14th century

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Facts about 14th century

Events

• The transition from the Medieval Warm Period
  Medieval Warm Period
  
  The Medieval Warm Period or Medieval Climate Optimum was a time of warm climate in the Atlantic Ocean region, lasting from about the tenth century to about the fourteenth century....
   to the Little Ice Age
  Little Ice Age
  
  The Little Ice Age was a period of cooling occurring after a warmer North Atlantic era known as the Medieval Warm Period or Medieval Climate Optimum....
  
• Beginning of the Ottoman Empire
  Ottoman Empire
  
  The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
  , early expansion into the early Balkans
  Balkans
  
  The Balkans is the historical name of a geographic subregion of southeastern Europe. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains, which run through the centre of Bulgaria into eastern Serbia....
  

• The Great Famine of 1315-1317 kills millions of people in Europe
  Europe
  
  Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
  
• Being forced out of previous locations, the Mexica
  Aztec
  
  Aztec is a term used to refer to certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl and who achieved political and military dominance over large parts of Mesoamerica in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, a period referred to as the Late post-Classic period in Mesoamerican chronology....
   found the city of Tenochtitlan
  Tenochtitlan
  
  Tenochtitlan was a Nahua peoples altepetl located on an island in Lake Texcoco, in the Valley of Mexico. Founded in 1325, it became the seat of Aztec Empire in the 15th century, until being Fall of Tenochtitlan....
   in 1325
• Battle of Kosovo
  Battle of Kosovo
  
  The Battle of Kosovo was fought on Vidovdan between the Serbian Empire, her allies, and the Ottoman Empire, in a Gazimestan about 5 kilometers northwest of Pristina....
   in 1389 between Serbs and Ottoman Turks, Prince Lazar, sultan Murat I and Miloš Obilic
  Miloš Obilic
  
  Milo? Obilic was a 14th century Serbian knight. He features prominently in legends surrounding the Battle of Kosovo. He is a major figure in Serbian epic poetry, and is a legendary, as well as a historical persona....
   were killed
• The Vijayanagara Empire
  Vijayanagara Empire
  
  The Vijayanagara Empire was a South Indian empire based in the Deccan Plateau. Established in 1336 by Harihara I and his brother Bukka Raya I, it lasted until 1646 although its power declined after a major military defeat in 1565 by the Deccan sultanates....
   is founded in South India
  South India
  
  South India is the area encompassing India's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the Union territories of India of Lakshadweep and Pondicherry, occupying 19.31% of area....
   by Harihara
  Harihara
  
  Harihara is the name of a combined deity form of both Vishnu and Shiva from the Hinduism tradition. Also known as Shankaranarayana , Harihara is thus worshipped by both Vaishnavism and Shaivism as a form of the Supreme God, as well as being a figure of worship for other Hindu traditions in general....
   in 1336
• The Hundred Years' War
  Hundred Years' War
  
  The Hundred Years' War was a prolonged conflict lasting from 1337 to 1453 between two royal houses for the French throne, which was vacant with the extinction of the senior House of Capet line of French kings....
   begins when Edward III
  Edward III of England
  
  Edward III was one of the most successful List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of Englands of the Britain in the Middle Ages. Restoring royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II of England, Edward III went on to transform the Kingdom of England into the most efficient military power in Europe....
   of England
  England
  
  native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
   lays claim to the French
  France
  
  France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
   throne in 1337.
• French recruit troops and ships in Genoa
  Genoa
  
  Genoa is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. The city has a population of about 610,000 and the urban area has a population of about 900,000....
  , Monaco
  Monaco
  
  Monaco , officially the Principality of Monaco , is a small sovereign city-state located in South Western Europe . The territory lies on the northern coast of the Mediterranean Sea....
   and Nice
  Nice
  
  Nice is a city in Southern France France located on the Mediterranean Sea coast, between Marseille, France, and Genoa, Italy, with 1,197,751 inhabitants in the 2007 estimate....
  . (1345 - 1346)
• Black Death
  Black Death
  
  The Black Death, was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, widely thought to have been caused by a bacterium named Yersinia pestis , but recently attributed by some factors to other diseases....
   kills around a third of the population of Europe. (1347 - 1351)
• The Battle of Lake Poyang
  Battle of Lake Poyang
  
  The naval battle of Lake Poyang took place 30 August ? 4 October 1363 and was one of the final battles fought in the fall of China's Mongol Empire-led Yuan Dynasty....
  , a naval conflict between Chinese
  China
  
