Montie Ritchie
Encyclopedia
Montgomery Harrison Wadsworth Ritchie (December 2, 1910 – July 19, 1999), known as Montie Ritchie, was a dual British subject
and American
citizen who became a leading cattle
rancher and business
man in the Texas Panhandle
during the 20th century. From 1935-1993, he was the manager of his family-owned JA Ranch
southeast of Amarillo
. The JA has been strictly a cattle operation, with no oil
or natural gas
found on its acreage.
wife. He was a grandson of Cornelia Wadsworth Ritchie Adair
, widow
of John George Adair
, who solely owned the JA Ranch from 1887 until her death in 1921. His paternal grandfather, Montgomery Harrison Ritchie (1826–1864), Cornelia Adair’s first husband, died of illness contracted in the American Civil War
. He was the great-grandson of Union
general James Samuel Wadsworth, Sr.
, of New York
, who was mortally wounded in the Battle of the Wilderness
in Virginia
.
Montie Ritchie’s father, Jack Ritchie, was born in Geneseo
a village in Livingston County
in western New York State. He was educated and reared in England, became an international sportsman, and worked at the JA Ranch for a time. He once told his son "Montie" that his JA experiences were the happiest times of his life and urged Montie to consider management of the ranch. Jack purchased JA horses and sold them to the New York Police Department. He enlisted in the British Army during the Boer War
, where his knowledge of living on the Texas prairie
s proved helpful in organizing the movements of men and horse
s across the South Africa
n veldt.
Montie Ritchie was born in the English village
of Ashwell. He graduated form Cambridge University in 1931. When Ritchie first came to the JA, he was given the most difficult jobs and the toughest bronco
s to ride. He persevered and obtained proxies from his sister, Gabrielle M. Ritchie Keiller, and younger brother to become the new JA manager.
His younger brother, Richard Morgan Wadsworth Ritchie (1912–1940), known as “Dick Ritchie”, was like their father an international sportsman and also an actor
. “Dick” died at the age of twenty-eight from inhaling carbon monoxide
which leaked from a faulty heater on his yacht
, from which he was fishing
off Corpus Christi
.
and the drought
of the 1930s. His grandmother's estate placed a large debt load on the ranch. Timothy Dwight Hobart
, the outgoing ranch manager, co-executor of Cornelia Adair’s estate, and mayor
of Pampa
had recommended selling the JA, but Ritchie weathered through, got the JA out of debt, bought out his sister and brother, and set a model for stewardship of the land. By 1945, the JA's operations were confined to 335000 acres (1,355.7 km²) in Armstrong
(Claude
), Briscoe, Donley
(Clarendon
), and Hall counties (Memphis
). At its peak, the ranch had surpassed 1300000 acres (5,260.9 km²). Montie Ritchie sold off parts of the original ranch and purchased another ranch near Larkspur
in Douglas County
, Colorado
, between Colorado Springs and Denver. Shortly before Ritchie’s death, the JA donated the last remaining wild herd of buffalo
in the area to the State of Texas.
began, Ritchie held dual citizenship. He declared himself an American and joined the United States Naval Reserve as an aviator
and held the rank of lieutenant commander
. He piloted his own aircraft well into his seventies.He owned several aircraft, including Beechcraft King-Airs.
State Senator Teel Bivins
of Amarillo, whose family also had ranching interests in the Panhandle. Ninia and Teel Bivins have a son, Andrew M. Bivins, who in 2005 joined the management team of the JA as the fifth-generation owner. Ritchie subsequently married the former Hildegard “Hildy” Neill (1917–1992) of Colorado.
Cornelia Ritchie was inducted in 2009 into the National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame
in Fort Worth
, Texas.
within the Canadian Arctic, where there is darkness for much of the year.
Ritchie began collecting French
impressionist and post-impressionist paintings in the 1940s. From 1990 until his death, Ritchie was a lifetime member of the Dixon Gallery and Gardens
in Memphis, Tennessee
, where much of his collection of impressionist art was on loan. In 1992, he donated three fourths of his collection to the Dixon Gallery. The collection includes works by Monet, Renoir
, Sisley
, Cezanne, Gauguin, Seurat, Redon
, Bonnard
and Vuillard.
The American Quarter Horse Association
in Amarillo honored Ritchie in 1997 with one of its first Legacy Awards, which acknowledges those breeders who have provided a foundation for the quarter horse
. JA Ranch has bred quarter horses since the 1930s; its current stock traces its pedigrees to those first horses. Ritchie was also known for his dedication to preserving ranching history. In 1972 and again in 1988, he made donations to the National Ranching Heritage Center
at Texas Tech University
in Lubbock
.
