Borrowdale

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Borrowdale

Borrowdale is a valley in the English Lake District

Lake District

The Lake District, also known as The Lakes or Lakeland, is a rural area in North West England. A popular holiday destination, it is famous for its lakes and its mountains , and its associations with the early 19th century poetry and writings of William Wordsworth and the Lake Poets....
in Cumbria

Cumbria

Cumbria is a non-metropolitan county in the North West England of England. Cumbria came into existence as a county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972....
, England

England

Historic counties of England

The historic counties of England are ancient subdivisions of England established for administration by the Normans and in most cases based on earlier Anglo-Saxons kingdoms and shires....
of Cumberland, and is sometimes referred to as Cumberland Borrowdale in order to distinguish it from another Borrowdale

Borrowdale, Westmorland

Borrowdale is a valley in the English Lake District. It is located in the Historic counties of England of Westmorland, and is sometimes referred to as Westmorland Borrowdale in order to distinguish it from a more famous Borrowdale located in the traditional county of Cumberland....
in the historic county of Westmorland

Westmorland

Westmorland is an area of north-west England and one of the 39 historic counties of England. It formed an administrative county from 1889 to 1974 and now forms part of Cumbria....
. It is also the name of an extensive civil parish

Civil parish

In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, a civil parish is usually the lowest unit of local government, below district and county councils....
in the Allerdale

Allerdale

Allerdale is a Non-metropolitan district with Borough status in England and Wales status, in Cumbria, England. It is Historic Counties of England part of the English county of Cumberland....
district, that includes the valley and some of the fell

Fell

Fell is a word used to refer to mountains, or certain types of mountainous landscape, in Scandinavia, the Manx English, and parts of England....
s surrounding it.

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Encyclopedia

Borrowdale is a valley in the English Lake District

Lake District

Cumbria

Cumbria is a non-metropolitan county in the North West England of England. Cumbria came into existence as a county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972....
, England

England

Historic counties of England

Borrowdale, Westmorland

Westmorland

Civil parish

In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, a civil parish is usually the lowest unit of local government, below district and county councils....
in the Allerdale

Allerdale

Fell

Fell is a word used to refer to mountains, or certain types of mountainous landscape, in Scandinavia, the Manx English, and parts of England....
s surrounding it. According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 438.

Geography

The valley rises in the central Lake District

Lake District

River Derwent, Cumbria

The Derwent is a river in the Lake District of the county of Cumbria in the north of England. The name Derwent is derived from a Celtic word for "oak trees"....
into the lake of Derwent Water

Derwent Water

Derwent Water is one of the principal bodies of water in the Lake District National Park in the north of England.The lake occupies part of Borrowdale and lies immediately south of the town of Keswick, Cumbria....
. The waters of the River have their origins over a wide area of the central massif of the Lake District north of Esk Hause and Stake Pass, including draining the northern end of Scafell including Great End

Great End

|}Great End is the most northerly mountain in the Sca Fell chain, in the England Lake District. From the south it is simply a lump continuing this chain....
, the eastern side of the Dale Head

Dale Head

Dale Head is a fell in the North Western Fells of the Lake District, in northern England. It is 753 metres or 2,470 feet above sea level and stands immediately north of Honister Pass, the road between Borrowdale and Buttermere....
massif, the western part of the Central Fells and all of the Glaramara

Glaramara

|}Glaramara is a fell in the England Lake District in Cumbria. It is a substantial fell that is part of a long ridge that stretches for over six kilometres from Stonethwaite in Borrowdale up to the important mountain pass of Esk Hause....
ridge. Near Rosthwaite the side valley of Langstrath joins the main valley from Seathwaite before the combined waters negotiate the narrow gap known as the Jaws of Borrowdale. Here it is flanked by the rocky crags of Castle Crag

Castle Crag

Castle Crag is a hill in the North Western Fells of the England Lake District. It is the smallest hill included in Alfred Wainwright's influential Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells, the only List of Wainwrights below 1,000 ft....
and Grange Fell

Grange Fell

|}Grange Fell is a small fell in the England Lake District in the county of Cumbria, situated in the Borrowdale valley overlooking the villages of Grange in Borrowdale and Rosthwaite....
. The valley then opens out around Grange before the river empties into Derwent Water

Derwent Water

Catbells

Catbells is a fell in the England Lake District in the county of Cumbria. It has a modest height of 451 m but despite this it is one of the most popular fells in the area....
, Skiddaw

Skiddaw

|}Skiddaw is a mountain in the Lake District National Park in the United Kingdom. With a summit at 931 m above sea level it is the fourth highest mountain in England , and the lowest above 3000 feet....
and Walla Crag

Walla Crag

Walla Crag is a fell in the England Lake District, near Keswick, Cumbria. The fell is a popular short walk from Keswick and gives superb views over Derwentwater....
.