  China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
   rebel groups led by Chen Youliang
  Chen Youliang
  
  Chen Youliang was the founder of the rebel Dahan regime in late Yuan Dynasty in China.Chen was born with the surname Xie to a fishermen family in Mianyang ....
   and Zhu Yuanzhang, took place in August to October of 1363, and was one of the largest naval battles in history
  Largest naval battle in history
  
  The title of "largest naval battle in history" may be conferred according to criteria which might include the numbers of personnel and/or vessels involved in the battle, the total tonnage of the vessels involved, the damage sustained, or the casualties inflicted....
  .
• The end of Mongol Yuan Dynasty
  Yuan Dynasty
  
  The Yuan Dynasty , or Great Yuan Empire was both the continuation of the Mongol Empire and the Mongol founded historical state in Mongolia and China, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368....
   in China
  China
  
  China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
   and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty
  Ming Dynasty
  
  The Ming Dynasty , or Empire of the Great Ming , was the ruling Dynasties in Chinese history of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty....
   (1368)
• The heresy
  Christian heresy
  
  Heresy is the rejection of one or more established beliefs of a religious body, or adherence to "other beliefs." Christian heresy refers to unorthodox practices and beliefs that were deemed to be heretical by one or more of the Christian churches....
   of Lollardy
  Lollardy
  
  Lollardy was the political and religious movement of the Lollards from the mid-14th century to the English Reformation. The term Lollards refers to the followers of John Wycliffe, a prominent theology at the University of Oxford beginning in the 1350s....
   rises in England
  England
  
  native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
  
• The Great Schism of the West
  Western Schism
  
  The Great Schism of Western Christianity or Papal Schism was a split within the Roman Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417. By its end, three men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope....
   begins in 1378, eventually leading to 3 simultaneous pope
  Pope
  
  The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church and head of state of Vatican City. The current pope is Pope Benedict XVI, who was elected April 19, 2005 in Papal conclave, 2005....
  s.
• An account of Buddha
  Gautama Buddha
  
  Siddhartha Gautama was a Spirituality teacher in the northern region of the Indian subcontinent who founded Buddhism. He is generally seen by Buddhists as the Supreme Buddhahood of our age....
  's life, translated earlier into Greek by St John of Damascus and widely circulated to Christians
  Christianity
  
  Christianity is a Monotheistic religion #Christian view religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus as New Testament view on Jesus' life....
   as the story of Barlaam
  Barlaam
  
  Barlaam may refer to:*Barlaam of Calabria, an Italian clergyman of the 14th century*Saint Barlaam, eventual companion of St. Josaphat of India...
   and Josaphat, became so popular Buddha (under the name Josaphat) was made a Catholic
  Catholic
  
  Catholic is an adjective derived from the Greek language adjective , meaning "whole" or "complete". In the context of Christianity ecclesiology, it has a rich history and several usages....
   saint
  Saint
  
  A saint in Christianity is a human being who has been called to holiness. The term is used differently by various denominations, with some, such as the Anglicans, Methodists, and Lutherans distinguishing between Saints and saints....
  .
• Singapore
  Singapore
  
  Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country microstate located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula. It lies 137 kilometres north of the equator, south of the Malaysian state of Johor and north of Indonesia's Riau Islands....
   emerges for the first time as a fortified city and trading centre of some importance.
• Reunification of Poland
  Poland
  
  Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
   under Ladislaus I of Poland
• Ciompi Revolt in Florence
  Florence
  
  Florence is the Capital city of the Italy Regions of Italy of Tuscany and of the provinces of Italy Province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany and has a population of 364,779 ....
  
• Peasants' Revolt
  Peasants' Revolt
  
  The Peasants' Revolt, Tyler?s Rebellion, or the Great Rising of AD 1381 was one of a number of popular revolts in late medieval Europe and is a major event in the history of England....
   in England
• Islam
  Islam
  
  Islam is a Monotheism, Abrahamic religion originating with the teachings of the Prophets of Islam Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure....
   reaches Terengganu
  Terengganu
  
  Terengganu is a sultanate and constitutive state of federal Malaysia. The state is also known by its Arabic honorific, Darul Iman . The coastal city of Kuala Terengganu which stands at the mouth of the broad Terengganu River is both the state and royal capital as well as the largest city in Terengganu....
  , on the Malay Peninsula
  Malay Peninsula
  
