeles, in the state of Puebla, to French people parents....
had a monument commemorating the heroic defence of the monastery built in front of its main gates. The remains of Francisco Peñúñuri and Luis Martínez de Castro, two army officers who led their men to perish in a desperate bayonet charge after running out of ammunition during the battle, were interred inside.

In 1869, during the Reform period under President

President of Mexico

Benito Juárez

Benito Pablo Ju?rez Garc?a was a Zapotec people Amerindian who served five terms as president of Mexico: 1858?1861 as interim, 1861?1865, 1865?1867, 1867?1871 and 1871?1872....
, the monastery was taken over by the state. It was converted into a military hospital specialising in contagious diseases.

20th century

In 1917, the National University

National Autonomous University of Mexico

The National Autonomous University of Mexico is a public university based primarily in Mexico City and generally considered to be the largest university in Latin America in terms of student population....
's Inspectorate of Artistic and Historic Monuments managed to convince the authorities that the former monastery would fare better as a museum: as a hospital, it had been more than a little neglected and was in danger of collapse. The museum was opened to the public in 1921.

With the rapid expansion of Mexico City during the mid-20th century, Churubusco ceased to be a separate village and was swallowed up by the urban sprawl of the capital. The motion picture production facility of Estudios Churubusco

Estudios Churubusco

Estudios Churubusco is one of the oldest and largest movie studios in Latin America located in the Churubusco neighborhood of Mexico City.It was inaugurated in 1945 after a 1943 agreement between RKO and Emilio Azc?rraga Vidaurreta ....
– the nerve centre of the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema – opened in the district in 1945.

Present day

The former monastery of Churubusco now houses the state-run "Interventions Museum" (Museo de las Intervenciones), documenting the different assaults on its territorial integrity that Mexico has suffered since declaring its independence

Mexican War of Independence

Mexican War of Independence , was an armed conflict between the people of Mexico and Spanish colonial authorities, which started on 16 September 1810....
in 1810: 1829 (Spain), 1838 (France), 1846 (USA), 1862 (France), and 1916 (USA). It stands in a residential neighbourhood just outside the southernmost loop of the inner ring-road, in the middle of a pleasant, wooded plaza.

Metro General Anaya

Metro General Anaya

Metro General Anaya is a metro station on List of Mexico City metro stations#Line 2: Cuatro Caminos .E2.80.93 Tasque.C3.B1a of the Mexico City Metro system....
(named for Pedro María Anaya) is located in the vicinity. Other nearby street names commemorating the area's history include "Calle Héroes del 47", "Calle 20 de Agosto", and "Calle Mártires Irlandeses".

External links

– National Anthropology and History Institute (INAH); Spanish.
– The News