Lectionary 179
Encyclopedia
Codex Sancti Simeonis, commonly known as Lectionary 179, designated by siglum ℓ 179 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering) is a Greek manuscript
of the Old
and New Testament
, on parchment. Paleographically
it has been assigned to the 10th century. It was heavily corrected by a later hand. The manuscript has not survived in complete condition.
The manuscript is housed in Trier
.
, Mark
, Luke
, and Catholic epistles lectionary
(Evangelistarion and Apostolarion), with some lacunae
. The whole codex contains on 202 parchment leaves (25.8 cm by 19.7 cm), only 8 leaves contain New Testament lessons. It contains the Menology.
The text is written in Greek uncial letters, in two columns per page, 25 lines per page. It uses breathings (rough breathing, smooth breathing), accents, and stichometrical
points. It contains the decorated headpieces, decorated initial letters, and musical notes in red at the margin. It has subscriptions.
The error of itacism occur frequently: αι and η
for ε
, ει for ι, ω for ο, υ for οι.
The nomina sacra
and other words are written in an abbreviated way. The following words are abbreviated: και (and), πατηρ (father), μητηρ ('mother), υιος (son), θυγατηρ (daughter), ανθρωπος (man), Θεος (God), Κυριος (Lord), σωτηρ (Saviour), πνευμα (Spirit), ουρανος (heaven), Αβρααμ (Abraham), Δαυιδ (David), Χριστος (Christ), Ιερουσαλημ (Jerusalem). According to R. M. Steininger abbreviations in major part are the same as in Codex Alexandrinus
.
It has some unusual readings. It has many grammar corrections and marginal notes with readings close to the Codex Vaticanus
and Codex Alexandrinus
.
In Genesis 12:4 it reads θεος for Κυριος.
to the 10th century.
The manuscript was brought from Syria in the 11th century.
It is written in the subscription Λαβρετιος, ἱερομοναχος σιναιτης, ὁ παλαιολογος, ἐν μηνι δεκεμβριου, κα ᾳφπε. R. M. Steininger translated it into: Labretius, sacer monachus Sinaita, palaeologus, mense Decembri, die 21. anni MDLXXXV. This means that at the end of the 16th century the manuscript still was located in the East.
It was added to the list of Greek New Testament manuscripts by Scholz. Formerly it was labelled as Lectionary 179e (for Evangelistarion) and 55a (for Apostolarion) by F. H. A. Scrivener
and C. R. Gregory. In 1908 Gregory gave one number to it – 179.
The text of the codex was edited in 1834 by R. M. Steininger (with two Plates). The manuscript was examined and described by Georg Flügel in 1895 (with four Plates). Caspar René Gregory
saw the manuscript in 1884.
The manuscript is not cited in the critical editions of the Greek New Testament (UBS3, UBS4).
Currently the codex is located in the Domschatz, (Hs. 72, fol. 2-9) at Trier
.
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the Old
Old Testament
The Old Testament, of which Christians hold different views, is a Christian term for the religious writings of ancient Israel held sacred and inspired by Christians which overlaps with the 24-book canon of the Masoretic Text of Judaism...
and New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, on parchment. Paleographically
Palaeography
Palaeography, also spelt paleography is the study of ancient writing. Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of...
it has been assigned to the 10th century. It was heavily corrected by a later hand. The manuscript has not survived in complete condition.
The manuscript is housed in Trier
Trier
Trier, historically called in English Treves is a city in Germany on the banks of the Moselle. It is the oldest city in Germany, founded in or before 16 BC....
.
Description
The codex contains lessons mainly from the Old Testament, and also some lessons from the Gospels of MatthewGospel of Matthew
The Gospel According to Matthew is one of the four canonical gospels, one of the three synoptic gospels, and the first book of the New Testament. It tells of the life, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth...
, Mark
Gospel of Mark
The Gospel According to Mark , commonly shortened to the Gospel of Mark or simply Mark, is the second book of the New Testament. This canonical account of the life of Jesus of Nazareth is one of the three synoptic gospels. It was thought to be an epitome, which accounts for its place as the second...
, Luke
Gospel of Luke
The Gospel According to Luke , commonly shortened to the Gospel of Luke or simply Luke, is the third and longest of the four canonical Gospels. This synoptic gospel is an account of the life and ministry of Jesus of Nazareth. It details his story from the events of his birth to his Ascension.The...
, and Catholic epistles lectionary
Lectionary
A Lectionary is a book or listing that contains a collection of scripture readings appointed for Christian or Judaic worship on a given day or occasion.-History:...
(Evangelistarion and Apostolarion), with some lacunae
Lacuna (manuscripts)
A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
. The whole codex contains on 202 parchment leaves (25.8 cm by 19.7 cm), only 8 leaves contain New Testament lessons. It contains the Menology.
