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14th century

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	Topics 14th century Topic Home As a means of recording the passage of timeTime Two distinct views exist on the meaning of time.... , the 14th century was that centuryCentury A century is one hundred consecutive years.... which lasted from 1301 to 1400. Events The transition from the Medieval Warm PeriodMedieval Warm Period The Medieval Warm Period or Medieval Climate Optimum was a time of unusually warm climate in Europe, lasting from abo... to the Little Ice AgeLittle Ice Age The Little Ice Age was a period of cooling occuring after a warmer era known as the Medieval climate optimum.... Beginning of the Ottoman EmpireFacts About Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire , is also sometimes known in the West as the Turkish Empire.... , early expansion into the early BalkansBalkans The Balkans is the historic and geographic name used to describe a region of southeastern Europe.... The Avignon papacyAvignon Papacy In the history of the Roman Catholic Church, the Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1377 during which seven popes, a... transfers the seat of the Popes from ItalyItaly Italy, officially the Italian Republic , is a Southern European country.... to FranceFrance France, officially the French Republic, is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in Western Europe and whi... The Great Famine of 1315-1317 kills millions of people in EuropeEurope Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth.... Being forced out of previous locations, the MexicaAztec The Aztecs were a Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican people of central Mexico in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries.... found the city of TenochtitlanTenochtitlan Tenochtitlan or, alternatively, Mexico-Tenochtitlan, was the capital of the Aztec empire, built on an island in Lake... in 1325 Battle of KosovoBattle of Kosovo The Battle of Kosovo Polje was fought on St Vitus' Day 1389 between Serbia and the Ottoman Empire.... in 1389 between Serbs and Ottoman Turks, Prince Lazar, sultan Murat I and Miloš ObilicMiloš Obilic According to Serbian and South Slavic epic tradition, and historical and legendary sources, Milo Obilic was the name of the ... were killed The Vijayanagara EmpireVijayanagara Empire The Vijayanagara empire was based in the Deccan, in peninsular and southern India, from 1336 onwards.... is founded in South IndiaSouth India South India is a linguistic-cultural region of India that comprises the four Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnatak... by HariharaHarihara Harihara is a term used to denote the unity of Vishnu and Shiva as one and the same with Hari being the name of Vishnu and H... in 1336 The Hundred Years' WarHundred Years' War The Hundred Years' War was a conflict between England and France, lasting 116 years from 1337 to 1453.... begins when Edward IIIFacts About Edward III of England Edward III was one of the most successful English kings of medieval times.... of EnglandEngland England is the largest and most populous constituent country of the United Kingdom.... lays claim to the FrenchFrance France, officially the French Republic, is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in Western Europe and whi... throne in 1337. French recruit troops and ships in GenoaGenoa Genoa is a city and a seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria.... , MonacoMonaco Overview The Principality of Monaco , more commonly known as Monaco, is a constitutional monarchy and city-state in Western Eur... and NiceNice Overview Nice is a city in southern France located on the Mediterranean coast, between Marseille and Genoa, with 933,080 inhabitant... . Black DeathBlack Death The Black Death, also known as the Black Plague, was a devastating pandemic that first struck Europe in the mid-late-1... kills around a third of the population of Europe. The Battle of Lake PoyangBattle of Lake Poyang The naval battle of Lake Poyang took place 30 August - 4 October 1363 and was one of the final battles fought in the fall of... , a naval conflict between ChineseChina China is a cultural region and ancient civilization in East Asia.... rebel groups led by Chen YouliangChen Youliang Chn Youling was the founder of the rebel Dahan regime in late Yuan Dynasty in China.... and Zhu Yuanzhang, took place in August to October of 1363, and was one of the largest naval battles in historyLargest naval battle in history Naming the largest naval battle in history depends on the definitions of "largest" and "battle." Potential criteria include ... . The end of Mongol Yuan DynastyYuan Dynasty Overview The Yuan Dynasty lasting officially from 1271 to 1368, followed the Song Dynasty and preceded the Ming Dynasty in the histo... in ChinaChina China is a cultural region and ancient civilization in East Asia.... and the beginning of the Ming DynastyMing