Percoidei
Encyclopedia
Percoidei is one of eighteen suborders of bony fish in the order Perciformes
. Many commercially harvested fish species are contained in this suborder, including the snapper
s, jacks
, whitings, grouper
s, bass
, perches and porgies.
Perciformes
The Perciformes, also called the Percomorphi or Acanthopteri, is one of the largest orders of vertebrates, containing about 40% of all bony fish. Perciformes means perch-like. They belong to the class of ray-finned fish and comprise over 7,000 species found in almost all aquatic environments...
. Many commercially harvested fish species are contained in this suborder, including the snapper
Lutjanidae
Snappers are a family of perciform fish, mainly marine but with some members inhabiting estuaries, feeding in freshwater. Some are important food fish. One of the best known is the red snapper....
s, jacks
Carangidae
Carangidae is a family of fish which includes the jacks, pompanos, jack mackerels, and scads.They are marine fish found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans...
, whitings, grouper
Grouper
Groupers are fish of any of a number of genera in the subfamily Epinephelinae of the family Serranidae, in the order Perciformes.Not all serranids are called groupers; the family also includes the sea basses. The common name grouper is usually given to fish in one of two large genera: Epinephelus...
s, bass
Bass (fish)
Bass is a name shared by many different species of popular gamefish. The term encompasses both freshwater and marine species. All belong to the large order Perciformes, or perch-like fishes, and in fact the word bass comes from Middle English bars, meaning "perch."-Types of basses:*The temperate...
, perches and porgies.
Divisions
The Percoidei is further divided into three superfamilies which contain over fifty families and hundreds of genera.- Suborder Percoidei
- Superfamily PercoideaPercoideaPercoidea is a superfamily of fish of the order Perciformes....
- AcropomatidaeAcropomatidaeAcropomatidae, also known as the lanternbellies or the temperate ocean-basses, is a family of perciform fish consisting of 33 marine species. Members of Acropoma are notable for having light-emitting organs alongside their undersides...
(temperate ocean-basses) - AmbassidaeAmbassidaeThe Asiatic glassfishes are a family, Ambassidae, of freshwater and marine fishes in the order Perciformes. The species in the family are native to the waters of Asia and Oceania and the Indian and western Pacific Oceans. The family includes eight genera and about fifty species.The family was...
(Asiatic glassfishes) - ApogonidaeApogonidaeCardinalfishes are a family, Apogonidae, of ray-finned fishes. They are found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans, they are chiefly marine, but some species are found in brackish water...
(cardinalfishes) - Arripidae (Australasian salmon)
- Banjosidae
- Bathyclupeidae
- Bramidae (pomfrets)
- Callanthiidae
- CarangidaeCarangidaeCarangidae is a family of fish which includes the jacks, pompanos, jack mackerels, and scads.They are marine fish found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans...
(jackCarangidaeCarangidae is a family of fish which includes the jacks, pompanos, jack mackerels, and scads.They are marine fish found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans...
s, pompanoPompanoPompanos are marine fishes in the Trachinotus genus of the Carangidae family . Pompano may also refer to various other, similarly shaped members of Carangidae, or the order Perciformes. Their appearance is deep bodied and mackerel-like, typically silver and toothless with a forked tail and...
s) - Caristiidae (manefishManefishManefishes are perciform fishes in the family Caristiidae. They are deep-sea marine fishes that eat siphonophores.-Genera and species:* Genus Caristius** Caristius groenlandicus Jensen, 1941.** Caristius japonicus Gill & Smith, 1905....
es) - CentracanthidaeCentracanthidaeCentracanthidae is a small family of fishes in the order Perciformes, known as picarels. They are found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean. The anal fin has three sharp spines, hence the name, from Greek kentron meaning "sharp point" and akantha meaning "thorn"...
- CentrarchidaeCentrarchidaeThe sunfishes are a family of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the order Perciformes. The type genus is Centrarchus . The family's 27 species includes many fishes familiar to North Americans, including the rock bass, largemouth bass, bluegill, pumpkinseed, and crappies...
