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The Pishon is one of four river
River

A river is a natural stream of water, usually freshwater, flowing toward an ocean, a lake, or another stream. In some cases a river flows into the ground or dries up completely before reaching another body of water....
s (along with the Tigris
Tigris

The Tigris is the eastern member of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, along with the Euphrates, which flows from the mountains of southeastern Turkey through Iraq....
, Euphrates
Euphrates

The Euphrates is the western of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia which flows from Anatolia....
, and Gihon
Gihon

Gihon is the name of a river first mentioned in the second chapter of the Bible book of Genesis. The Gihon is mentioned as one of four rivers issuing out of the Garden of Eden that branched from a single river within the garden....
) mentioned in the Biblical
Bible

The Bible is the central religious text of Judaism and Christianity. The exact Books of the Bible is dependent on the religious traditions of specific denominations....
 Genesis (2:11). In that passage, these rivers are described as arising within the Garden of Eden
Garden of Eden

The Garden of Eden is a location described in the Book of Genesis as being the place where the first man, Adam , and his wife, Eve , lived after they were created by God....
. The Pishon is described as encircling "the entire land of Havilah
Havilah

Havilah is the name of various lands and/or people mentioned in the Bible. The first mention is in Book of Genesis 2:11 in relation to the Garden of Eden: "The name of the first [river] is the Pishon; it is the one that winds through the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold." Havilah is known for its abundance....
".

Some scholars have questioned English translations that say the rivers sources were in Eden, and claim the Hebrew rendering would allow Eden to be a confluence point for four rivers originating elsewhere.

Together with the Tigris, the river Pishon is briefly mentioned in the book of Ecclesiasticus (24:25), but this reference throws no more light on the location of the river.






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The Pishon is one of four river
River

A river is a natural stream of water, usually freshwater, flowing toward an ocean, a lake, or another stream. In some cases a river flows into the ground or dries up completely before reaching another body of water....
s (along with the Tigris
Tigris

The Tigris is the eastern member of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, along with the Euphrates, which flows from the mountains of southeastern Turkey through Iraq....
, Euphrates
Euphrates

The Euphrates is the western of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia which flows from Anatolia....
, and Gihon
Gihon

Gihon is the name of a river first mentioned in the second chapter of the Bible book of Genesis. The Gihon is mentioned as one of four rivers issuing out of the Garden of Eden that branched from a single river within the garden....
) mentioned in the Biblical
Bible

The Bible is the central religious text of Judaism and Christianity. The exact Books of the Bible is dependent on the religious traditions of specific denominations....
 Genesis (2:11). In that passage, these rivers are described as arising within the Garden of Eden
Garden of Eden

The Garden of Eden is a location described in the Book of Genesis as being the place where the first man, Adam , and his wife, Eve , lived after they were created by God....
. The Pishon is described as encircling "the entire land of Havilah
Havilah

Havilah is the name of various lands and/or people mentioned in the Bible. The first mention is in Book of Genesis 2:11 in relation to the Garden of Eden: "The name of the first [river] is the Pishon; it is the one that winds through the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold." Havilah is known for its abundance....
".

Some scholars have questioned English translations that say the rivers sources were in Eden, and claim the Hebrew rendering would allow Eden to be a confluence point for four rivers originating elsewhere.

Together with the Tigris, the river Pishon is briefly mentioned in the book of Ecclesiasticus (24:25), but this reference throws no more light on the location of the river. "Calumet, A. D. 1672-1757, Rosebmuller, 1768-1835, Kell, 1807-1888, and some other scholars believed the source river [for Eden] was a region of springs. The Pishon and Gihon were mountain streams. The former may have been the Phasis or Araxes, and the latter the Oxus."

The Jewish-Roman historian Flavius Josephus, in the beginning of Antiquities of the Jews
Antiquities of the Jews

Antiquities of the Jews was a work published by the important Jewish historian Josephus about the year 93 or 94. Antiquities of the Jews is a Jewish history, written in Greek language for Josephus' gentile patrons....
 (1st century AD) identified the Pishon with the Ganges.

David Rohl
David Rohl

David M. Rohl is a United Kingdom Egyptology and historian who has put forth several controversial theories concerning the chronology of Ancient Egypt and History of ancient Israel and Judah....
 identified Pishon with the Uizhun
Sefid River

The Sefid River, also Sefid Rud , sometimes Sepid Rud, or Rud-e Safid, literally White River, is a river, approximately long, rising in northwestern Iran and flowing generally east to meet the Caspian Sea at Rasht....
 and placed Havilah to the northeast of Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia is the area of the Tigris-Euphrates river system, along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, largely corresponding to modern Iraq, as well as some parts of northeastern Syria, some parts of southeastern Turkey, and some parts of the Khuzestan Province of southwestern Iran....
. The Uizhun is known locally as the Golden River. Rising near Mt. Sahand
Sahand

Sahand is a massive, heavily eroded stratovolcano in northwestern Iran. At , it is the highest mountain in the Iranian province of East Azarbaijan....
, it meanders between ancient gold mines and lodes of lapis lazuli
Lapis lazuli

Lapis lazuli is a semi-precious stone prized since antiquity for its intense blue color.Lapis lazuli has been mined in the Badakhshan province of Afghanistan for 6,500 years, and trade in the stone is ancient enough for lapis jewelry to have been found at Predynastic Egyptian sites, and lapis beads at neolithic burials in Mehrgarh, the C...
 before feeding the Caspian Sea
Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the List of lakes by area or a full-fledged sea. It has a surface area of 371,000 square kilometers and a volume of 78,200 cubic kilometers ....
. Such natural resources correspond to the ones associated with the land of Havilah in the Genesis account (2:11).

See also

  • Gihon
    Gihon

    Gihon is the name of a river first mentioned in the second chapter of the Bible book of Genesis. The Gihon is mentioned as one of four rivers issuing out of the Garden of Eden that branched from a single river within the garden....
  • al-Qurnah
    Al-Qurnah

    Al-Qurnah is a small village in southern Iraq about 74 km northwest of Basra, within the town of Nahairat. Qurna is located at the point where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers join to form the Shatt al-Arab....