  The Malay Peninsula or Thai-Malay Peninsula is a major peninsula located in Southeast Asia. It is also known as the Kra Peninsula and runs approximately north-south through the Kra Isthmus....
  .
• The Hausa
  Hausa people
  
  The Hausa are a Sahelian people chiefly located in the West Africa regions of northern Nigeria and southeastern Niger. There are also significant numbers found in regions of Sudan, Cameroon, Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire, and Chad and smaller communities scattered throughout West Africa and on the traditional Hajj route across the Sahara Desert and Sa...
   found several city-state
  City-state
  
  A city-state is an independent country whose territory consists solely of a single major city and the area immediately surrounding it. Examples include the city-states of ancient Greece , the Phoenician cities of Canaan , the Sumerian cities of Mesopotamia , the Mayans of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica , the central Asian cities along the Silk Roa...
  s in the south of modern Niger
  Niger
  
  Niger , officially the Republic of Niger, is a landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. It borders Nigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, Algeria and Libya to the north and Chad to the east....
  .
• The Mali Empire
  Mali Empire
  
  The Mali Empire or Manding Empire or Manden Kurufa was a West African civilization of the Mandinka people from c. 1230 to c. 1600. The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita and became renowned for the wealth of its rulers, especially Mansa Mansa Musa....
   expands westward and conquers Tekrur.
• The poet Petrarch
  Petrarch
  
  Francesco Petrarca , known in English language as Petrarch, was an Italy scholar, poet and one of the earliest Renaissance humanism. Petrarch is often popularly called the "Father of Humanism"....
   coins the term Dark Ages
  Dark Ages
  
  Dark Age or Dark Ages is a term in historiography referring to a period of cultural decline or societal collapse that took place in Western Europe between the Decline of the Roman Empire and the eventual recovery of learning....
   to describe the preceding 900 years in Europe
  Europe
  
  Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
  , beginning with the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476
  476
  
  Sorry, no overview for this topic
   through to the renewal embodied in the Renaissance
  Renaissance
  
  The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe....
  .
• The Scots win the Scottish Wars of Independence.
• Union of Krewo
  Union of Krewo
  
  The Union of Krewo, also known as Kreva Act was a set of promises of Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania for marriage between him and the underage reigning Queen Jadwiga of Poland....
   between Poland
  Poland
  
  Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
   and Lithuania
  Lithuania
  
  Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the southernmost of the three Baltic states. Situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad Oblast to the southwest....
  .
• Work begins on the Great Enclosure at Great Zimbabwe
  Great Zimbabwe
  
  The Great Zimbabwe, or "stone buildings", is the name given to stone ruins spread out over a 722 ha area within the modern-day country of Zimbabwe, which itself is named after the ruins....
  , built of uncemented, dressed stone. The city's population is now between 10,000 and 40,000.
• Beginning of the Renaissance
  Renaissance
  
  The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe....
   in Italy
• The English word "abacus
  Abacus
  
  An abacus, also called a counting frame, is a calculating tool used primarily in parts of Asia for performing arithmetic processes. Today, abacuses are often constructed as a bamboo frame with beads sliding on wires, but originally they were beans or stones moved in grooves in sand or on tablets of wood, stone, or metal....
  " used to describe the calculating device from China
  China
  
  China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
  .
• Wang Dayuan
  Wang Dayuan
  
  Wang Dayuan was a traveller from Quanzhou, China during the Yuan Dynasty in the 14th century. He made two major trips on ships. During 1328-1333, he sailed along the South China Sea and visited many places in Southeast Asia and reached as far as South Asia, landing in Sri Lanka and India....
  , the first Chinese
  Chinese people
  
  The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following:*People who reside in and hold citizenship of the Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China or the Republic of China ....
   to sail into the Mediterranean while visiting Egypt
  Egypt
  
  Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
   and North Africa
  North Africa
  
  North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan Africa.Geopolitically, the United Nations subregion of Northern Africa includes the following seven countries or territories:...
   from 1334-1339.
• The Kalmar Union
  Kalmar Union
  
  The Kalmar Union is a historiography term meaning a series of personal unions that united the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden under a single monarch, though intermittently....
   is established in 1397, uniting Norway
  Norway
  
  Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a constitutional monarchy in Northern Europe that occupies the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula....
  , Sweden
  Sweden
  
  Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic countries on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway to the west and Finland to the northeast, and it is connected to Denmark by the ?resund Bridge in the south....
   and Denmark
  Denmark
  
  Denmark is a Scandinavian country in northern Europe and the senior member of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries....
   into one kingdom.
• Foundation of Tenochtitlan
  Tenochtitlan
  
  Tenochtitlan was a Nahua peoples altepetl located on an island in Lake Texcoco, in the Valley of Mexico. Founded in 1325, it became the seat of Aztec Empire in the 15th century, until being Fall of Tenochtitlan....
  , Aztec
  Aztec
  
  Aztec is a term used to refer to certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl and who achieved political and military dominance over large parts of Mesoamerica in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, a period referred to as the Late post-Classic period in Mesoamerican chronology....
   capital city, in the valley of Mexico
  Valley of Mexico
  
  The Valley of Mexico is a highlands plateau in central Mexico roughly coterminous with the present-day Mexican Federal District and the eastern half of the M?xico ....
  .

Significant people

• Louis the Great
  Louis I of Hungary
  
  Louis I the Great was King of Hungary from 1342 and of King of Poland from 1370.Louis was the head of the senior branch of the Angevin dynasty....
   (king: 1342-1382) King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, Jerusalem, Sicily and Poland from 1370. He led campaigns From Lithuania to Southern Italy, From Poland to Northern Greece. He had the greatest military potential of the century with his ernomous armies.(Often over 100,000 men)
• Osman I
  Osman I
  
  Osman IOsman Gazi or Othman I El-Gazi Ottoman Turkish language: ????? ?? ??????, or Osman Bey or I.Osman or Osman Sayed II) was the leader of the Ottoman Turks, and the founder of the Ottoman dynasty that established and ruled the Ottoman Empire....
   (1258 –1326, Osman Gazi or Osman Bey or I.Osman or Osman Sayed II) leader of the Ottoman Turks
  Ottoman Dynasty
  
  File:Barber cape.jpgThe Ottoman Dynasty ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922, beginning with Osman I , though the dynasty was not proclaimed until Orhan Bey declared himself sultan....
  , founder of the dynasty that established and ruled the Ottoman Empire
  Ottoman Empire
  
  The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
  .*

• Simone Martini
  Simone Martini
  
  Simone Martini was an Italy painter born in Siena.He was a major figure in the development of early Italian painting and greatly influenced the development of the International Gothic style....
  , Italian painter of the late Middle Ages, early Renaissance 1284 – c. 1344
• Edward II
  Edward II of England
  
  Edward II, of Caernarfon, was Kingdom of England from 1307 until he was deposition in January 1327. His tendency to ignore his nobility in favour of low-born favourites led to constant political unrest and his eventual deposition....
   (1284 – 1327?) of Caernarfon
  Caernarfon
  
  Caernarfon is a List of UK place names with royal patronage in Gwynedd, northwest Wales.The name comes from Welsh Caer yn Arfon = "castle in Arfon", referring to the Roman Empire fort named Segontium....
  , was King of England
  Kingdom of England
  
  The Kingdom of England was, from 927 to 1707, a state in North-West Europe. The Kingdom of England spanned the southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain and a number of smaller outlying islands?what is today the legal unit of England and Wales....
   from 1307 until he was deposed
  Deposition (politics)
  
  Deposition by political means concerns the removal of a politician or monarch. It may be done by coup, impeachment, invasion or forced abdication....
   in January 1327.
• Charles IV, King of Bohemia, one of most powerful man in Europe.
• Robert the Bruce
  Robert I of Scotland
  
  Robert I, King of the Scots usually known in modern English as Robert the Bruce was King of the Scots from 1306 until his death in 1329....
  , King of Scotland, victor in the First War of Scottish Independence
  First War of Scottish Independence
  
  The First War of Scottish Independence lasted from the outbreak of the war with the invasion by England in 1296 until the de jure restoration of Scottish independence with the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton in 1328....
   against invasion by the Kingdom of England
  Kingdom of England
  
  The Kingdom of England was, from 927 to 1707, a state in North-West Europe. The Kingdom of England spanned the southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain and a number of smaller outlying islands?what is today the legal unit of England and Wales....
   (1274 - 1329).
• David II of Scotland
  David II of Scotland
  
  Daibhidh a Briuis , anglicised as David II , was King of Scotland between 7 June 1329 and 22 February 1371....
   (1324 – 1371) King of Scots, son of King Robert the Bruce
  Robert I of Scotland
  