Dynasty The Mng Dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644.... The heresyFacts About Christian heresy Heresy, as a blanket term, describes a practice or belief that is labeled as unorthodox.... of LollardyLollardy Lollardy or Lollardry was the political and religious movement of the Lollards from the late 14th century to early in ... rises in EnglandEngland England is the largest and most populous constituent country of the United Kingdom.... The Great Schism of the WestWestern Schism The Western Schism or Papal Schism was a split within the Catholic church in 1378.... begins in 1378, eventually leading to 3 simultaneous popePope The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, and, as Successor of Saint Peter, is the head of the Catholic Church.... s. An account of BuddhaGautama Buddha Summary Gautama Buddha was a spiritual teacher in the ancient Indian subcontinent and the historical founder of Buddhism.... 's life, translated earlier into Greek by St John of Damascus and widely circulated to ChristiansChristianity Christianity is a monotheistic religion centered on Jesus of Nazareth, and on his life and teachings as presented in the New... as the story of BarlaamBarlaam Overview Barlam can refer to:Barlaam of Calabria an Italian clergyman of the 14th century... and Josaphat, became so popular Buddha (under the name Josaphat) was made a CatholicCatholic Catholic* - derived, through Latin, from the Greek adjective , meaning "general", "universal" - when used as a specifical... saintSaint A saint is a term used to refer to someone who is a holy person.... . SingaporeSingapore Singapore, formally the Republic of Singapore , is an island city-state and the smallest country in Southeast Asia.... emerges for the first time as a fortified city and trading centre of some importance. Reunification of PolandPoland Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country located in Central Europe.... under Ladislaus I of Poland Ciompi Revolt in FlorenceFlorence Florence is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy.... Peasants' RevoltPeasants' Revolt The Peasants' Revolt, Tylers Rebellion, or the Great Rising of 1381 was one of a number of popular revolts in la... in England IslamIslam Islam is a monotheistic religion based upon the Qur'an, which adherents believe was sent by God through Muhammad.... reaches TerengganuTerengganu Terengganu is a sultanate and constitutive state of federal Malaysia.... , on the Malay PeninsulaMalay Peninsula The Malay Peninsula is a major peninsula located in Southeast Asia.... . The HausaHausa people The Hausa are a Sahelian people chiefly located in the West African regions of northern Nigeria and southeastern Niger.... found several city-stateCity-state A city-state is a region controlled exclusively by a city, and usually having sovereignty.... s in the south of modern NigerNiger Niger, officially the Republic of Niger, is a landlocked sub-Saharan country in Western Africa, named after the Niger ... . The Mali EmpireMali Empire The Mali Empire was an empire of the Mandinka, a Mand people in West Africa, dating from the 13th to 16th centuries.... expands westward and conquers Tekrur. The poet PetrarchPetrarch Francesco Petrarca or Petrarch was an Italian scholar, poet, and early humanist.... coins the term Dark AgesDark Ages In historiography the phrase the Dark Ages is most commonly known in relation to the European Early Middle Ages.... to describe the preceding 900 years in EuropeEurope Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth.... , beginning with the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476476 Sorry, no overview for this topic through to the renewal embodied in the RenaissanceRenaissance In the traditional view, the Renaissance was understood as a historical age in Europe that followed the Middle Ages and ... . The Scots win the Scottish Wars of Independence. Union of KrewoUnion of Krewo The Union of KrewoThe document was discovered in 1837 and since then the Polish historiographic tradition calls it "Union of... between PolandPoland Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country located in Central Europe.... and LithuaniaLithuania Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania , is a country in northern Europe.... . Work begins on the Great Enclosure at Great ZimbabweGreat Zimbabwe Great Zimbabwe is the name given to the remains, sometimes referred to as the Great Zimbabwe Ruins, of an ancient Southe... , built of uncemented, dressed stone. The city's population is now between 10,000 and 40,000. Beginning of the RenaissanceRenaissance In the traditional view, the Renaissance was understood as a historical age in Europe that followed the Middle Ages and ... in Italy The English word "abacusAbacus Summary An abacus is a calculation tool, often constructed as a wooden frame with beads sliding on wires.... " used to describe the calculating device from ChinaChina China is a cultural region and ancient