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Bo Hai , also known as Bohai Sea or Bohai Gulf, is the innermost gulf
Headlands and bays

Headlands and bays are two related features of the coastal environment....
 of the Yellow Sea
Yellow Sea

The Yellow Sea is the name given to the northern part of the East China Sea, which is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean. It is located between mainland China and the Korean peninsula....
 on the coast of northeastern China
China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
. It is approximately 78,000 km² in area and its proximity to Beijing
Beijing

is a metropolis in northern China and the Capital of the People's Republic of China. It is one of the four municipality of China, which are equivalent to province in China's Political divisions of China....
, the capital of China, makes it one of the busiest seaways in the world.

In recent decades, petroleum
Petroleum

Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid found in rock formations in the Earth consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, plus other organic compounds....
 and natural gas
Natural gas

Natural gas is a gas consisting primarily of methane. It is found associated with fossil fuels, in coal beds, as methane clathrates, and is created by methanogenic organisms in marshes, bogs, and landfills....
 deposits have been discovered in Bo Hai.

gulf is formed by the Liaodong Peninsula
Liaodong Peninsula

The Li?odong Peninsula is a peninsula in the Liaoning province of northeastern China, historically known in the west as southern east-Manchuria....
 to the northeast and the Shandong Peninsula
Shandong Peninsula

The Shandong Peninsula also known as the Jiaodong Peninsula is a peninsula in the Shandong province of northeastern China. It marks the southern limit of the Bohai Sea....
 to the south.






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Bo Hai , also known as Bohai Sea or Bohai Gulf, is the innermost gulf
Headlands and bays

Headlands and bays are two related features of the coastal environment....
 of the Yellow Sea
Yellow Sea

The Yellow Sea is the name given to the northern part of the East China Sea, which is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean. It is located between mainland China and the Korean peninsula....
 on the coast of northeastern China
China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
. It is approximately 78,000 km² in area and its proximity to Beijing
Beijing

is a metropolis in northern China and the Capital of the People's Republic of China. It is one of the four municipality of China, which are equivalent to province in China's Political divisions of China....
, the capital of China, makes it one of the busiest seaways in the world.

In recent decades, petroleum
Petroleum

Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid found in rock formations in the Earth consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, plus other organic compounds....
 and natural gas
Natural gas

Natural gas is a gas consisting primarily of methane. It is found associated with fossil fuels, in coal beds, as methane clathrates, and is created by methanogenic organisms in marshes, bogs, and landfills....
 deposits have been discovered in Bo Hai.

Geography

The gulf is formed by the Liaodong Peninsula
Liaodong Peninsula

The Li?odong Peninsula is a peninsula in the Liaoning province of northeastern China, historically known in the west as southern east-Manchuria....
 to the northeast and the Shandong Peninsula
Shandong Peninsula

The Shandong Peninsula also known as the Jiaodong Peninsula is a peninsula in the Shandong province of northeastern China. It marks the southern limit of the Bohai Sea....
 to the south. Bo Hai consists of three bays: Laizhou Bay
Laizhou Bay

Laizhou Bay is the southern arm of the Bohai Sea , which is a large relatively shallow extension of Korea Bay behind the Liaodong Peninsula to the north, and the Shandong Peninsula to the south....
 to the south, Liaodong Bay
Liaodong Bay

Liaodong Bay is one of the three Headlands and bayss forming the Bohai Gulf, the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea, in northeastern China. It borders Hebei province and Tianjin Municipality....
 to the north, and Bohai Wan
Bohai Bay

Bohai Bay is one of the three Headlands and bayss forming the Bohai Gulf, the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea, in northeastern China. It borders Hebei province and Tianjin Municipality....
 to the west. The rivers Huang He, Liao He, Hai He and Luan River
Luan River

The Luan River is a river in China. It flows northwards from its source in the province of Hebei into the province of Inner Mongolia, and then flows southeast back into Hebei to its mouth on the Bohai Sea....
 empty into Bo Hai.

Bo Hai borders the Chinese provinces of Shandong
Shandong

For the people of Shandong, see Shandong people is a coastal political divisions of China of eastern People's Republic of China. Its abbreviation is 'Lu', after the state of Lu that existed here during the Spring and Autumn Period....
, Liaoning
Liaoning

is a Northeast China political divisions of China of the People's Republic of China. Its one-Chinese character abbreviation is Liao ."Li?o" is an ancient name for this region, which was adopted by the Liao Dynasty which ruled this area between 907 and 1125....
, and Hebei
Hebei

For the people of Hebei, see Hebei people is a North China province of China of the People's Republic of China. Its one-Chinese character abbreviation is "" , named after Ji Province , a Han Dynasty province that included southern Hebei....
, and Tianjin
Tianjin

is the third largest city of the People's Republic of China in terms of urban population. Administratively it is one of the four municipality that have Political divisions of China status, reporting directly to the central government....
 municipality. Port cities on Bo Hai coast include:

  • Hebei
    Hebei

    For the people of Hebei, see Hebei people is a North China province of China of the People's Republic of China. Its one-Chinese character abbreviation is "" , named after Ji Province , a Han Dynasty province that included southern Hebei....
    : Qinhuangdao
    Qinhuangdao

    Qinhuangdao is a city in Hebei province, People's Republic of China. It is about 300 km east of Beijing, on the Bohai Sea, the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea....
  • Liaoning
    Liaoning

    is a Northeast China political divisions of China of the People's Republic of China. Its one-Chinese character abbreviation is Liao ."Li?o" is an ancient name for this region, which was adopted by the Liao Dynasty which ruled this area between 907 and 1125....
    : Dalian
    Dalian