. At the burial service, one of Ritchie’s relatives from a Democratic
background, W. Stuart Symington, a grandson of former U.S. Senator Stuart Symington
of Missouri
, called him a "Tory."
British subject
In British nationality law, the term British subject has at different times had different meanings. The current definition of the term British subject is contained in the British Nationality Act 1981.- Prior to 1949 :...
and American
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
citizen who became a leading cattle
Cattle
Cattle are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae, are the most widespread species of the genus Bos, and are most commonly classified collectively as Bos primigenius...
rancher and business
Business
A business is an organization engaged in the trade of goods, services, or both to consumers. Businesses are predominant in capitalist economies, where most of them are privately owned and administered to earn profit to increase the wealth of their owners. Businesses may also be not-for-profit...
man in the Texas Panhandle
Texas Panhandle
The Texas Panhandle is a region of the U.S. state of Texas consisting of the northernmost 26 counties in the state. The panhandle is a rectangular area bordered by New Mexico to the west and Oklahoma to the north and east...
during the 20th century. From 1935-1993, he was the manager of his family-owned JA Ranch
JA Ranch
The JA Ranch, jointly founded by John George Adair and Charles Goodnight, is the oldest privately owned cattle ranch in the Palo Duro Canyon section of the Texas Panhandle southeast of Amarillo. At its peak size in 1883, the JA, still run by descendants of the Adair family, encompassed some of...
southeast of Amarillo
Amarillo, Texas
Amarillo is the 14th-largest city, by population, in the state of Texas, the largest in the Texas Panhandle, and the seat of Potter County. A portion of the city extends into Randall County. The population was 190,695 at the 2010 census...
. The JA has been strictly a cattle operation, with no oil
Oil
An oil is any substance that is liquid at ambient temperatures and does not mix with water but may mix with other oils and organic solvents. This general definition includes vegetable oils, volatile essential oils, petrochemical oils, and synthetic oils....
or natural gas
Natural gas
Natural gas is a naturally occurring gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, typically with 0–20% higher hydrocarbons . It is found associated with other hydrocarbon fuel, in coal beds, as methane clathrates, and is an important fuel source and a major feedstock for fertilizers.Most natural...
found on its acreage.
Family ties and early years
Ritchie was the older of two sons and a daughter born to Montgomery Harrison “Jack” Ritchie (1861–1924) and Ritchie’s EnglishEngland
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
wife. He was a grandson of Cornelia Wadsworth Ritchie Adair
Cornelia Adair
Cornelia Wadsworth Ritchie Adair was the matriarch of Glenveagh Castle in County Donegal, Ireland, now an Irish national park, and the large JA Ranch southeast of Amarillo in the Texas Panhandle, a still active cattle ranch...
, widow
Widow
A widow is a woman whose spouse has died, while a widower is a man whose spouse has died. The state of having lost one's spouse to death is termed widowhood or occasionally viduity. The adjective form is widowed...
of John George Adair
John George Adair
John George Adair , sometimes known as Jack Adair, was a Scotch-Irish American businessman and landowner who provided the seed capital for the large JA Ranch in the Palo Duro Canyon of the Texas Panhandle, a region of Texas...
, who solely owned the JA Ranch from 1887 until her death in 1921. His paternal grandfather, Montgomery Harrison Ritchie (1826–1864), Cornelia Adair’s first husband, died of illness contracted in the American Civil War
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...
. He was the great-grandson of Union
Union (American Civil War)
During the American Civil War, the Union was a name used to refer to the federal government of the United States, which was supported by the twenty free states and five border slave states. It was opposed by 11 southern slave states that had declared a secession to join together to form the...
general James Samuel Wadsworth, Sr.
James S. Wadsworth
James Samuel Wadsworth was a philanthropist, politician, and a Union general in the American Civil War. He was killed in battle during the Battle of the Wilderness of 1864.-Early years:...
, of New York
New York
New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...
, who was mortally wounded in the Battle of the Wilderness
Battle of the Wilderness
The Battle of the Wilderness, fought May 5–7, 1864, was the first battle of Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's 1864 Virginia Overland Campaign against Gen. Robert E. Lee and the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia. Both armies suffered heavy casualties, a harbinger of a bloody war of attrition by...
in Virginia
Virginia
The Commonwealth of Virginia , is a U.S. state on the Atlantic Coast of the Southern United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" and sometimes the "Mother of Presidents" after the eight U.S. presidents born there...
.