  Robert I, King of the Scots usually known in modern English as Robert the Bruce was King of the Scots from 1306 until his death in 1329....
   by his second wife, Elizabeth de Burgh
  Elizabeth de Burgh
  
  Elizabeth de Burgh was the second wife of Robert I of Scotland .She was born in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland as the daughter of the powerful Richard ?g de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster and his wife Margarite de Burgh ....
   (d. 1327), was born at Dunfermline
  Dunfermline
  
  Dunfermline is a town in Fife which had official City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom#Pretenders until 1970. It is located on high ground five miles from the northern shore of the Firth of Forth on the route of major road and rail crossings across the firth to Edinburgh and the south....
   Palace, Fife
  Fife
  
  Fife is a council area of Scotland, situated between the Firth of Tay and the Firth of Forth, with inland boundaries to Perth and Kinross and Clackmannanshire....
  .
• Joan of the Tower
  Joan of The Tower
  
  Joan of England , known as Joan of the Tower was the first wife and Queen consort of David II of Scotland. She was born in the Tower of London and was the youngest daughter of Edward II of England and Isabella of France....
   aka Joan of England (1321–1362), was the first wife and Queen consort of David II of Scotland
  David II of Scotland
  
  Daibhidh a Briuis , anglicised as David II , was King of Scotland between 7 June 1329 and 22 February 1371....
  . She was born at the Tower of London
  Tower of London
  
  Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower of London , is a historic monument in central London, England, on the north bank of the River Thames....
   and was the youngest daughter of Edward II of England
  Edward II of England
  
  Edward II, of Caernarfon, was Kingdom of England from 1307 until he was deposition in January 1327. His tendency to ignore his nobility in favour of low-born favourites led to constant political unrest and his eventual deposition....
   and Isabella of France
  Isabella of France
  
  Isabella of France , known as the She-Wolf of France, was the Queen consort of Edward II of England and mother of Edward III. She was the youngest surviving child and only surviving daughter of Philip IV of France and Joan I of Navarre....
  .
• Juan Manuel, Duke of Penafiel
  Juan Manuel, Duke of Penafiel
  
  Don Juan Manuel is one of the most important Spanish medieval writers, nephew of Alfonso X of Castile, son of Juan Manuel, Lord of Villena and Lady Beatrice of Savoy ....
  , Spanish author (1282 - 1349).
• William of Ockham
  William of Ockham
  
  William of Ockham was an England Franciscan friar and Scholasticism philosopher, from Ockham, Surrey, a small village in Surrey, near East Horsley....
  , English Franciscan friar and philosopher (c. 1285 - 1347).
• Charles V
  Charles V of France
  
  Charles V , called the Wise, was List of French monarchs from 1364 to his death and a member of the House of Valois. His reign marked a high point for France during the Hundred Years' War, with his armies recovering much of the territory ceded to England at the Treaty of Br?tigny....
   (1338 – 1380), called the Wise, was King of France
  List of French monarchs
  
  The monarchs of France ruled, first as kings and later as emperors , from the Middle Ages to 1870. There is some disagreement as to when France came into existence....
   from 1364 to his death and a member of the House of Valois.
• Charles I of Hungary
  Charles I of Hungary
  
  Charles I of Hungary , , is also known as Charles Robert, Charles Robert of Anjou, and Charles Robert of Anjou-Hungary, King of Hungary ....
  , military, diplomatic and financial reformer, restoring the Kingdom of Hungary
  Kingdom of Hungary
  
  The Kingdom of Hungary , which existed from 1000 to 1918, and then from 1920 to 1946, was a considerable state in Central Europe....
   to power (1288 - 1342).
• Chen Youliang
  Chen Youliang
  
  Chen Youliang was the founder of the rebel Dahan regime in late Yuan Dynasty in China.Chen was born with the surname Xie to a fishermen family in Mianyang ....
  , Chinese rebel leader and arch nemesis to Zhu Yuanzhang (aka Emperor Hongwu)
• Isabella of France
  Isabella of France
  
  Isabella of France , known as the She-Wolf of France, was the Queen consort of Edward II of England and mother of Edward III. She was the youngest surviving child and only surviving daughter of Philip IV of France and Joan I of Navarre....
  , queen consort and regent of the Kingdom of England
  Kingdom of England
  