    Dalian is the governing sub-provincial city in the eastern Liaoning Province of Northeast China. Dalian is China's northernmost Warm water port....
    , Huludao
    Huludao

    Huludao is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Liaoning Province, China. It is one of the two municipal cities in the Liaoxi Corridor . Founded as a municipality in 1989 (first called Jinxi,then renamed Huludao in 1994), Huludao has a total area of 10,415 square kilometers, a population of 2.73 million up to 2004....
    , Jinzhou
    Jinzhou

    Jinzhou , is a prefecture-level city of Liaoning province, China. It is a geographically strategic city in the "Liaoxi Corridor" , which connects the land transportation between North China and Northeast China....
    , Yingkou
    Yingkou

    Yingkou is a prefecture-level city of Liaoning province, in northeastern China. It is a port city of the Bohai Sea. The Liao river goes to the sea at Yingkou....
  • Shandong
    Shandong

    For the people of Shandong, see Shandong people is a coastal political divisions of China of eastern People's Republic of China. Its abbreviation is 'Lu', after the state of Lu that existed here during the Spring and Autumn Period....
    : Longkou
    Longkou

    Longkou is a port city in northeastern Shandong, on the eastern coast of the People's Republic of China. Longkou, a county-level city, is administered by the prefecture-level city of Yantai....
    , Weihai
    Weihai

    })|-| Area| 5,436 km?|-| Coastline| 985.9 km|-| Population- Municipality- Urban Area| 2,490,904 606,452 ...
    , Yantai
    Yantai

    })|-| Area| 13,739.9 square kilometre|-| Coastline| 702.5 kilometre|-| Population| 6,468,200 |-| GDP'- Total'- Per Capita...
  • Tianjin
    Tianjin

    is the third largest city of the People's Republic of China in terms of urban population. Administratively it is one of the four municipality that have Political divisions of China status, reporting directly to the central government....
    : Tanggu
    Tanggu

    Tanggu District is a district in the Tianjin municipality on the coast of northeastern China. It is on the Hai River where it enters the Bohai Sea, and is a port for Tianjin, which is about 30 miles upriver....


Islands include:
  • Zhifu Island
    Zhifu Island

    Zhifu Island , or North Island , is an islet with historical significance in Shandong, China. The name of the islet -- Chefoo -- was generalized to mean the entire Yantai region in older western literature....
    , part of Yantai
    Yantai

    })|-| Area| 13,739.9 square kilometre|-| Coastline| 702.5 kilometre|-| Population| 6,468,200 |-| GDP'- Total'- Per Capita...
     City, Shandong Province


History

In literature until the early 20th century, Bo Hai was sometimes called the Gulf of Chihli (?? Zhílì) or the Gulf of Pechihli (??? Beizhílì). Zhili and Beizhili were old names for the contemporary Chinese province of Hebei
Hebei

For the people of Hebei, see Hebei people is a North China province of China of the People's Republic of China. Its one-Chinese character abbreviation is "" , named after Ji Province , a Han Dynasty province that included southern Hebei....
.

Pollution

A Xinhua News Agency
Xinhua News Agency

The Xinhua News Agency is the official press agency of the government of the People's Republic of China and the biggest center for collecting information and press conferences in the PRC....
 report in February, 2007, states: “Effluent has turned the sea a dark red and given it an acrid stench at Guanxi’s Silver Beach, a national tourist attraction. Local staff say it is not the first time this has happened – sometimes it occurs every few days. They blame the run-off from nearby shellfish processing plants.”

Jiaozhou Bay-Laizhou Bay Canal

In April, 2004, an official of the Shandong province raised the possibility of constructing a canal
Canal

Canals are artificial channels for water. There are two types of canals: Aqueduct canals, which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water, and waterways, which are navigable transportation canals used for passage of goods and people, often connected to existing lakes, rivers, or oceans....
 between Jiaozhou Bay
Jiaozhou Bay

The Jiaozhou Bay was a German colonial empire Concession which existed from 1898 to 1914. With an area of 552 km?, it was located in the imperial province of Shandong on the southern coast of the Shandong Peninsula in northern China....
 and Laizhou Bay
Laizhou Bay

Laizhou Bay is the southern arm of the Bohai Sea , which is a large relatively shallow extension of Korea Bay behind the Liaodong Peninsula to the north, and the Shandong Peninsula to the south....
 as a means of easing the pollution problem in the Bo Hai. The proposed canal will also be open to ships traveling between Bo Hai and the Yellow Sea
Yellow Sea

The Yellow Sea is the name given to the northern part of the East China Sea, which is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean. It is located between mainland China and the Korean peninsula....
. A meeting held in Qingdao in October, 2006, was attended by more than a hundred members of academia.

See also

  • Bohai Bay
    Bohai Bay

    Bohai Bay is one of the three Headlands and bayss forming the Bohai Gulf, the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea, in northeastern China. It borders Hebei province and Tianjin Municipality....
  • Balhae
    Balhae

    Balhae was an ancient multiethnic empire established after the fall of Goguryeo. After Goguryeo's capital and southern territories fell to Unified Silla, Dae Jo-young, a former Goguryeo general, whose father was Dae Jung-sang, established Jin , later called Balhae....
  • Bijia mountain
    Bijia mountain

    Bijia Mountain is an island located in the Bohai Sea south of the Jinzhou region of China. During most times of the day, Bijiashan can only be accessed by boat....


External links

  • ?????,??????? - China's water resources - environmental security needed
  • ?????? ???????? Retrieved November 23, 2007.