Temesvar Province, Ottoman Empire
Encyclopedia
The Province of Temeşvar (also Temeşvar Eyalet or Eyalet-i Temeşvar) was a first-level administrative unit (eyalet
) of the Ottoman Empire
located in the Banat
region of Central Europe
. Besides Banat, the province also included area north of the Mureş River
, part of the Crişana
region. Its territory is now divided between Hungary
, Romania
, and Serbia
. Its capital was Temeşvar (Romanian: Timişoara
).
The name of the province in Ottoman Turkish
was Eyâlet-i Temeşvar or Eyâlet-i Tımışvar (in Modern Turkish
: Temeşvar Eyaleti or Tamışvar Eyaleti), in Hungarian
was Temesvári vilajet, in Romanian
was Eialetul Timişoarei or Paşalâcul Timişoara, in Serbian
was Темишварски ејалет or Temišvarski ejalet. The province was named after its administrative seat, Temeşvar
. The Turkish name Temeşvar is given after the Hungarian one, Temesvár meaning "Castle on the Temes" (River).
The Eyalet of Temeşvar was formed in 1552, when the Hungarian castle of Temesvár defended by the troop of István Losonczy was captured by the Ottoman troops led by Kara Ahmed Pasha in July 26, 1552 and existed until 1716, when it was conquered by the Habsburg Monarchy
. The Eyalet was led by a vali (governor) or beylerbey
(sometimes with position of pasha or vizir), whose residence was at the former Hunyadi Castle in Temeşvar. In 1718, the Habsburgs formed a new province in this region, named the Banat of Temeswar
.
Eyalet
Eyalets were a former primary administrative division of the Ottoman Empire. The term is sometimes translated province or government. Depending on the rank of their commander, they are also sometimes known as pashaliks, beylerbeyliks, and kapudanliks.From 1453 to the beginning of the nineteenth...
) of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
located in the Banat
Banat
The Banat is a geographical and historical region in Central Europe currently divided between three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania , the western part in northeastern Serbia , and a small...
region of Central Europe
Central Europe
Central Europe or alternatively Middle Europe is a region of the European continent lying between the variously defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe...
. Besides Banat, the province also included area north of the Mureş River
Mures River
The Mureș is an approximately 761 km long river in Eastern Europe. It originates in the Hășmașu Mare Range in the Eastern Carpathian Mountains, Romania, and joins the Tisza river at Szeged in southeastern Hungary....
, part of the Crişana
Crisana
Crișana is a geographical and historical region divided today between Romania and Hungary, named after the Criș River and its three tributaries: the Crișul Alb, Crișul Negru and Crișul Repede....
region. Its territory is now divided between Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
, Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
, and Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
. Its capital was Temeşvar (Romanian: Timişoara
Timisoara
Timișoara is the capital city of Timiș County, in western Romania. One of the largest Romanian cities, with an estimated population of 311,586 inhabitants , and considered the informal capital city of the historical region of Banat, Timișoara is the main social, economic and cultural center in the...
).
The name of the province in Ottoman Turkish
Ottoman Turkish language
The Ottoman Turkish language or Ottoman language is the variety of the Turkish language that was used for administrative and literary purposes in the Ottoman Empire. It borrows extensively from Arabic and Persian, and was written in a variant of the Perso-Arabic script...
was Eyâlet-i Temeşvar or Eyâlet-i Tımışvar (in Modern Turkish
Turkish language
Turkish is a language spoken as a native language by over 83 million people worldwide, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Northern Cyprus with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo,...
: Temeşvar Eyaleti or Tamışvar Eyaleti), in Hungarian
Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Uralic language, part of the Ugric group. With some 14 million speakers, it is one of the most widely spoken non-Indo-European languages in Europe....
was Temesvári vilajet, in Romanian
Romanian language
Romanian Romanian Romanian (or Daco-Romanian; obsolete spellings Rumanian, Roumanian; self-designation: română, limba română ("the Romanian language") or românește (lit. "in Romanian") is a Romance language spoken by around 24 to 28 million people, primarily in Romania and Moldova...
was Eialetul Timişoarei or Paşalâcul Timişoara, in Serbian
Serbian language
Serbian is a form of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia and neighbouring countries....
was Темишварски ејалет or Temišvarski ejalet. The province was named after its administrative seat, Temeşvar
Timisoara
Timișoara is the capital city of Timiș County, in western Romania. One of the largest Romanian cities, with an estimated population of 311,586 inhabitants , and considered the informal capital city of the historical region of Banat, Timișoara is the main social, economic and cultural center in the...