  The Kingdom of England was, from 927 to 1707, a state in North-West Europe. The Kingdom of England spanned the southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain and a number of smaller outlying islands?what is today the legal unit of England and Wales....
   (c. 1295 - 1358).
• Roger de Mortimer, 1st Earl of March (1287 –1330), an English nobleman, was for three years de facto ruler of England
  England
  
  native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
  , after leading a successful rebellion against Edward II
  Edward II of England
  
  Edward II, of Caernarfon, was Kingdom of England from 1307 until he was deposition in January 1327. His tendency to ignore his nobility in favour of low-born favourites led to constant political unrest and his eventual deposition....
  .
• Richard II
  Richard II of England
  
  Richard II was the eighth King of England of the House of Plantagenet. He ruled from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. Richard was a son of Edward, the Black Prince and was born during the reign of his grandfather, Edward III of England....
   (1367 – 1400) was the King of England from 1377 until he was deposed
  Deposition (politics)
  
  Deposition by political means concerns the removal of a politician or monarch. It may be done by coup, impeachment, invasion or forced abdication....
   in 1399.
• Ibn Battuta
  Ibn Battuta
  
  Ibn Battuta was a Muslim Berber, scholar and traveller who is known for the account of his travels and excursions called the Rihla. His journeys lasted for a period of nearly thirty years and covered almost the entirety of the known Muslim world and beyond, extending from North Africa, West Africa, Southern Europe and Eastern Europe in t...
  , Berber Muslim traveler (1304 - 1368/1377).
• Jiao Yu
  Jiao Yu
  
  Jiao Yu was a History of China military officer loyal to Zhu Yuanzhang , the founder of the Ming Dynasty . He was entrusted by Hongwu Emperor as a leading artillery officer for the rebel army that overthrew the Mongol Yuan Dynasty, and established the Ming Dynasty....
  , Chinese general and author of the Huolongjing
  Huolongjing
  
  The Huolongjing is a 14th century military treatise that was compiled and edited by Jiao Yu and Liu Ji of the early Ming Dynasty in China....
   military treatise
• Liu Ji, a Chinese general, court advisor, philosopher, and co-editor of the Huolongjing
  Huolongjing
  
  The Huolongjing is a 14th century military treatise that was compiled and edited by Jiao Yu and Liu Ji of the early Ming Dynasty in China....
  
• Casimir III of Poland
  Casimir III of Poland
  
  Casimir III the Great , last List of Polish monarchs from the Piast dynasty , was the son of King Wladyslaw I the Elbow-high and Jadwiga of Gniezno and Greater Poland....
  , expansionist and financial reformer (1310 - 1370).
• Edward III
  Edward III of England
  
  Edward III was one of the most successful List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of Englands of the Britain in the Middle Ages. Restoring royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II of England, Edward III went on to transform the Kingdom of England into the most efficient military power in Europe....
  , King of England
  List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England
  
  The first person to assume the title King of the English was apparently Offa of Mercia, though his power did not survive him. In the 9th century the kings of Wessex, who conquered Kent and Sussex from Mercia in 825, became increasingly dominant over the other kingdoms of England....
  . His claim to the throne of France resulted in the Hundred Years' War
  Hundred Years' War
  
  The Hundred Years' War was a prolonged conflict lasting from 1337 to 1453 between two royal houses for the French throne, which was vacant with the extinction of the senior House of Capet line of French kings....
   (1312 - 1377).
• Edward, the Black Prince
  Edward, the Black Prince
  
  Edward of Woodstock, Prince of Wales, Order of the Garter , popularly known as The Black Prince, was the eldest son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault, and father to King Richard II of England....
   or Edward of Woodstock, Prince of Wales
  Prince of Wales
  
  Prince of Wales is a title traditionally granted to the Heir Apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom . The current Prince of Wales is Charles, Prince of Wales, the eldest son of Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom....
  , KG
  Order of the Garter
  
  The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry, or knighthood, originating in medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms; it is the pinnacle of the Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom....
   (1330 – 1376), was the eldest son of King Edward III of England
  Edward III of England
  
  Edward III was one of the most successful List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of Englands of the Britain in the Middle Ages. Restoring royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II of England, Edward III went on to transform the Kingdom of England into the most efficient military power in Europe....
   and Philippa of Hainault
  Philippa of Hainault
  
  Philippa of Hainault was the Queen consort of Edward III of England....
  , and father to King Richard II of England
  Richard II of England
  