(freshwater sunfishes) - CentropomidaeCentropomidaeThe Centropomidae are a single genus family of freshwater and marine fishes in Order Perciformes, including the common snook or róbalo, Centropomus undecimalis...
(snookSnookSnook or Snoek may refer to:* Fish in the family** Centropomidae especially the common snook.** Gempylidae ** Percidae ** Scombridae , subfamily: Scombrinae** Sphyraenidae...
s) - Chaetodontidae (butterflyfishButterflyfishThe butterflyfish are a group of conspicuous tropical marine fish of the family Chaetodontidae; the bannerfish and coralfish are also included in this group. Found mostly on the reefs of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans, there are approximately 120 species in 10 genera...
es) - CoryphaenidaeCoryphaenidaeThe Coryphaenidae are a family of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the Order Perciformes. The family contains only one genus, Coryphaena, which contains two species, both of which have compressed heads and single dorsal fins that run the entire length of the fish's bodies...
(dolphinfishes) - Datnioididae
- Dichistiidae (galjoen fishes)
- Dinolestidae (long-finned pikeLong-finned pikeThe long-finned pike or yellowfin pike, Dinolestes lewini, is a species of perciform fish, the only species in the genus Dinolestes as well as the familia family Dinolestidae....
) - DinopercidaeDinopercidaeDinopercidae, also known as the cavebasses, is a family of marine perciform fish consisting of a single species, Dinoperca petersi, which is native to the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Angola....
- DrepaneidaeDrepaneidaeThe sicklefishes are perciform fishes of the genus Drepane, the only genus in the family Drepaneidae. They are found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans, and in the eastern Atlantic near Africa...
- Echeneidae (remoraRemoraThe remora , sometimes called a suckerfish or sharksucker, is an elongated, brown fish in the order Perciformes and family Echeneidae...
s) - EmmelichthyidaeEmmelichthyidaeRovers are a family of small to medium sized marine fish. The family was once much larger, including a wide range of plankton-eating fish, but most of the genera were discovered to be unrelated examples of parallel evolution, and were moved to other families....
(rovers) - Enoplosidae (oldwifeOldwifeEnoplosus armatus is a species of perciform fish, the only species in the family Enoplosidae.It is native to reefs in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans, and to the coastal waters of Australia....
) - Epigonidae (deepwater cardinalfishDeepwater cardinalfishDeepwater cardinalfishes are perciform fishes in the family Epigonidae.They are small fishes: the largest species, Epigonus telescopes, reaches 75 cm in length, and most species grow to no more than 20 cm or so....
es) - Gerreidae (mojarraMojarraThe mojarras are a family, Gerreidae, of fishes in the order Perciformes. It has seven genera.Mojarras are a common prey and bait fish in many parts of the Caribbean including the South American Coast and Caribbean islands. These species tend to be difficult to identify in the field and often...
s) - Glaucosomatidae (pearl perches)
- Grammatidae (bassletBassletThe basslets are a small family, Grammatidae, of fishes in the order Perciformes. The twelve members are all small fish of the western Atlantic, typically no more than 10 cm in length. Several species are colorful and popular for marine aquaria...
s) - HaemulidaeHaemulidaeThe grunts are a family, Haemulidae, of fishes in the order Perciformes. They are numerous and widespread, with about 150 species in 19 genera, found in tropical fresh, brackish and salt waters around the world...
(grunts) - HowellidaeHowellidaeThe oceanic basslets are a small family of perciform fishes containing three genera and eight species of mostly deep-water, bottom-dwelling fishes:* Genus Bathysphyraenops** Bathysphyraenops declivifrons Fedoryako, 1976...
(oceanic basslets) - Inermiidae (bonnetmouthBonnetmouthThe Bonnetmouths are a very small family of fishes in the order Perciformes with only two known species in two genera, the bonnetmouth and the boga.-Species:* Genus Emmelichthyops...
s) - Kuhliidae (flagtailFlagtailThe flagtails are a family of perciform fish of the Indo-Pacific area. The family consists of several species in one genus, Kuhlia, of which, one, , is freshwater...
s or aholeholes) - Kyphosidae (sea chubSea chubThe sea chubs are a family, Kyphosidae, of fishes in the order Perciformes.-Subfamilies:* Girellinae - nibblers* Kyphosinae* Microcanthinae Johnson, 1984 * Scorpidinae...
s) - Lactariidae (false trevalliesFalse trevallyThis species of fish is of the genus Lactarius in the family Lactariidae. It is also known as the milky travelly, and it is found in pelagic-neritic, brackish, and marine waters.-Distribution:...
