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Philipp Scheidemann (26 July 1865 Kassel
Kassel

Kassel is a city situated along the Fulda River in northern Hessen, Germany, one of the two sources of the Weser river . It is the administrative seat of the Kassel and of the Kassel of the same name....
 – 29 November 1939 Copenhagen
Copenhagen

Copenhagen is the capital and largest city of Denmark, with an urban area with a population of 1,153,615 . Copenhagen is situated on the Islands of Zealand and Amager....
) was a German
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
 Social Democratic
Social Democratic Party of Germany

The Social Democratic Party of Germany is Germany's oldest political party. After World War II, under the leadership of Kurt Schumacher, the SPD reestablished itself as an ideological party, representing the interests of the working class and the trade unions....
 politician, who proclaimed the Republic on 9 November 1918, and who became the second Chancellor
Chancellor of Germany (German Reich)

The head of government of the German Reich was called Reich Chancellor or short Chancellor from 1871 until 1945. This designation stems from the German chancellor tradition from the Middle Ages and the early modern era....
 of the Weimar Republic
Weimar Republic

The Weimar Republic was the democracy and republican period of Germany from 1919 to 1933. Following World War I, the republic emerged from the German Revolution in November 1918....
.

Beginning his career as a journalist, Scheidemann became a Reichstag
Reichstag (institution)

The Reichstag was the parliament of the Holy Roman Empire, the North German Confederation, and of Germany until 1945. The main chamber of the German parliament is now called Bundestag , but the building in which it meets is still called "Reichstag" ....
 delegate for the Social Democrats in 1903, and soon rose to be one of the principal leaders of the party. During the First World War
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
, Scheidemann, along with Friedrich Ebert
Friedrich Ebert

Friedrich Ebert was a German politician , who served as Chancellor of Germany of Germany and its first President of Germany during the Weimar Republic period....
 was leader of the majority faction of the party, which continued to vote for war credits, limiting his opposition to the war to urging the negotiation of a compromise peace.






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Philipp Scheidemann (26 July 1865 Kassel
Kassel

Kassel is a city situated along the Fulda River in northern Hessen, Germany, one of the two sources of the Weser river . It is the administrative seat of the Kassel and of the Kassel of the same name....
 – 29 November 1939 Copenhagen
Copenhagen

Copenhagen is the capital and largest city of Denmark, with an urban area with a population of 1,153,615 . Copenhagen is situated on the Islands of Zealand and Amager....
) was a German
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
 Social Democratic
Social Democratic Party of Germany

The Social Democratic Party of Germany is Germany's oldest political party. After World War II, under the leadership of Kurt Schumacher, the SPD reestablished itself as an ideological party, representing the interests of the working class and the trade unions....
 politician, who proclaimed the Republic on 9 November 1918, and who became the second Chancellor
Chancellor of Germany (German Reich)

The head of government of the German Reich was called Reich Chancellor or short Chancellor from 1871 until 1945. This designation stems from the German chancellor tradition from the Middle Ages and the early modern era....
 of the Weimar Republic
Weimar Republic

The Weimar Republic was the democracy and republican period of Germany from 1919 to 1933. Following World War I, the republic emerged from the German Revolution in November 1918....
.

Beginning his career as a journalist, Scheidemann became a Reichstag
Reichstag (institution)

The Reichstag was the parliament of the Holy Roman Empire, the North German Confederation, and of Germany until 1945. The main chamber of the German parliament is now called Bundestag , but the building in which it meets is still called "Reichstag" ....
 delegate for the Social Democrats in 1903, and soon rose to be one of the principal leaders of the party. During the First World War
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
, Scheidemann, along with Friedrich Ebert
Friedrich Ebert

Friedrich Ebert was a German politician , who served as Chancellor of Germany of Germany and its first President of Germany during the Weimar Republic period....
 was leader of the majority faction of the party, which continued to vote for war credits, limiting his opposition to the war to urging the negotiation of a compromise peace. When the Social Democrats were included in the cabinet for the first time in Prince Max of Baden's government in October 1918, Scheidemann entered the government as a minister without portfolio.

Following the Kaiser's abdication on November 9, Prince Max resigned in favour of Ebert. Although the new government intended to support a constitutional monarchy, probably in the person of one of the Kaiser's grandsons, Scheidemann, concerned in the face of a possible workers' revolution in Berlin
Berlin

Berlin is the Capital of Germany city and one of sixteen States of Germany of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million within its city limits, Berlin is the country's largest city....
, unilaterally proclaimed the Republic from a balcony in the Reichstag
Reichstag (building)

The Reichstag building in Berlin was constructed to house the Reichstag , the first parliament of the German Empire. It was opened in 1894 and housed the Reichstag until 1933, when it was severely damaged in a Reichstag fire supposedly set by Netherlands Communism Marinus van der Lubbe, who was later beheaded for the crime....
 building. The timing of this proclamation was probably due to the expectation of a similar proclamation of a "Workers' Republic" by the communists led by Karl Liebknecht, which indeed followed a couple hours later.