  Richard II was the eighth King of England of the House of Plantagenet. He ruled from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. Richard was a son of Edward, the Black Prince and was born during the reign of his grandfather, Edward III of England....
  .
• Timur
  Timur
  
  Timur , among his other names, commonly known as Tamerlane in the West, was a 14th century Turko-Mongol conqueror of much of western and Central Asia, and founder of the Timurid dynasty in Central Asia, which survived until 1857 as the Mughal Empire of India....
  , Central Asian warlord and founder of the Timurid Dynasty
  Timurid Dynasty
  
  The Timurids, self-designated Gurkani , were a Persianate society Central Asian Sunni Islam dynasty of originally Turko-Mongol descent whose empire included the whole of Central Asia, Iran, modern Afghanistan and Pakistan, as well as large parts of India, Mesopotamia and Caucasus....
   (1336 - 1405).
• Mansa Musa
  Mansa Musa
  
  Mansa Kankan Musa was the tenth mansa or emperor of the Mali Empire during its height in the 14th century. He ruled as mansa from 1312 to 1337....
   (d. 1347), King of the Mali Empire
  Mali Empire
  
  The Mali Empire or Manding Empire or Manden Kurufa was a West African civilization of the Mandinka people from c. 1230 to c. 1600. The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita and became renowned for the wealth of its rulers, especially Mansa Mansa Musa....
   while it was the source of almost half the world's gold.
• Hongwu Emperor
  Hongwu Emperor
  
  The Hongwu Emperor , known variably by his given name Zhu Yuanzhang and by the temple name Taizu of the Ming Dynasty was the founder and first emperor of the Ming Dynasty of China....
  , founder of the Ming Dynasty
  Ming Dynasty
  
  The Ming Dynasty , or Empire of the Great Ming , was the ruling Dynasties in Chinese history of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty....
   in China (1328 - 1398)

Literature

• Dante Alighieri
  Dante Alighieri
  
  Durante degli Alighieri , commonly known as Dante Alighieri, was a Florence poet of the Middle Ages. His Magnum opus, the Divine Comedy , is often considered the greatest literary work composed in the Italian language and a masterpiece of world literature....
  , Italian poet and writer (1265 - 1321).
• Giovanni Boccaccio
  Giovanni Boccaccio
  
  Giovanni Boccaccio was an Italy author and poet, a friend and correspondent of Petrarch, an important Renaissance humanism and the author of a number of notable works including the Decameron, On Famous Women, and his poetry in the Italian vernacular....
  , Italian author (1313 - 1375).
• Geoffrey Chaucer
  Geoffrey Chaucer
  
  Geoffrey Chaucer was an English author, poet, philosopher, Bureaucracy, Noble court and diplomat. Although he wrote many works, he is best remembered for his unfinished frame narrative The Canterbury Tales....
   (c. 1343 – 1400?) was an English
  England
  
  native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
   author
  Author
  
  An author is defined both as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created....
  , poet
  Poet
  
  A poet is a person who writes poetry....
  , philosopher, bureaucrat
  Bureaucracy
  
  Bureaucracy is the structure and set of regulations in place to control activity, usually in large organizations and government. As opposed to adhocracy, it is represented by standardized procedure that dictates the execution of most or all processes within the body, formal division of powers, hierarchy, and relationships....
  , courtier
  Noble court
  
  A royal or noble court, as an instrument of government broader than a court, comprises an extended household centred on a patron whose rule may govern law or be governed by it....
   and diplomat.
• Hafez
  Hafez
  
  Khwaja ?amsu d-Din Mu?ammad Hafez-e ?irazi , known by his pen name Hafez was the most celebrated Persian lyric poet and is often described as poet's poet....
   Persian poet (c. 1310 - 1379.
• William Langland
  William Langland
  
  William Langland is the conjectured author of the 14th-century English dream-vision Piers Plowman....
   (ca. 1332 - ca. 1386) is the conjectured author
  Author
  
  An author is defined both as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created....
   of the English
  England
  
  native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
   dream-vision Piers Plowman
  Piers Plowman
  
  Piers Plowman or Visio Willelmi de Petro Ploughman is the title of a Middle English allegorical narrative poem by William Langland. It is written in unrhymed alliterative verse divided into sections called "passus" ....
  .
• Guillaume de Machaut
  Guillaume de Machaut
  
  Guillaume de Machaut, sometimes spelled Machault, , was an important Middle Ages France poet and composer. He is one of the earliest composers for whom significant biographical information is available....
  , French composer and poet (c. 1300 - 1377).
• Francesco Petrarch
  Petrarch
  
  Francesco Petrarca , known in English language as Petrarch, was an Italy scholar, poet and one of the earliest Renaissance humanism. Petrarch is often popularly called the "Father of Humanism"....
  , Italian poet and writer (1304 - 1374).
• Christine de Pizan
  Christine de Pizan
  
  Christine de Pizan was a woman of the medieval era who strongly challenged misogyny and stereotypes that were prevalent in the male-dominated realm of the arts....
  , French writer (1364 - 1430).