) - Lateolabracidae
- Leiognathidae (ponyfishPonyfishThe ponyfishes also known as slipmouths or slimys are a small family, Leiognathidae, of fishes in the order Perciformes. They inhabit marine and brackish waters in the Indian Ocean and West Pacific....
es) - Leptobramidae (beachsalmonBeachsalmonThe beachsalmon is a species of perciform, primarily coastal marine or brackish fish and the sole representative of its family, Leptobramidae. Found in tropical coastal waters of the Western Pacific off southern New Guinea, Queensland, and Western Australia...
) - LethrinidaeLethrinidaeThe emperor breams or simply emperors also known as pigface breams are a family, Lethrinidae, of fishes in the order Perciformes....
- Lobotidae (tripletailTripletailTripletails are perciform fishes in the genus Lobotes, the only genus in the family Lobotidae.-Species:* Pacific tripletail, Lobotes pacificus Gilbert, 1898.* Atlantic tripletail, Lobotes surinamensis ....
s) - LutjanidaeLutjanidaeSnappers are a family of perciform fish, mainly marine but with some members inhabiting estuaries, feeding in freshwater. Some are important food fish. One of the best known is the red snapper....
(snappers, fusilierFusilierFusilier was originally the name of a soldier armed with a light flintlock musket called the fusil. The word was first used around 1680, and has later developed into a regimental designation.-History:...
s) - Malacanthidae (TilefishTilefishTilefishes, also known as blanquillo, are mostly small perciform marine fish comprising the family Malacanthidae.They are usually found in sandy areas, especially near coral reefs....
es) - Menidae (moonfishMoonfishMoonfish may refer to:* Several groups of fishes:** Family Monodactylidae .** Genus Mene** Genus Selene** Atlantic spadefish...
) - MonodactylidaeMonodactylidaeThe Monodactylidae is a family of fish within the Perciformes commonly referred to as monos, moonyfishes or fingerfishes. All are strongly laterally compressed with an approximately disc-shaped body and tall anal and dorsal fins. Unusually for fish, there are scales on the dorsal fin and sometimes...
(moonyfishes) - MoronidaeMoronidaeTemperate Bass is in the Family PercichthyidaeHow to know the freshwater fishes Samuel Eddy, James C. Underhill.Moronidae, also known as the "temperate basses", is a family of perciform fish consisting of 6 freshwater and marine species...
(temperate basses) - Mullidae (goatfishGoatfishGoatfishes are tropical marine perciform fish of the family Mullidae. Seldom found in brackish waters, goatfish are most associated with the reefs of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans...
es) - NandidaeNandidaeAsian leaffishes are small freshwater fishes of the Nandidae family, from Southern Asia. There are only four genera in this group.These fish usually have small heads, coloration that appears to have evolved to resemble leaves and very large protractile mouths...
(leaffishes) - Nematistiidae (roosterfishRoosterfishThe roosterfish, Nematistius pectoralis, is a game fish common in the marine waters surrounding Mexico, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama, and in the eastern Pacific Ocean from Baja California to Peru. It is the only fish in the genus Nematistius and the family Nematistiidae...
) - Nemipteridae (threadfin breamThreadfin breamThe threadfin breams are a family, Nemipteridae, of fishes in the order Perciformes. They are also known as whiptail breams and false snappers.They are found in tropical waters of the Indian and western Pacific Oceans...
s) - Notograptidae
- OpistognathidaeOpistognathidaeOpistognathidae , commonly referred to as jawfishes, are classified within Order Perciformes, Suborder Percoidei. They are found throughout shallow reef areas of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and the Gulf of Mexico.Physically similar to blennies, jawfish are generally smaller-sized fish with an...