The valley lends its name to the Borrowdale Volcanic Group, a geological

Geology

Geology is the science and study of the solid and liquid matter that constitute the Earth. The field of geology encompasses the study of the composition, structural geology, physical properties, dynamics, and History of the Earth of Earth materials, and the processes by which they are formed, moved, and changed....
development from the Ordovician

Ordovician

The Ordovician is a geologic period, the second of six of the Paleozoic era , and covers the time between 488.3?1.7 to 443.7?1.5 million years ago ....
period. This rock makes up most of the mountains at the head of Borrowdale, including Scafell Pike

Scafell Pike

|}At 978 metres , Scafell Pike is the highest mountain in England. It is located in the Lake District National Park in Cumbria.It is sometimes confused with the neighbouring Sca Fell, to which it is connected by the col of Mickledore....
and Great Gable

Great Gable

Great Gable is a mountain lying at the very heart of the England Lake District, appearing as a pyramid from Wasdale , but as a dome from most other directions....
.

The B5289 road

B5289 road

The B5289 is a road in the Lake District, England. It lies in the county of Cumbria, and is an important traffic artery in the Lake District.The road starts in Keswick, Cumbria before pursuing a winding course up the valley of Borrowdale....
runs down the full length of the valley, and at the southern end crosses the Honister Pass

Honister Pass

The Honister Pass is a mountain pass on the B5289 road, in the Lake District, linking Seatoller, in the valley of Borrowdale, to Gatesgarth at the southern end of Buttermere....
to Buttermere

Buttermere

Buttermere is a lake in the north-west of the Lake District. It is 1? miles long by ? mile wide, and is 75 feet deep. It has an elevation above sea level of 329 feet ....
.

Economy

The valley is a very popular tourist location, with hotel

Hotel

----A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. The provision of basic accommodation, in times past, consisting only of a room with a bed, a cupboard, a small table and a washstand has largely been replaced by rooms with modern facilities, including Bathroom#Types of bathroomss and air conditioning or clima...
s, guesthouses, holiday cottages

Holiday cottage

A Holiday Cottage is a cottage used for accommodation, which has become common in the United Kingdom and Canada. They are typically small homes that vacationers can rent and run as if it were their own home for the duration of their stay....
, bed and breakfast

Bed and breakfast

Bed and Breakfast, also known as B&B, is a term, originating in the United Kingdom, but now also used all over the world, for an establishment that offers accommodation and breakfast, but usually does not offer other meals....
s, and campsites

Camping

Camping is an outdoor recreational activity.The participants, known as campers, get away from urban areas, their home region or civilization and enjoy nature while spending one or more nights, usually at a campsite....
, catering for the lowland visitor as well as the hill-walker

Hillwalking

In United Kingdom, the term hillwalking or fellwalking is normally used to describe the recreational practice of walking in hilly or mountainous terrain, generally with the intention of visiting the summit of hills and mountains....
who can choose from a very wide range of popular mountain

Mountain

A mountain is a landform that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area usually in the form of a peak. A mountain is generally steeper than a hill....
s, including all the above-mentioned fells as well as England

England

Scafell Pike

Graphite

The mineral graphite is one of the allotropes of carbon. It was named by Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1789 from the Greek language ??afe?? : "to draw/write", for its use in pencils, where it is commonly called lead, as distinguished from the actual metallic element lead....
was discovered near the Seathwaite

Seathwaite (Borrowdale)

Seathwaite is a Hamlet in the Borrowdale valley in the Lake District of Cumbria, North West England England. It is located southwest of Keswick, Cumbria at the end of a minor road that heads south from the portion of the B5289 road that runs between Borrowdale parish and Seatoller over the Honister Pass....
hamlet near Borrowdale parish. The locals found that it was very useful for marking sheep. This particular deposit of graphite was extremely pure and solid and it could easily be sawed into sticks, and so the pencil

Pencil

A pencil is a writing or drawing instrument consisting of a thin stick of pigment and clay, usually encased in a thin wood cylinder, though paper and plastic sheaths are also used....
industry was born in nearby Keswick

Keswick, Cumbria

Keswick is a market town within the district of Allerdale, Cumbria, England. With a population of 4,281, according to the 2001 census, it is situated just north of Derwent Water, and a short distance from Bassenthwaite Lake, both in the Lake District National Park....
. This was and remains the only deposit of graphite ever found in this solid form.