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| Classical MongolianThe Mongolian language is the official language of Mongolia and the best-known member of the Mongolic language family. The number of speakers across all its dialects may be 5.2 million, including the vast majority of the residents of Mongolia and many of the Mongolian residents of the Inner...
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|| (romanizedIn linguistics, romanization or latinization is the representation of a written word or spoken speech with the Roman script, or a system for doing so, where the original word or language uses a different writing system . Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written...
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| ChineseThe Chinese language is a language or language family consisting of varieties which are mutually intelligible to varying degrees. Originally the indigenous languages spoken by the Han Chinese in China, it forms one of the branches of Sino-Tibetan family of languages...
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|| 旗 (characterChinese characters are logograms used in the writing of Chinese and Japanese , less frequently Korean , formerly Vietnamese , or other languages...
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qí (Pinyin romanizationPinyin is the official system to transcribe Chinese characters into the Roman alphabet in China, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan. It is also often used to teach Mandarin Chinese and spell Chinese names in foreign publications and used as an input method to enter Chinese characters into...
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| Cyrillic Mongolian:
|| Хошуу (cyrillizedA Cyrillization is a system for rendering words of a language that normally uses a writing system other than the Cyrillic alphabet into a Cyrillic alphabet. A Cyrillization scheme needs to be applied, for example, to transcribe names of German, Chinese, or American people and places for use in...
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khoshuu (romanizedIn linguistics, romanization or latinization is the representation of a written word or spoken speech with the Roman script, or a system for doing so, where the original word or language uses a different writing system . Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written...
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| Mongolian scriptThe classical Mongolian script , also known as Uyghurjin, was the first writing system created specifically for the Mongolian language, and was the most successful until the introduction of Cyrillic in 1946...
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banner is an administrative division of the
Inner MongoliaInner Mongolia is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located in the northern region of the country. Inner Mongolia shares an international border with the countries of Mongolia and the Russian Federation...
Autonomous Region in the
People's Republic of ChinaChina , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
.
Banners were first used during the
Qing DynastyThe Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
, which organized the Mongols into banners except those who belonged to the Manchu
Eight BannersThe Eight Banners were administrative divisions into which all Manchu families were placed. They provided the basic framework for the Manchu military organization...
. Each banner had sumu as nominal subdivisions. In Inner Mongolia, several banners made up a league. In the rest, including
Outer MongoliaOuter Mongolia was a territory of the Qing Dynasty = the Manchu Empire. Its area was roughly equivalent to that of the modern state of Mongolia, which is sometimes informally called "Outer Mongolia" today...
, northern
XinjiangXinjiang is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and spans over 1.6 million km2...
and
QinghaiQinghai ; Oirat Mongolian: ; ; Salar:) is a province of the People's Republic of China, named after Qinghai Lake...
,
AimagAimag is a Mongolian and Turkic word for a tribe.It is also used as a term for country subdivisions in Mongolia and China, see aimag .The name of the Aimak people in central Afghanistan derives from the same root....
(Аймаг) was the largest administrative division. While it restricted the Mongols from crossing banner borders, the dynasty protected Mongolia from population pressure from
China properChina proper or Eighteen Provinces was a term used by Western writers on the Qing Dynasty to express a distinction between the core and frontier regions of China. There is no fixed extent for China proper, as many administrative, cultural, and linguistic shifts have occurred in Chinese history...
.
Today, banners are a county level division in the Chinese administrative hierarchy. There are 49 banners in total.
Banner (49)
The following is a list of articles concerning individual Banners. The list is sorted alphabetically according to the banner's specific title (i.e. ignoring adjectives such as New, Old, Left, Right, and so on).
- Abag Banner
Abag Banner is a county of Inner Mongolia, China. It is under the administration of Xilin Gol League. The local dialect has variously been classified as Chakhar or Khalkha.-Bibliography:...
; League: Xilin Gol
- Alxa Right Banner
Alxa Right Banner is a banner of Inner Mongolia, China. It is under the administration of Alxa League.-References:*...
; League: Alxa
- Alxa Left Banner
Alxa Left Banner is a banner of Inner Mongolia, China. It is under the administration of Alxa League.-References:*...
; League: Alxa
- Aohan Banner
Aohan Banner is a banner of southeastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, bordering Liaoning province to the south. It is under the administration of Chifeng City, to the west.-References:*...
- Ar Horqin Banner
Ar Horqin Banner is a banner of eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Chifeng City, about to the south-southwest. The banner lies on China National Highway 303, running from Ji'an, Jilin to Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia. The Mongolian dialect spoken in...