(jawfishes) - OplegnathidaeOplegnathidaeOplegnathidae is a family of marine fish within the Perciformes commonly known as knifejaws; some species are known as beakfish. It contains a single genus, Oplegnathus. The largest, the Cape knifejaw, can reach a maximum length of about 90 cm . Knifejaws have teeth fused into a parrotlike beak...
(knifejaws) - Ostracoberycidae
- Pempheridae (sweeperSweeperSweepers are small, tropical marine perciform fish of the family Pempheridae. Found in the western Atlantic Ocean and Indo-Pacific region, the family contains approximately 26 species in two genera. One species is the target of subsistence fisheries in Japan, where the fish is much enjoyed for...
s) - Pentacerotidae (armorheadArmorheadThe Armorheads are a small family, Pentacerotidae, of fishes in the order Perciformes. They are native to the Indian Ocean, western and central Pacific, and southwestern Atlantic...
s) - Percichthyidae (Temperate perchTemperate perchThe members of Percichthyidae family are known as the temperate perches. They belong to the Order Perciformes or perch-like fishes.The name Percichthyidae derives from the Ancient Greek words Perca for 'perch' and ichthyos for 'fish' and translated basically means perch-like...
es) - PercidaePercidaeThe Percidae are a family of perciform fish found in fresh and brackish waters of the Northern Hemisphere. The family contains about 200 species in ten genera...
(perchPerchPerch is a common name for fish of the genus Perca, freshwater gamefish belonging to the family Percidae. The perch, of which there are three species in different geographical areas, lend their name to a large order of vertebrates: the Perciformes, from the Greek perke meaning spotted, and the...
es and darterDarterThe darters or snakebirds are mainly tropical waterbirds in the family Anhingidae. There are four living species, three of which are very common and widespread while the fourth is rarer and classified as near-threatened by the IUCN. The term "snakebird" is usually used without any additions to...
s) - Plesiopidae
- PolycentridaePolycentridaeLeaffishes are small freshwater fishes of the Polycentridae family, from South America.They usually have large heads, cryptic colors and very large protractile mouths...
- Polynemidae (threadfinThreadfinThreadfins are silvery grey perciform marine fish of the family Polynemidae. Found in tropical to subtropical waters throughout the world, the threadfin family contains nine genera and 33 species...
s) - Polyprionidae (wreckfishWreckfishThe wreckfish are a family, Polyprionide, of perciform fishes.They are deep-water marine fishes and can be found on the ocean bottom, where they inhabit caves and shipwrecks . Their scientific name is from Greek poly meaning "many" and prion meaning "saw", a references to their prominent spiny fins...
es) - Pomacanthidae (angelfishMarine angelfishMarine angelfish are perciform fish of the family Pomacanthidae. They are found on shallow reefs in the tropical Atlantic, Indian, and mostly western Pacific oceans. The family contains seven genera and approximately 86 species...
es) - Pomatomidae (bluefishBluefishThe bluefish , called tailor in Australia, is a species of popular marine gamefish found in all climates. It is the sole species of the Pomatomidae family....
es) - PriacanthidaePriacanthidaePriacanthidae is a family of fish, common name bigeye, comprising 18 species of marine fishes. "Catalufa" is an alternate common name for some members of the priacanthidae family. The etymology of the scientific name refers to the family's very rough, spined scales...
(bigeyes, catalufaCatalufaCatalufa is the common name for three species of fish belonging to the Priacanthidae family:*Heteropriacanthus cruentatus*Priacanthus arenatus*Pristigenys serrula - the popeye catalufa...
s) - Pseudochromidae (dottybackDottybackThe dottybacks are a family, Pseudochromidae, of fishes in the order Perciformes. Around 100 species belong to this family.They are found in the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific, where they inhabit coral reefs. They are brightly coloured fish, often showing striking sexual dimorphism. They are...
s) - Rachycentridae (cobiaCobiaCobia —also known as black kingfish, black salmon, ling, lemonfish, crabeaters, aruan tasek, etc.—are perciform marine fish, the sole representative of their family, the Rachycentridae.-Description:...