civilization in East Asia.... . Wang DayuanWang Dayuan Wang Dayuan was a traveller from Quanzhou, China during the Yuan Dynasty in the 14th century.... , the first ChineseChinese people The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following:... to sail into the Mediterranean while visiting EgyptEgypt Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a Middle Eastern country in North Africa.... and North AfricaNorth Africa North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent.... from 1334-1339. The Kalmar UnionKalmar Union The Kalmar Union was a series of personal unions that united the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden under a sing... is established in 1397, uniting NorwayNorway Insert non-formatted text hereNorway is a Nordic country on the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, bordering S... , SwedenSweden The Kingdom of Sweden is a Nordic country in Scandinavia.... and DenmarkDenmark The Kingdom of Denmark is the smallest and southernmost of the Nordic countries.... into one kingdom. Significant people Osman IOsman I Osman I was born in 1258 and inherited the title bey from his father, Ertugrul, as the ruler of the village of Sgt in 128... leader of the Ottoman TurksOttoman Dynasty The Ottoman Dynasty ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1281 to 1923, beginning with Osman I, though the dynasty was not proclaime... , founder of the dynasty that established and ruled the Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire The Ottoman Empire , is also sometimes known in the West as the Turkish Empire.... . Giotto di BondoneGiotto di Bondone Summary Giotto di Bondone, better known simply as Giotto, was an Italian painter and architect.... , Italian painter of the late Middle Ages, early Renaissance (c. 1267–1337) Simone MartiniSimone Martini Simone Martini was an Italian painter born in Siena.... , Italian painter of the late Middle Ages, early Renaissance 1284 – c. 1344 Edward IIEdward II of England Edward II, , of Caernarvon, was King of England from 1307 until deposed in January, 1327.... of CaernarfonCaernarfon Caernarfon is a royal town in north-west Wales.... , was King of EnglandKingdom of England The Kingdom of England was a state located in western Europe, in the southern part of the island of Great Britain, consisti... from 1307 until he was deposedDeposition (politics) Deposition by political means concerns the removal of a politician.... in January 1327. Robert the BruceRobert I of Scotland Robert I, , usually known in modern English today as Robert the Bruce , was King of Scotland .... , King of Scotland, victor in the First War of Scottish IndependenceFirst War of Scottish Independence The early period of the First War of Scottish Independence lasted from the outbreak of the war in 1296 until the coronation ... against invasion by the Kingdom of EnglandKingdom of England The Kingdom of England was a state located in western Europe, in the southern part of the island of Great Britain, consisti... . David II of ScotlandDavid II of Scotland David II king of Scots, son of King Robert the Bruce by his second wife, Elizabeth de Burgh, was born at Dunfermline Palace,... King of Scots, son of King Robert the BruceRobert I of Scotland Robert I, , usually known in modern English today as Robert the Bruce , was King of Scotland .... by his second wife, Elizabeth de BurghElizabeth de Burgh Elizabeth de Burgh was the second wife of Robert I of Scotland.... (d. 1327), was born at DunfermlineDunfermline The Royal Burgh of Dunfermline is a former city in Fife, Scotland.It sits on high ground 3 miles from the shore of the Firth... Palace, FifeFife Fife is a council area of Scotland, situated between the Firth of Tay and the Firth of Forth, with landward boundaries to P... . Joan of the TowerJoan of The Tower Overview Joan of England, known as Joan of the Tower was the first wife and Queen consort of David II of Scotland.... aka Joan of England, was the first wife and Queen consort of David II of ScotlandDavid II of Scotland David II king of Scots, son of King Robert the Bruce by his second wife, Elizabeth de Burgh, was born at Dunfermline Palace,... . She was born at the Tower of LondonTower of London The Tower of London is a dominating landmark in central Londonin the London Borough of Tower Hamlets on the eastern border o... and was the youngest daughter of Edward II of EnglandEdward II of England Edward II, , of Caernarvon, was King of England from 1307 until deposed in January, 1327.... and Isabella of FranceIsabella of France Isabella of France , known as the She-Wolf of France, was the Queen consort of Edward II of England.... . Juan Manuel, Duke of PenafielJuan Manuel, Duke of Penafiel Don Juan Manuel, Infante of Castile, was the son of Infante Don Juan Manuel and his second wife Beatrice of Savoy, and grand... , Spanish author. William of OckhamWilliam of Ockham Summary William of Ockham was an English Franciscan friar and scholastic