- Arun Banner
Arun Banner is a banner of northeastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, bordering Heilongjiang province to the south and east. It is under the administration of Hulunbuir City, and is north-northwest of the city of Qiqihar in Heilongjiang province.-References:*...
- Bairin Left Banner
Baarin Left Banner , or Bairin, is a banner of eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Chifeng City, to the south-southwest. The distinct Mongolian dialect of this region is called Baarin. It is located at the intersection of two national highways:...
- Bairin Right Banner
Bairin Right Banner is a banner of eastern Inner Mongolia, China. It is under the administration of Chifeng City, to the south-southeast. The distinct Mongolian dialect of this region is called Baarin.-References:*...
- Old Barag Banner
Old Barag Banner is a banner of northeastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is located from Hailar District, the administrative centre of Hulunbuir City, which administers this banner.-References:*...
- New Barag Left Banner
New Barag Left Banner is a banner of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, bordering Mongolia to the south. It is under the administration of Hulunbuir City.-References:*...
- New Barag Right Banner
New Barag Right Banner is a banner of northern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, bordering Mongolia in all directions but the east. It is also located not too far from the shores of Hulun Lake, and is under the administration of Hulunbuir City....
- Chahar Right Middle Banner
Chahar Right Middle Banner is a county of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, bordered by Chahar Right Back Banner to the east, Zhuozi County to the south, and Siziwang Banner to the northwest. It is under the administration of Ulaan Chab City....
- Chahar Right Front Banner
Chahar Right Front Banner is a Banner of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, surrounding Jining District and bordering Xinghe County to the east, Fengzhen City to the south, Zhuozi County to the west, and Chahar Right Back Banner to the north. It is under the administration of Ulaan Chab...
- Chahar Right Back Banner
Chahar Right Back Banner is a banner of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, bordering Shangdu County to the northeast, Xinghe County to the southeast, Chahar Right Front Banner to the south, Zhuozi County to the southwest, Chahar Right Back Banner to the west, Siziwang Banner to the...
- Dalat Banner
- Darhan Muminggan United Banner
Darhan Muminggan United Banner is a banner of west-central Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Baotou City, to the south-southwest.-References:*...
- Ejin Banner
Ejin Banner is a banner of Inner Mongolia, China. It is under the administration of Alxa League.-Transportation:Eljin Banner is served by the Jiayuguan-Ceke and the Linhe-Ceke Railways.-References:*...
; League: Alxa
- Ejin Horo Banner
Ejin Horo Banner, also written as Ejin Horo Qi , is a banner under the administration of Ordos City, in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China...
- Hanggin Banner
Hanggin Banner is a banner in the southwest of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, bordering Dalad Banner to the east, Otog Banner to the southwest, and Bayan Nur to the north. It is under the administration of Ordos City.-References:*...
- Hanggin Rear Banner
Hanggin Rear Banner , 1,767 km², 300,000 inhabitants , administrative center: Shanba .-Transportation:Hanggin Rear Banner is served by the Linhe-Ceke Railway....
- Harqin Banner
Harqin Banner is a banner of southeastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Chifeng City, to the north-northeast.-References:*...
- Hexigten Banner
- Horqin Left Back Banner
Horqin Left Back Banner is a banner of southeastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, bordering Liaoning province to the south. It is under the administration of Tongliao City, to the north...
- Horqin Left Middle Banner
Horqin Left Middle Banner , formerly known as Darhan hoshuu, is a banner of eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, bordering Jilin province to the east. It is under the administration of Tongliao City, to the southwest. The local Mongolian dialect is Khorchin.-References:*...
- Horqin Right Front Banner
Horqin Right Front Banner is a county of Inner Mongolia, China. It is under the administration of Hinggan League. The local Mongolian dialect is Khorchin.-References:*...
; League: Hinggan
- Horqin Right Middle Banner
Horqin Right Middle Banner Horqin Right Middle Banner Horqin Right Middle Banner ( is a county of Inner Mongolia, China. It is under the administration of Hinggan League. The local Mongolian dialect is Khorchin.-References:*...
; League: Hinggan
- Hure Banner
Hure Banner is a banner of southeastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, bordering Liaoning province to the south. It is under the administration of Tongliao City, to the north-northeast.-References:*...
- Jalaid Banner
Jalaid Banner, or Zalaite or Zhalaite, officially Jalaid Qi Zhalaite Banner, Hinggan League is a banner under the jurisdiction of Hinggan League in the northeast of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China....
; League: Hinggan
- Jarud Banner
Jarud Banner is a banner of eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Tongliao City, , and the China National Highway 304 passes through the area.-Climate:-References:*...
- Jung Gar Banner
Xuejiawan is a town and the Banner seat of Jungar Banner, Ordos City, in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. It has an area of 1345.097 square kilometers and a population of 165,000....