Montie Ritchie’s father, Jack Ritchie, was born in Geneseo
Geneseo, New York
Geneseo is the name of a town and its village in Livingston County in the Finger Lakes region of New York, USA, outside of Rochester, New York. The town's population is approximately 9,600, of which about 7,600 live in the village...
a village in Livingston County
Livingston County, New York
As of the census of 2000, there were 64,328 people, 22,150 households, and 15,349 families residing in the county. The population density was 102 people per square mile . There were 24,023 housing units at an average density of 38 per square mile...
in western New York State. He was educated and reared in England, became an international sportsman, and worked at the JA Ranch for a time. He once told his son "Montie" that his JA experiences were the happiest times of his life and urged Montie to consider management of the ranch. Jack purchased JA horses and sold them to the New York Police Department. He enlisted in the British Army during the Boer War
Boer War
The Boer Wars were two wars fought between the British Empire and the two independent Boer republics, the Oranje Vrijstaat and the Republiek van Transvaal ....
, where his knowledge of living on the Texas prairie
Prairie
Prairies are considered part of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome by ecologists, based on similar temperate climates, moderate rainfall, and grasses, herbs, and shrubs, rather than trees, as the dominant vegetation type...
s proved helpful in organizing the movements of men and horse
Horse
The horse is one of two extant subspecies of Equus ferus, or the wild horse. It is a single-hooved mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature into the large, single-toed animal of today...
s across the South Africa
South Africa
The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...
n veldt.
Montie Ritchie was born in the English village
Village
A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet with the population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand , Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods, such as the West Village in Manhattan, New...
of Ashwell. He graduated form Cambridge University in 1931. When Ritchie first came to the JA, he was given the most difficult jobs and the toughest bronco
Bronco
Bronco, or bronc is a term used in the United States, northern Mexico and Canada to refer to an untrained horse or one that habitually bucks. It may refer to a feral horse that has lived in the wild its entire life, but is also used to refer to domestic horses not yet fully trained to saddle, and...
s to ride. He persevered and obtained proxies from his sister, Gabrielle M. Ritchie Keiller, and younger brother to become the new JA manager.
His younger brother, Richard Morgan Wadsworth Ritchie (1912–1940), known as “Dick Ritchie”, was like their father an international sportsman and also an actor
Actor
An actor is a person who acts in a dramatic production and who works in film, television, theatre, or radio in that capacity...
. “Dick” died at the age of twenty-eight from inhaling carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide , also called carbonous oxide, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly lighter than air. It is highly toxic to humans and animals in higher quantities, although it is also produced in normal animal metabolism in low quantities, and is thought to have some normal...
which leaked from a faulty heater on his yacht
Yacht
A yacht is a recreational boat or ship. The term originated from the Dutch Jacht meaning "hunt". It was originally defined as a light fast sailing vessel used by the Dutch navy to pursue pirates and other transgressors around and into the shallow waters of the Low Countries...
, from which he was fishing
Fishing
Fishing is the activity of trying to catch wild fish. Fish are normally caught in the wild. Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping....
off Corpus Christi
Corpus Christi, Texas
Corpus Christi is a coastal city in the South Texas region of the U.S. state of Texas. The county seat of Nueces County, it also extends into Aransas, Kleberg, and San Patricio counties. The MSA population in 2008 was 416,376. The population was 305,215 at the 2010 census making it the...
.
Managing the JA Ranch
As JA manager, Ritchie revived the ranch during the time of outstanding debts stemming from his grandmother’s death and the onslaught of the Great DepressionGreat Depression
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s...
and the drought
Drought
A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply. Generally, this occurs when a region receives consistently below average precipitation. It can have a substantial impact on the ecosystem and agriculture of the affected region...
of the 1930s. His grandmother's estate placed a large debt load on the ranch. Timothy Dwight Hobart
Timothy Dwight Hobart
Timothy Dwight Hobart was a Vermont-born businessman, landowner, surveyor, and civic leader in the Texas Panhandle. He lived primarily in Pampa, the seat of Gray County, which he had helped to establish in 1902. He was elected mayor of Pampa in 1927...
, the outgoing ranch manager, co-executor of Cornelia Adair’s estate, and mayor
Mayor
In many countries, a Mayor is the highest ranking officer in the municipal government of a town or a large urban city....
of Pampa
Pampa, Texas
Pampa is a city in Gray County, Texas, United States. The population was 17,887 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Gray County.Pampa is the principal city of the Pampa Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Gray and Roberts counties....
had recommended selling the JA, but Ritchie weathered through, got the JA out of debt, bought out his sister and brother, and set a model for stewardship of the land. By 1945, the JA's operations were confined to 335000 acres (1,355.7 km²) in Armstrong
Armstrong County, Texas
Armstrong County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas, and was formed in 1876 from Bexar County. It is part of the Amarillo metropolitan area. As of 2000, the population is 2,148. Its county seat is Claude. Armstrong is named for one of several Texas pioneer families named Armstrong...