philosopher, from Ockham, a small village in Surrey, near... , English Franciscan friar and philosopher (c. 1285 - 1347). Charles VCharles V of France Charles V the Wise was king of France from 1364 to 1380 and a member of the Valois Dynasty.... , called the Wise, was King of FranceList of French monarchs The monarchs of France ruled, first as kings and later as emperors, from the Middle Ages to 1848.... from 1364 to his death and a member of the House of Valois. Charles I of HungaryCharles I of Hungary Charles I of Hungary, also called Charles Robert, Carobert and Charles I Robert, was the king of Hungary f... , military, diplomatic and financial reformer, restoring the Kingdom of HungaryKingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary is the name of a kingdom that existed in Central Europe from 1000 to 1918.... to power. Chen YouliangChen Youliang Chn Youling was the founder of the rebel Dahan regime in late Yuan Dynasty in China.... , Chinese rebel leader and arch nemesis to Zhu Yuanzhang (aka Emperor Hongwu) Isabella of FranceIsabella of France Isabella of France , known as the She-Wolf of France, was the Queen consort of Edward II of England.... , queen consort and regent of the Kingdom of EnglandKingdom of England The Kingdom of England was a state located in western Europe, in the southern part of the island of Great Britain, consisti... (c. 1295 - 1358). Roger de Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, an English nobleman, was for three years de facto ruler of EnglandEngland England is the largest and most populous constituent country of the United Kingdom.... , after leading a successful rebellion against Edward IIEdward II of England Edward II, , of Caernarvon, was King of England from 1307 until deposed in January, 1327.... . Richard IIRichard II of England Richard II was the son of Edward the Black Prince, Prince of Wales, and Joan "The Fair Maid of Kent".... was the King of England from 1377 until he was deposedDeposition (politics) Deposition by political means concerns the removal of a politician.... in 1399. Ibn BattutaIbn Battuta Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Battuta was a Moroccan Berber Sunni Islamic scholar and jurisprudent from the Maliki Madhhab , a... , Arab Muslim traveler. Jiao YuJiao Yu Jiao Yu was a Chinese military officer loyal to Zhu Yuanzhang , the founder of the Ming Dynasty .... , Chinese general and author of the HuolongjingHuolongjing The *Huolongjing* is a 14th century military treatise that was compiled and edited by Jiao Yu and Liu Ji of the early Ming... military treatise Liu JiLiu Ji Liu Ji was a Chinese military strategist and statesman in the Ming dynasty.... , a Chinese general, court advisor, philosopher, and co-editor of the HuolongjingHuolongjing The *Huolongjing* is a 14th century military treatise that was compiled and edited by Jiao Yu and Liu Ji of the early Ming... Casimir III of PolandFacts About Casimir III of Poland Casimir III, called the Great , King of Poland , was the son of King Wladyslaw I the Elbow-high and Jadwiga of Gniezno... , expansionist and financial reformer. Edward IIIEdward III of England Edward III was one of the most successful English kings of medieval times.... , King of EnglandList of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England The Monarch of England was the head of state of the Kingdom of England, which was unified as a state in a series of stages b... . His claim to the throne of France resulted in the Hundred Years' WarFacts About Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years' War was a conflict between England and France, lasting 116 years from 1337 to 1453.... . Edward, the Black PrinceEdward, the Black Prince Edward of Woodstock, Prince of Wales, KG , popularly known as the Black Prince, was the eldest son of King Edward III ... or Edward of Woodstock, Prince of WalesFacts About Prince of Wales The Heir Apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom is traditionally invested with the title of Prince of Wales... , KGOrder of the Garter The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an English order of chivalry with a history stretching back to medival times; today it... , was the eldest son of King Edward III of EnglandEdward III of England Edward III was one of the most successful English kings of medieval times.... and Philippa of HainaultPhilippa of Hainault Philippa of Hainault was the Queen consort of Edward III of England.... , and father to King Richard II of EnglandRichard II of England Richard II was the son of Edward the Black Prince, Prince of Wales, and Joan "The Fair Maid of Kent".... . TimurTimur Timur bin Taraghay Barlas was a 14th century warlord of Turco-Mongol descent, conqueror of much of Western and central Asia,... , Central Asian warlord and founder of the Timurid DynastyTimurid Dynasty Overview Pir Muhammad bin Jahangir 1405 - 1407Qaidu bin Pir Muhammad bin Jahangir 808-811 AH... . Mansa MusaMansa Musa Mansa Kankan Musa I or