) - SciaenidaeSciaenidaeSciaenidae is a family of fish commonly called drums, croakers, or hardheads for the repetitive throbbing or drumming sounds they make...
(drums) - Scombropidae (gnomefishGnomefishThe gnomefishes are a small family Scombropidae of marine fish, consisting of three species in the genus Scombrops.They have two dorsal fins and are notable for scales covering the soft parts of the dorsal and anal fins. The eyes are large....
) - SerranidaeSerranidaeSerranidae is a large family of fishes, belonging to the order Perciformes. The family contains about 450 species of serranids in 64 genera, including the sea basses and the groupers...
(sea bassesBass (fish)Bass is a name shared by many different species of popular gamefish. The term encompasses both freshwater and marine species. All belong to the large order Perciformes, or perch-like fishes, and in fact the word bass comes from Middle English bars, meaning "perch."-Types of basses:*The temperate...
, grouperGrouperGroupers are fish of any of a number of genera in the subfamily Epinephelinae of the family Serranidae, in the order Perciformes.Not all serranids are called groupers; the family also includes the sea basses. The common name grouper is usually given to fish in one of two large genera: Epinephelus...
s) - SillaginidaeSillaginidaeThe Sillaginidae, commonly known as the smelt-whitings, whitings, sillaginids, sand borers and sand-smelts, are a family of benthic coastal marine fishes in the order Perciformes. The smelt-whitings inhabit a wide region covering much of the Indo-Pacific, from the west coast of Africa east to Japan...
(whitings et al.) - SparidaeSparidaeThe Sparidae is a family of fish, included in the order Perciformes. The fish of the family are commonly called sea breams and porgies . The sheepshead, scup, and red sea bream are species in this family. They are found in shallow temperate and tropical waters and are bottom-dwelling carnivores....
(porgies) - TerapontidaeTerapontidaeGrunters or tigerperches are fishes in the family Terapontidae . They are found in shallow coastal waters in the Indian Ocean and western Pacific, where they live in saltwater, brackish and freshwater habitats...
(grunters or tigerperches) - Toxotidae (archerfishArcherfishThe archerfish are a family of fish known for their habit of preying on land based insects and other small animals by literally shooting them down with water droplets from their specialized mouths...
es)
- Acropomatidae
- Superfamily Cirrhitoidea
- AplodactylidaeAplodactylidaeMarblefishes are a family, Aplodactylidae, of perciform fishes. They are native to southern Australia, New Zealand, Peru and Chile.-Species:There are six species in two genera:* Genus Aplodactylus** Aplodactylus arctidens Richardson, 1839....
(marblefishes) - Cheilodactylidae (morwongMorwongMorwongs are perciform fishes comprising the family Cheilodactylidae. Most of the almost 30 species are found in temperate and subtropical oceans in the Southern Hemisphere, but three are restricted to northwest Pacific off Japan and China, and C. vittatus is restricted to Hawaii...
s) - Chironemidae (kelpfishKelpfishThe kelpfishes are a family of perciform fishes, native to coastal Australia and New Zealand.The name of the family, "Chironemidae", is from Greek cheir meaning "hands" and nema meaning "thread".There are six species in two genera:...
es) - Cirrhitidae (hawkfishHawkfishHawkfish are strictly tropical, perciform marine fish of the family Cirrhitidae. Associated with the coral reefs of the western and eastern Atlantic and Indo-Pacific, the hawkfish family contains 12 genera and 32 species. They share many morphological features with the scorpionfish of the family...
es) - LatridaeLatridaeTrumpeters are a family of perciform fishes, Latridae. They are found in southern waters off Australia, New Zealand, and Chile, where they are fished commercially and for sport...
(trumpeters)
- Aplodactylidae
- Superfamily Cepoloidea
- Cepolidae (bandfishBandfishBandfishes are a family, Cepolidae, of perciform fishes. They are native to the Atlantic seaboard of Europe and the West Pacific, including New Zealand. They dig burrows in sandy or muddy seabed and eat zooplankton....
es)
- Cepolidae (bandfish
- Superfamily Percoidea