(Claude
Claude, Texas
Claude is a city in Armstrong County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,313 at the 2000 census. Located east of Amarillo, Claude is the county seat of Armstrong County in the south Texas Panhandle...
), Briscoe, Donley
Donley County, Texas
Donley County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2000, its population was 3,828. It is named for Stockton P. Donley, a frontier lawyer. Its county seat is Clarendon....
(Clarendon
Clarendon, Texas
Clarendon is a city in Donley County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,974 at the 2000 census. The county seat of Donley County, Clarendon is located on United States Highway 287 in the Texas Panhandle some sixty miles east of Amarillo. It was established in 1878 by Methodist clergyman L.H...
), and Hall counties (Memphis
Memphis, Texas
Memphis is a city in Hall County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the population was 2,479. It is the county seat of Hall County.Memphis is the birthplace of former U.S...
). At its peak, the ranch had surpassed 1300000 acres (5,260.9 km²). Montie Ritchie sold off parts of the original ranch and purchased another ranch near Larkspur
Larkspur, Colorado
The Town of Larkspur is a Home Rule Municipality in Douglas County, Colorado, United States. The population was 234 at the 2000 census. Each year on weekends in June and July, the Colorado Renaissance Festival is held in the hills just west of the town...
in Douglas County
Douglas County, Colorado
Douglas County is the eighth most populous of the 64 counties of the state of Colorado, in the United States. The county is located midway between Colorado's two largest cities: Denver and Colorado Springs...
, Colorado
Colorado
Colorado is a U.S. state that encompasses much of the Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains...
, between Colorado Springs and Denver. Shortly before Ritchie’s death, the JA donated the last remaining wild herd of buffalo
American Bison
The American bison , also commonly known as the American buffalo, is a North American species of bison that once roamed the grasslands of North America in massive herds...
in the area to the State of Texas.
Military aviator
When World War IIWorld War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
began, Ritchie held dual citizenship. He declared himself an American and joined the United States Naval Reserve as an aviator
Aviator
An aviator is a person who flies an aircraft. The first recorded use of the term was in 1887, as a variation of 'aviation', from the Latin avis , coined in 1863 by G. de la Landelle in Aviation Ou Navigation Aérienne...
and held the rank of lieutenant commander
Lieutenant Commander
Lieutenant Commander is a commissioned officer rank in many navies. The rank is superior to a lieutenant and subordinate to a commander...
. He piloted his own aircraft well into his seventies.He owned several aircraft, including Beechcraft King-Airs.
Twice married
Ritchie was twice married. His first wife, the former Julia Elizabeth “Betty” Barrell of Boston, died not long after the birth of their only child, a daughter, Cornelia Wadsworth “Ninia” Ritchie, later the wife of RepublicanRepublican Party (United States)
The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, it is often called the GOP . The party's platform generally reflects American conservatism in the U.S...
State Senator Teel Bivins
Teel Bivins
Miles Teel Bivins served as United States ambassador to Sweden between 2004 and 2006. He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on May 21, 2004, and sworn in at Washington D.C., on May 26. He presented his credentials to King Carl XVI Gustaf in Stockholm on June 9...
of Amarillo, whose family also had ranching interests in the Panhandle. Ninia and Teel Bivins have a son, Andrew M. Bivins, who in 2005 joined the management team of the JA as the fifth-generation owner. Ritchie subsequently married the former Hildegard “Hildy” Neill (1917–1992) of Colorado.
Cornelia Ritchie was inducted in 2009 into the National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame
National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame
The National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame is a museum and association which honors women of the American West who have displayed courage or spirit and who have distinguished themselves while exemplifying the pioneer spirit...
in Fort Worth
Fort Worth, Texas
Fort Worth is the 16th-largest city in the United States of America and the fifth-largest city in the state of Texas. Located in North Central Texas, just southeast of the Texas Panhandle, the city is a cultural gateway into the American West and covers nearly in Tarrant, Parker, Denton, and...
, Texas.