Scheidemann continued to serve as a leader in the Provisional Government
Provisional government

A provisional government is an emergency or interim government set up when a political void has been created by the collapse of a previous administration or regime....
 which followed for the next several months, and following the meeting of the National Assembly
Weimar National Assembly

The Weimar National Assembly governed Germany from February 6 1919 to June 6 1920 and drew up the Weimar Constitution which governed History of Germany, technically remaining in effect even until the end of Nazi Germany in 1945....
 in Weimar
Weimar

Weimar is a city in Germany. It is located in the States of Germany of Thuringia , north of the Th?ringer Wald, east of Erfurt, and southwest of Halle, Saxony-Anhalt and Leipzig....
 in February 1919, Ebert was appointed Reich President
Reichspräsident

The Reichspr?sident was the Germany head of state during the period of the 1919-1934 Weimar Republic and the title was later briefly revived in 1945....
, and Scheidemann became Chancellor
Chancellor of Germany (German Reich)

The head of government of the German Reich was called Reich Chancellor or short Chancellor from 1871 until 1945. This designation stems from the German chancellor tradition from the Middle Ages and the early modern era....
, in the Weimar Coalition
Weimar Coalition

The Weimar Coalition is the name given to the coalition government of the Social Democratic Party of Germany , the German Democratic Party , and the Centre Party , who together had a large majority of the delegates to the Weimar National Assembly which met at Weimar in 1919, and were the principal groups which designed the...
 with the German Democratic Party
German Democratic Party

The German Democratic Party, or Deutsche Demokratische Partei , was founded by leaders of the former Progressive People's Party and the left wing of the National Liberal Party in the early days of the Weimar Republic....
 and the Catholic Center Party. Scheidemann resigned in June along with the DDP owing to disagreement with the Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaty at the end of World War I. It ended the declaration of war between German Empire and Allies of World War I....
, and never again served in the government, although he remained active in politics, serving as Mayor of Kassel
Kassel

Kassel is a city situated along the Fulda River in northern Hessen, Germany, one of the two sources of the Weser river . It is the administrative seat of the Kassel and of the Kassel of the same name....
 (1920-1925), and then again as a Reichstag
Reichstag (institution)

The Reichstag was the parliament of the Holy Roman Empire, the North German Confederation, and of Germany until 1945. The main chamber of the German parliament is now called Bundestag , but the building in which it meets is still called "Reichstag" ....
 delegate, where he exposed military opposition to the Republic. Scheidemann went into exile following the Nazi
Nazism

Nazism, officially National Socialism , refers to the ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Workers? Party under Adolf Hitler, and the policies adopted by the dictatorial government of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945....
 takeover in 1933, and died in Denmark shortly after the outbreak of the Second World War.

Cabinet February 1919 - June 1919

  • Philipp Scheidemann (SPD) - Reichs Chancellor
  • Dr. Eugen Schiffer
    Eugen Schiffer

    Eugen Schiffer , was the Germany Federal Minister of Finance in 1919. From 1919 to 1920 and again in 1921 he served as Federal Ministry of Justice ....
     (DDP
    German Democratic Party

    The German Democratic Party, or Deutsche Demokratische Partei , was founded by leaders of the former Progressive People's Party and the left wing of the National Liberal Party in the early days of the Weimar Republic....
    ) - Vice Chancellor and Finance Minister
  • Dr. Ulrich Graf von Brockdorff-Rantzau
    Ulrich Graf von Brockdorff-Rantzau

    Ulrich Graf von Brockdorff-Rantzau was a Germany diplomat, the first Foreign Minister of Germany of the Weimar Republic and German Ambassador to the USSR for most of the twenties....
     - Foreign Minister
  • Dr. Hugo Preuß
    Hugo Preuss

    Hugo Preu? was a Germany lawyer and liberal politician.Preu? is often regarded as the father of the German constitution of the Weimar Republic ....
     (DDP) - Interior Minister
  • Dr. Otto Landsberg
    Otto Landsberg

    Otto Landsberg was a Germany jurist and politician....
     (SPD) - Justice Minister
  • Rudolf Wissell (SPD) - Economics Minister
  • Robert Schmidt
    Robert Schmidt

    Robert Schmidt was a Germany politician and member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany.Schmidt, born in Berlin, learned the profession of piano manufacturer....
     (SPD) - Food Minister
  • Gustav Bauer
    Gustav Bauer

    was a Germany Social Democratic Party of Germany leader and Chancellor of Germany from 1919 to 1920.Born in Darkehmen near K?nigsberg in East Prussia, Bauer, who rose to notice through his leadership of a white-collar trade union, served from 1908 to 1918 as chairman of the General Commission of Trade Unions for all of Germany....
     (SPD) - Labour Minister
  • Gustav Noske
    Gustav Noske

    File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-14240, Gustav Noske.jpgGustav Noske was a Germany Administration . He served as the Defense Minister of Germany between 1919 and 1920....
     (SPD) - Defence Minister
  • Dr. Johannes Bell (Z
    Centre Party (Germany)

    The German Centre Party was a Catholic political party in Germany during the German Empire and the Weimar Republic. The party dissolved itself on 5 July, 1933 as a condition of the conclusion of Reichskonkordat between the Holy See and Germany....
    ) - Transportation Minister and Colonial Minister
  • Johannes Giesberts (Z) - Postal Minister
  • Dr. Eduard David
    Eduard David

    Eduard Heinrich Rudolph David was a Germany politician. During the Weimar Republic he was the Minister of the Interior from June 21, 1919 to October 3, 1919....
     (SPD) - Minister without Portfolio
    Minister without Portfolio

    A Minister without Portfolio is either a government minister with no specific responsibilities or a minister that does not head a particular ministry ....
  • Matthias Erzberger
    Matthias Erzberger

    Matthias Erzberger was a Germany political figure. Prominent in the Centre Party , he spoke out against the First World War and eventually signed the Armistice for the German Empire....
     (Z) - Minister without Portfolio
    Minister without Portfolio

    A Minister without Portfolio is either a government minister with no specific responsibilities or a minister that does not head a particular ministry ....


Changes
  • March 1919 - Dr. Georg Gothein (DDP) enters the cabinet as Treasury Minister.
  • April 1919 - Dr. Bernhard Dernburg (DDP) succeeds Schiffer as Vice-Chancellor and Finance Minister.

External links

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  • (German)
  • (German)