- Muminggan Banner -> Darhan Muminggan United Banner
Darhan Muminggan United Banner is a banner of west-central Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Baotou City, to the south-southwest.-References:*...
- Naiman Banner
Naiman Banner is a banner of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Tongliao City, to the northeast, and lies on the China National Highway 111.-References:*...
- Ongniud Banner
Ongniud Banner is a banner of eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Chifeng City, to the south-southwest.-References:*...
- Otog Banner
Otog Banner is a county of southwestern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Ordos City, and borders Otog Front Banner to the southwest and Uxin Banner to the southeast.-References:*...
- Otog Front Banner
Otog Front Banner is a banner of southwestern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, bordering Ningxia to the southwest and Shaanxi province to the southeast. It is under the administration of Ordos City.-References:...
- Siziwang Banner
Siziwang Banner is a banner in Inner Mongolia, China, which is located about north of Hohhot, the capital of Inner Mongolia.-Administration:...
- Sonid Left Banner
-References:*...
; League: Xilin Gol
- Sonid Right Banner
Sonid Right Banner is a banner of Inner Mongolia, China. It is under the administration of Xilin Gol League.-References:*...
; League: Xilin Gol
- Taibus Banner
Taibus Banner is a banner of Inner Mongolia, China. It is under the administration of Xilin Gol League.-References:*...
; League: Xilin Gol
- Tumed Left Banner
Tumed Left Banner is a banner of west-central Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration the regional capital of Hohhot, which is some distance to the east-northeast.-References:*...
- Tumed Right Banner
Tumed Right Banner is a banner of western Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Baotou City, to the west, and is located along on the Jingzang Expressway, running from Beijing to Tibet.-References:*...
- East Ujimqin Banner
-References:*...
; League: Xilin Gol
- West Ujimqin Banner
West Ujimqin Banner ) is a banner of Inner Mongolia, China. It is under the administration of Xilin Gol League.-References:*...
; League: Xilin Gol
- Urat Rear Banner
Urat Rear Banner is a banner of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. It is located in the west of the region, northwest of the city of Bayan Nur, which administers this banner. The banner has a total area of and in 2004 had a population of 60,000. Its seat is located...
- Urat Middle Banner
Urat Middle Banner is a banner of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. It is located in the west of the region, and administratively is part of Bayan Nur City. It has a total area of and in 2004 had a population of 140,000. Its seat is located in the town of Haliut ....
- Urat Front Banner
Urat Front Banner is a banner of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. It is located in the west of the region, situated on the northern bank of the Yellow River, on the Ordos Loop, and in between the cities of Bayan Nur and Baotou. Administratively, it is part of...
- Uxin Banner
Uxin Banner is a banner in the southwest of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, bounded to the south by Shaanxi province. It borders the banners of Ejin Horo to the northeast, Hanggin to the north, Otog to the northwest, and Otog Front to the southwest. It is under the administration of...
- Xianghuang Banner
Bordered Yellow Banner, Inner Mongolia is a banner of Inner Mongolia, China. It is under the administration of Xilin Gol League.-References:*...
; League: Xilin Gol
- Zhenglan Banner; League: Xilin Gol
- Zhengxiangbai Banner
Plain and Bordered White Banner is a banner of Inner Mongolia, China. It is under the administration of Xilin Gol League.-References:*...
; League: Xilin Gol
Autonomous banner
An autonomous banner is a special type of banner set up by the People's Republic of China. There are 3 autonomous banners, all of which are found in northeastern Inner Mongolia, each with a designated ethnic majority other than
HanHan Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and are the largest single ethnic group in the world.Han Chinese constitute about 92% of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98% of the population of the Republic of China , 78% of the population of Singapore, and about 20% of the...
or Mongol and which is a national ethnic minority:
- Oroqin Autonomous Banner
Oroqin Autonomous Banner is an autonomous banner that lies directly south of the urban district of Hailar in the prefecture-level city of Hulunbuir. It has an area of 60,378 km ². According to the 2000 census, there are 292,097 inhabitants with a population density of 4.84 inhabitants per km²...
(鄂伦春自治旗) for the Oroqin
- Evenki Autonomous Banner (鄂温克族自治旗) for the Evenks
The Evenks are a Tungusic people of Northern Asia. In Russia, the Evenks are recognized as one of the Indigenous peoples of the Russian North, with a population of 35,527...
- Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner
Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner is one of three autonomous banners in Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, created for the Daur people. It lies on the Nen River, borders Heilongjiang province to the east, south, and southwest, and is under the administration of Hulunbuir City.-References:*...
(莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗) for the Daur