The text is written in Greek uncial letters, in two columns per page, 25 lines per page. It uses breathings (rough breathing, smooth breathing), accents, and stichometrical
Stichometry
Stichometry is a term applied to the measurement of ancient texts by στίχοι or verses of a fixed standard length.It was the custom of the Greeks and Romans to estimate the length of their literary works by measured lines...
points. It contains the decorated headpieces, decorated initial letters, and musical notes in red at the margin. It has subscriptions.
The error of itacism occur frequently: αι and η
ETA
ETA , an acronym for Euskadi Ta Askatasuna is an armed Basque nationalist and separatist organization. The group was founded in 1959 and has since evolved from a group promoting traditional Basque culture to a paramilitary group with the goal of gaining independence for the Greater Basque Country...
for ε
Epsilon
Epsilon is the fifth letter of the Greek alphabet, corresponding phonetically to a close-mid front unrounded vowel . In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 5. It was derived from the Phoenician letter He...
, ει for ι, ω for ο, υ for οι.
The nomina sacra
Nomina sacra
Nomina sacra means "sacred names" in Latin, and can be used to refer to traditions of abbreviated writing of several frequently occurring divine names or titles in early Greek language Holy Scripture...
and other words are written in an abbreviated way. The following words are abbreviated: και (and), πατηρ (father), μητηρ ('mother), υιος (son), θυγατηρ (daughter), ανθρωπος (man), Θεος (God), Κυριος (Lord), σωτηρ (Saviour), πνευμα (Spirit), ουρανος (heaven), Αβρααμ (Abraham), Δαυιδ (David), Χριστος (Christ), Ιερουσαλημ (Jerusalem). According to R. M. Steininger abbreviations in major part are the same as in Codex Alexandrinus
Codex Alexandrinus
The Codex Alexandrinus is a 5th century manuscript of the Greek Bible,The Greek Bible in this context refers to the Bible used by Greek-speaking Christians who lived in Egypt and elsewhere during the early history of Christianity...
.
It has some unusual readings. It has many grammar corrections and marginal notes with readings close to the Codex Vaticanus
Codex Vaticanus
The Codex Vaticanus , is one of the oldest extant manuscripts of the Greek Bible , one of the four great uncial codices. The Codex is named for the residence in the Vatican Library, where it has been stored since at least the 15th century...
and Codex Alexandrinus
Codex Alexandrinus
The Codex Alexandrinus is a 5th century manuscript of the Greek Bible,The Greek Bible in this context refers to the Bible used by Greek-speaking Christians who lived in Egypt and elsewhere during the early history of Christianity...
.
In Genesis 12:4 it reads θεος for Κυριος.
History
Scrivener and Gregory dated the manuscript to the 10th or 11th century. It is presently assigned by the INTFInstitute for New Testament Textual Research
The Institute for New Testament Textual Research at the University of Münster, Westphalia, Germany, is an institute for the investigation of the text of the New Testament. The INTF was founded in Münster in 1959 by Professor Kurt Aland , the first director of the Institute...
to the 10th century.
The manuscript was brought from Syria in the 11th century.
It is written in the subscription Λαβρετιος, ἱερομοναχος σιναιτης, ὁ παλαιολογος, ἐν μηνι δεκεμβριου, κα ᾳφπε. R. M. Steininger translated it into: Labretius, sacer monachus Sinaita, palaeologus, mense Decembri, die 21. anni MDLXXXV. This means that at the end of the 16th century the manuscript still was located in the East.
It was added to the list of Greek New Testament manuscripts by Scholz. Formerly it was labelled as Lectionary 179e (for Evangelistarion) and 55a (for Apostolarion) by F. H. A. Scrivener
and C. R. Gregory. In 1908 Gregory gave one number to it – 179.
The text of the codex was edited in 1834 by R. M. Steininger (with two Plates). The manuscript was examined and described by Georg Flügel in 1895 (with four Plates). Caspar René Gregory
Caspar René Gregory
Caspar René Gregory was a American-born German theologian theologian.-Life:Gregory was born in Philadelphia. He studied theology at two Presbyterian seminaries: in 1865-67 at the University of Pennsylvania and at Princeton Theological Seminary...
saw the manuscript in 1884.
The manuscript is not cited in the critical editions of the Greek New Testament (UBS3, UBS4).
Currently the codex is located in the Domschatz, (Hs. 72, fol. 2-9) at Trier
Trier
Trier, historically called in English Treves is a city in Germany on the banks of the Moselle. It is the oldest city in Germany, founded in or before 16 BC....
.
See also
- List of New Testament lectionaries
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...