. The Turkish name Temeşvar is given after the Hungarian one, Temesvár meaning "Castle on the Temes" (River).
The Eyalet of Temeşvar was formed in 1552, when the Hungarian castle of Temesvár defended by the troop of István Losonczy was captured by the Ottoman troops led by Kara Ahmed Pasha in July 26, 1552 and existed until 1716, when it was conquered by the Habsburg Monarchy
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...
. The Eyalet was led by a vali (governor) or beylerbey
Beylerbey
Beylerbey is the Ottoman and Safavid title used for the highest rank in the hierarchy of provincial administrators It is in western terms a Governor-general, with authority...
(sometimes with position of pasha or vizir), whose residence was at the former Hunyadi Castle in Temeşvar. In 1718, the Habsburgs formed a new province in this region, named the Banat of Temeswar
Banat of Temeswar
The Banat of Temeswar was a Habsburg province that existed between 1718 and 1778. It was located in the present day region of Banat, which was named after this province...
.
Administrative divisions
| Before the Treaty of Karlowitz Treaty of Karlowitz The Treaty of Karlowitz was signed on 26 January 1699 in Sremski Karlovci , concluding the Austro-Ottoman War of 1683–1697 in which the Ottoman side had been defeated at the Battle of Zenta... in 1699, the province was divided into following sanjaks:
Sanjaks of Küle, Yanova, Fenlak and northern parts of the Çanad and Lipva sanjaks were transferred to Habsburg Monarchy after signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz Treaty of Karlowitz The Treaty of Karlowitz was signed on 26 January 1699 in Sremski Karlovci , concluding the Austro-Ottoman War of 1683–1697 in which the Ottoman side had been defeated at the Battle of Zenta... . |
The eyalet consisted of five sanjaks between 1700 and 1701:
Note: Before the Treaty of Karlowitz Treaty of Karlowitz The Treaty of Karlowitz was signed on 26 January 1699 in Sremski Karlovci , concluding the Austro-Ottoman War of 1683–1697 in which the Ottoman side had been defeated at the Battle of Zenta... , Sanjak of Segedin was part of the Egir Eyalet. Most of this sanjak (including its administrative center, Segedin Szeged ' is the third largest city of Hungary, the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county town of Csongrád county. The University of Szeged is one of the most distinguished universities in Hungary.... ) was transferred to the Habsburg Monarchy Habsburg Monarchy The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague... in 1699. Small eastern part of the sanjak on the left bank of the river Tisa Tisá Tisá is a village and municipality in Ústí nad Labem District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 786 .... remained within Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries... . |
According to Sancak Tevcih Defteri, the eyalet consisted of six sanjaks between 1701 and 1702:
|
The eyalet consisted of three sanjaks between 1707 and 1713:
Timisoara Timișoara is the capital city of Timiș County, in western Romania. One of the largest Romanian cities, with an estimated population of 311,586 inhabitants , and considered the informal capital city of the historical region of Banat, Timișoara is the main social, economic and cultural center in the... (Paşa Sancağı, Timişoara) Sanjak of Syrmia Sanjak of Syrmia was an administrative unit of the Ottoman Empire formed in 1541. It was located in the Syrmia region and was part of the Budin Province. Administrative center of the Sanjak of Syrmia was Dimitrofça... (Syrmia) Sanjak of Smederevo The Sanjak of Smederevo , also known as the Pashaluk of Belgrade , was an Ottoman administrative unit , that existed between the 15th and the outset of the 19th centuries... (Smederevo) |
Beylerbeyleri (governors)
- Kazim-bey or Gazi Kasim-pasha (1552–1554)
- Hasan-pasha (1594)
- Sofi Sinan-pasha (1594)
- Hasan-pasha, the younger (1594)
- Ibrahim-pasha (1687)
- Ibrahim-pasha (1701-)
Further reading
- Dr. Dušan J. Popović, Srbi u Vojvodini, knjiga 1, Novi Sad, 1990.
- Milan Tutorov, Banatska rapsodija, Novi Sad, 2001.