Mansa Musa or The Lion of Mali was a 14th century king of the Mali Empire.... (d. 1347), King of the Mali EmpireMali Empire The Mali Empire was an empire of the Mandinka, a Mand people in West Africa, dating from the 13th to 16th centuries.... while it was the source of almost half the world's gold. Hongwu EmperorHongwu Emperor Overview The Hongwu Emperor, personal name Zhu Yuanzhang, was the founder and first emperor of the Mng Dynasty of China.... , founder of the Ming DynastyMing Dynasty The Mng Dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644.... in China Literature Dante AlighieriDante Alighieri Durante degli Alighieri, better known as Dante Alighieri or simply Dante, was an Italian Florentine poet.... , Italian poet and writer. Giovanni BoccaccioGiovanni Boccaccio Giovanni Boccaccio was an Italian author and poet, a friend and correspondent of Petrarch, an important Renaissance humanis... , Italian author. Geoffrey ChaucerGeoffrey Chaucer Summary Geoffrey Chaucer was an English author, poet, philosopher, bureaucrat , and diplomat.... (c. 1343 – 1400?) was an EnglishFacts About England England is the largest and most populous constituent country of the United Kingdom.... authorAuthor An author is the person who creates a written work, such as a book, story, article, or the like, whether short or long, fict... , poetPoet A poet is someone who writes poetry.... , philosopher, bureaucratBureaucracy Overview Bureaucracy is a concept in sociology and political science referring to the way that the administrative execution and enfo... , courtierNoble court A royal or noble court, as an instrument of government broader than a court of justice, comprises an extended househol... and diplomat. HafezHafez Khwajeh Shams al-Din Muhammad Hafez-e Shirazi was a Persian mystic and poet.... Persian poet (c. 1310 - 1379. William LanglandWilliam Langland William Langland is the conjectured author of the 14th-century English dream-vision Piers Plowman.... (ca. 1332 - ca. 1386) is the conjectured authorAuthor An author is the person who creates a written work, such as a book, story, article, or the like, whether short or long, fict... of the EnglishEngland England is the largest and most populous constituent country of the United Kingdom.... dream-vision Piers PlowmanPiers Plowman *Piers Plowman* or Visio Willelmi de Petro Ploughman is the title of a Middle English allegorical narrative by William... . Guillaume de MachautFacts About Guillaume de Machaut Guillaume de Machaut, sometimes spelled Machault,, was an important Medieval French poet and composer.... , French composer and poet (c. 1300 - 1377). Francesco PetrarchPetrarch Francesco Petrarca or Petrarch was an Italian scholar, poet, and early humanist.... , Italian poet and writer. Christine de PizanChristine de Pizan Christine de Pizan was a medieval writer, rhetorician, and critic, who strongly challenged misogyny in the male-dominated r... , French writer. Inventions, discoveries, introductions First real handgun in the world invented in FlorenceFlorence Florence is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy.... 11 Feb 1326. http://riv.co.nz/rnza/hist/gun/firstgun.htm music of the Ars novaArs nova *Ars nova* was a stylistic period in music of the Late Middle Ages, centered in France, which encompassed the period from ... The technique of knittingKnitting Knitting is one of several ways to turn thread or yarn into cloth .... Foundation of the University of Cracow Chinese text the HuolongjingHuolongjing The *Huolongjing* is a 14th century military treatise that was compiled and edited by Jiao Yu and Liu Ji of the early Ming... by Jiao YuJiao Yu Jiao Yu was a Chinese military officer loyal to Zhu Yuanzhang , the founder of the Ming Dynasty .... describes fire lanceFire lance The fire lance or fire spear is one of the first gunpowder weapons in the world. ... s, fire arrowFire Arrow The Fire Arrow is a projectile weapon that uses black powder.... s, rocket launcherRocket launcher Summary Rocket launcher or missile launcher can mean:... s, land mineLand mine A land mine is a type of self-contained explosive device which is placed onto or into the ground, exploding when triggered b... s, naval mineNaval mine A naval mine is a self-contained explosive device placed in water to destroy ships or submarines.... s, bombardBombard Bombard may refer to:Bombard, a type of late medieval siege weapon.... s, cannonCannon A cannon* is any large tubular firearm designed to fire a heavy projectile over a considerable distance.... s, and hollow cast ironCast iron Cast iron usually refers to grey cast iron, but can mean any of a group of iron-based alloys containing more than 2% carbon.... cannonballRound shot Round shot is a type of projectile fired from guns or cannons.... s filled with gunpowderGunpowder Gunpowder, whether black powder or smokeless powder, is a substance that burns very rapidly, releasing gases tha... , and their use to set ablaze enemy camps. Decades and years