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

• List of 14th century inventions
  Timeline of invention
  
  The timeline of historic inventions is a chronological list of particularly important or significant technological inventions.Note: Dates for inventions are often controversial....
  
• First real handgun in the world invented in Florence
  Florence
  
  Florence is the Capital city of the Italy Regions of Italy of Tuscany and of the provinces of Italy Province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany and has a population of 364,779 ....
   11 Feb 1326.
• music of the Ars nova
  Ars nova
  
  Ars nova was a stylistic period in music of the Late Middle Ages, centered in France, which encompassed the period roughly from the preparation of the Roman de Fauvel until the death of Guillaume de Machaut ....
  
• The technique of knitting
  Knitting
  
  Knitting is a method by which yarn may be turned into cloth. Knitting consists of loops called stitches pulled through each other. The active stitches are held on a needle until another loop can be passed through them....
  
• Foundation of the University of Cracow
• Chinese text the Huolongjing
  Huolongjing
  
  The Huolongjing is a 14th century military treatise that was compiled and edited by Jiao Yu and Liu Ji of the early Ming Dynasty in China....
   by Jiao Yu
  Jiao Yu
  
  Jiao Yu was a History of China military officer loyal to Zhu Yuanzhang , the founder of the Ming Dynasty . He was entrusted by Hongwu Emperor as a leading artillery officer for the rebel army that overthrew the Mongol Yuan Dynasty, and established the Ming Dynasty....
   describes fire lance
  Fire lance
  
  The fire lance or fire spear is one of the first gunpowder warfare in the world....
  s, fire arrow
  Fire Arrow
  
  The Fire Arrow is a projectile weapon that uses black powder. The earliest reference to its use comes in the Collection of the Most Important Military Techniques written in 1044....
  s (rocket
  Rocket
  
  A rocket or rocket vehicle is a missile, aircraft or other vehicle which obtains thrust by the Reaction of the rocket to the ejection of fast moving fluid exhaust from a rocket engine....
  s), rocket launcher
  Multiple rocket launcher
  
  A multiple rocket launcher is a type of unguided rocket artillery system. Like other rocket artillery, multiple rocket launchers are less accurate and have a much lower rate of fire than batteries of traditional artillery guns....
  s, land mine
  Land mine
  
  A land mine is an explosive device designed to be placed on or in the ground to explode when triggered by an operator or the proximity of a vehicle, person, or animal....
  s, naval mine
  Naval mine
  
  A naval mine is a self-contained explosive device placed in water to destroy ships or submarines. Unlike depth charges, mines are deposited and left to wait until they are triggered by the approach of or contact with an enemy ship....
  s, bombard
  Bombard
  
  Bombard may refer to:*The act of carrying out a bombardment*Bombard , a type of late medieval siege weapon.*Bombard , a contemporary double reed instrument used to play traditional Breton music....
  s, cannon
  Cannon
  
  A cannon is any tubular piece of artillery, that uses gunpowder or other usually explosive-based propellants to launch a projectile over a distance....
  s, and hollow cast iron
  Cast iron
  
  Cast iron usually refers to Gray iron, but also identifies a large group of ferrous alloys, which solidify with a eutectic. The color of a fractured surface can be used to identify an alloy....
   cannonball
  Round shot
  
  Round shot is an obsolete solid projectile without explosive charge fired from small arms or cannons. As the name implies, round shot is sphere; its diameter is slightly less than the Caliber of the gun it is fired from....
  s filled with gunpowder
  Gunpowder
  
  Gunpowder, also called black powder, is an explosive mixture of sulfur, charcoal and potassium nitrate, KNO3 that burns rapidly, producing volumes of hot solids and gases which can be used as a propellant in firearms and as a pyrotechnic composition in fireworks....
  , and their use to set ablaze enemy camps.

Decades and years