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Outer Mongolia (Manchu
Manchu language

Manchu is a Tungusic languages language spoken in Northeast China; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Chinese and there are fewer than 70 native speakers of Manchu out of a total of nearly 10 million ethnic Manchus....
: Tülergi Monggo, ) was the main part of the Bogdo Khanate of Mongolia, which proclaimed its independence on 29 December 1911. It consisted of the following four (aimags), ordering from east to west:

Today the name is sometimes still informally used to refer to Mongolia
Mongolia

Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia and Central Asia. It borders Russia to the north and People's Republic of China to the south, east and west....
 (a sovereign state), which controls roughly the same territory. The historical definition also included Tannu Uriankhai
Tannu Uriankhai

Tannu Uriankhai is a historical region largely identical with today's Tuva. It was originally a part of Outer Mongolia.After Outer Mongolia became independent from the Qing dynasty and China, the region of Tannu Uriankhai increasingly came under Russian influence and finally became an independent communist state, the Tuvinian People's R...
, the majority of which is the modern-day Tuva
Tuva

Tyva Republic , or Tuva , is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia ....
 Republic, part of the Russian Federation
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
, but not the area of the Mongolian Khovd and Bayan-Ölgii provinces.

The name "Outer Mongolia" is opposed to Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia

Inner Mongolia is the Mongols autonomous region of China of the People's Republic of China, located in the country's north.Inner Mongolia borders, from east to west, the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, and Gansu, while to the north it borders Mongolia and Russia....
 (???; Nèi Menggu), today an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

The People's Republic of China , commonly known as China, is the largest country in East Asia and the List of countries by population in the world with over 1.3 billion people, approximately a fifth of the world's population....
.






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Outer Mongolia (Manchu
Manchu language

Manchu is a Tungusic languages language spoken in Northeast China; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Chinese and there are fewer than 70 native speakers of Manchu out of a total of nearly 10 million ethnic Manchus....
: Tülergi Monggo, ) was the main part of the Bogdo Khanate of Mongolia, which proclaimed its independence on 29 December 1911. It consisted of the following four (aimags), ordering from east to west:
  • Chechen Khan Province (Chechen Khan Ayimagh, Setsen Khan Aimag)
  • Töshiyetü Khan Province (Töshiyetü Khan Ayimagh, Tüsheet Khan Aimag)
  • Sayin Noyan Khan Province (Sayin Noyan Khan Ayimagh, Sain Noyon Khan Aimag)
  • Jasaghtu Khan Province (Jasaghtu Khan Ayimagh, Zasagt Khan Aimag)


Today the name is sometimes still informally used to refer to Mongolia
Mongolia

Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia and Central Asia. It borders Russia to the north and People's Republic of China to the south, east and west....
 (a sovereign state), which controls roughly the same territory. The historical definition also included Tannu Uriankhai
Tannu Uriankhai

Tannu Uriankhai is a historical region largely identical with today's Tuva. It was originally a part of Outer Mongolia.After Outer Mongolia became independent from the Qing dynasty and China, the region of Tannu Uriankhai increasingly came under Russian influence and finally became an independent communist state, the Tuvinian People's R...
, the majority of which is the modern-day Tuva
Tuva

Tyva Republic , or Tuva , is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia ....
 Republic, part of the Russian Federation
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
, but not the area of the Mongolian Khovd and Bayan-Ölgii provinces.

The name "Outer Mongolia" is opposed to Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia

Inner Mongolia is the Mongols autonomous region of China of the People's Republic of China, located in the country's north.Inner Mongolia borders, from east to west, the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, and Gansu, while to the north it borders Mongolia and Russia....
 (???; Nèi Menggu), today an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

The People's Republic of China , commonly known as China, is the largest country in East Asia and the List of countries by population in the world with over 1.3 billion people, approximately a fifth of the world's population....
. The term comes from the Manchu name for the region "Tülergi Monggo", meaning "Outer Mongolia" or "External Mongolia". In modern Mongolian usage, the term "?? ??????" (Ar Mongol) signifying "Northern Mongolia" or "Rear Mongolia" is used. The continued use of the term in the Chinese language is sometimes alleged to reflect a Sinocentric
Sinocentrism

Sinocentrism is any ethnocentric perspective that regards China to be central or unique relative to other countries. In pre-modern times, this took the form of viewing China as the only civilization in the world, and foreign nations or ethnic groups as "barbarians"....
 perspective that takes the northern part of Mongolia as "outer," while the southern portion, closer to the Chinese capital (Beijing
Beijing

is a metropolis in northern China and the Capital of the People's Republic of China. It is one of the four municipality of China, which are equivalent to province in China's Political divisions of China....
), is regarded as "inner."

See also

  • Timeline of Mongolian history
    Timeline of Mongolian history

    Manchu Era*1620s and -30s: Ligden Khan, the last Mongol Great Khan, aims to create a new empire by centralizing control over the various Mongol tribes, but alienates a number of Eastern Mongol tribes who go over to the Manchu....