Later activities
Ritchie was a director of the Continental Bank in Fort Worth and was elected in 1947 as a director of the Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association. He was named honorary vice president of the organization in 1995, a prestigious title which few receive. Like his father and brother, he too was an avid sportsman. A member of the British Alpine Club, Ritchie was the photographer on a 1949 expedition to Baffin IslandBaffin Island
Baffin Island in the Canadian territory of Nunavut is the largest island in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, the largest island in Canada and the fifth largest island in the world. Its area is and its population is about 11,000...
within the Canadian Arctic, where there is darkness for much of the year.
Ritchie began collecting French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
impressionist and post-impressionist paintings in the 1940s. From 1990 until his death, Ritchie was a lifetime member of the Dixon Gallery and Gardens
Dixon Gallery and Gardens
The Dixon Gallery and Gardens is an art museum within 17 acres of gardens, established in 1976, and located at 4339 Park Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee....
in Memphis, Tennessee
Memphis, Tennessee
Memphis is a city in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Tennessee, and the county seat of Shelby County. The city is located on the 4th Chickasaw Bluff, south of the confluence of the Wolf and Mississippi rivers....
, where much of his collection of impressionist art was on loan. In 1992, he donated three fourths of his collection to the Dixon Gallery. The collection includes works by Monet, Renoir
Renoir
-People with the surname Renoir :* Pierre-Auguste Renoir , French painter* Pierre Renoir , French actor and son of Pierre-Auguste Renoir* Jean Renoir , French film director and son of Pierre-Auguste Renoir...
, Sisley
Alfred Sisley
Alfred Sisley was an Impressionist landscape painter who was born and spent most of his life, in France, but retained British citizenship. He was the most consistent of the Impressionists in his dedication to painting landscape en plein air...
, Cezanne, Gauguin, Seurat, Redon
Odilon Redon
Bertrand-Jean Redon, better known as Odilon Redon was a French symbolist painter, printmaker, draughtsman and pastellist.-Life:...
, Bonnard
Pierre Bonnard
Pierre Bonnard was a French painter and printmaker, as well as a founding member of Les Nabis.-Biography:...
and Vuillard.
The American Quarter Horse Association
American Quarter Horse Association
The American Quarter Horse Association , based in Amarillo, Texas, is an international organization dedicated to the preservation, improvement and record-keeping of the American Quarter Horse. The association sanctions many competitive events and maintains the official registry...
in Amarillo honored Ritchie in 1997 with one of its first Legacy Awards, which acknowledges those breeders who have provided a foundation for the quarter horse
American Quarter Horse
The American Quarter Horse is an American breed of horse that excels at sprinting short distances. Its name came from its ability to outdistance other breeds of horses in races of a quarter mile or less; some individuals have been clocked at speeds up to 55 mph...
. JA Ranch has bred quarter horses since the 1930s; its current stock traces its pedigrees to those first horses. Ritchie was also known for his dedication to preserving ranching history. In 1972 and again in 1988, he made donations to the National Ranching Heritage Center
National Ranching Heritage Center
The National Ranching Heritage Center, a museum of ranching history, is located on the campus of Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas. It features almost fifty authentic ranch buildings dating from the late 18th to the mid-20th century...
at Texas Tech University
Texas Tech University
Texas Tech University, often referred to as Texas Tech or TTU, is a public research university in Lubbock, Texas, United States. Established on February 10, 1923, and originally known as Texas Technological College, it is the leading institution of the Texas Tech University System and has the...
in Lubbock
Lubbock, Texas
Lubbock is a city in and the county seat of Lubbock County, Texas, United States. The city is located in the northwestern part of the state, a region known historically as the Llano Estacado, and the home of Texas Tech University and Lubbock Christian University...
.
Burial in New York
Ritchie is interred alongside his brother "Dick" and other family members in the Temple Hill Cemetery in Geneseo, New York. He was Episcopalian and RepublicanRepublican Party (United States)
The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, it is often called the GOP . The party's platform generally reflects American conservatism in the U.S...
. At the burial service, one of Ritchie’s relatives from a Democratic
Democratic Party (United States)
The Democratic Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The party's socially liberal and progressive platform is largely considered center-left in the U.S. political spectrum. The party has the lengthiest record of continuous...
background, W. Stuart Symington, a grandson of former U.S. Senator Stuart Symington
Stuart Symington
William Stuart Symington was a businessman and political figure from Missouri. He served as the first Secretary of the Air Force from 1947 to 1950 and was a Democratic United States Senator from Missouri from 1953 to 1976.-Education and business career:...
of Missouri
Missouri
Missouri is a US state located in the Midwestern United States, bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska. With a 2010 population of 5,988,927, Missouri is the 18th most populous state in the nation and the fifth most populous in the Midwest. It...
, called him a "Tory."