La traviata

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La traviata

La traviata is an opera

Opera

Opera is an Performing arts in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work which combines a text and a musical score. Opera is part of the Western classical music tradition....
in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi

Giuseppe Verdi

Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi was an Italian Romantic music composer, mainly of opera. He was one of the most influential composers in the 19th century....
set to an Italian libretto

Libretto

A libretto is the text used in an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, sacred or secular oratorio and cantata, Musical theater, and ballet....
by Francesco Maria Piave

Francesco Maria Piave

Francesco Maria Piave was an Italy libretto who was Giuseppe Verdi's life-long friend and collaborator. Like Verdi, Piave was an ardent Italian patriot, and in 1848, during Milan's "Cinque Giornate," when Joseph_Radetzky_von_Radetz Austrian troops retreated from the city, Verdi's letter to Piave in Venice was addressed to "Citizen Piav...
. It is based on the novel La dame aux Camélias
The Lady of the Camellias

The Lady of the Camellias is a novel by Alexandre Dumas, fils, first published in 1848, that was subsequently Theatrical adaptation for the Drama....
by Alexandre Dumas, fils

Alexandre Dumas, fils

Alexandre Dumas, fils was a French author and dramatist. He was the son of Alexandre Dumas, p?re, also a writer and playwright....
, published in 1848. The title "La Traviata" means literally The Woman Who Strayed, or perhaps more figuratively, The Fallen One.

Piave and Verdi wanted to follow Dumas in giving the opera a contemporary setting, but the authorities at La Fenice

La Fenice

Teatro La Fenice is an opera house in Venice, Italy. It is one of the most famous theatres in Europe, the site of many famous operatic premieres....
insisted that it be set in the past, "c.

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Encyclopedia

La traviata is an opera

Opera

Giuseppe Verdi

Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi was an Italian Romantic music composer, mainly of opera. He was one of the most influential composers in the 19th century....
set to an Italian libretto

Libretto

A libretto is the text used in an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, sacred or secular oratorio and cantata, Musical theater, and ballet....
by Francesco Maria Piave

Francesco Maria Piave

Alexandre Dumas, fils

La Fenice

Teatro La Fenice is an opera house in Venice, Italy. It is one of the most famous theatres in Europe, the site of many famous operatic premieres....
insisted that it be set in the past, "c. 1700". It was not until the 1880s that the composer's and librettist's original wishes were carried out and "realistic" productions were staged.

After some revisions between 1853 and May 1854, mostly affecting Acts 2 and 3, the opera was presented again in Venice, this time at the teatro di San Benedetto.

Performance history

On 24 May 1856 the revised version was presented at Her Majesty's Theatre

Her Majesty's Theatre

Her Majesty's Theatre is a West End theatre, located in the Haymarket, in the City of Westminster. The present building was designed by Charles J....
in London followed on 3 December of that year by its premiere in New York.

Today, the opera has become immensely popular and it is a staple of the standard operatic repertoire. It is third on Opera America

Opera America

Opera America, officially OPERA America, is a service organization in North America promoting the creation, presentation, and enjoyment of opera....
's list of the 20 most-performed operas in North America, behind only Madama Butterfly
Madama Butterfly

Madama Butterfly is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini, with an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa....
and La bohème
La bohème

La boh?me is an opera in four acts by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa, based on Sc?nes de la vie de boh?me by Henri Murger....
.

Roles

Role	Voice type	Premiere Cast, 6 March 1853 (Conductor: – )
Violetta Valéry, a courtesan	soprano Soprano A soprano is a voice type with a vocal range from approximately to "high A" in choral music, or to "soprano C" or higher in operatic music. In four part chorale style harmony the soprano takes the highest part which usually encompasses the melody....	Fanny Salvini-Donatelli Fanny Salvini-Donatelli File:Fanny Salvini-Donatelli La Fenice Portrait.jpgFanny Salvini-Donatelli was an Italian people operatic soprano. She is most well-known today for creating the role of Violetta in Verdi's opera, La traviata, but she was also an admired interpreter of the composer's other works as well as those by Gaetano Donizetti....
Alfredo Germont	tenor Tenor The tenor is a type of male voice type and is the highest male voice within the modal register. The typical tenor voice lies between the C one octave below middle C to the A above in choral music, and up to high C in solo work....	Ludovico Graziani
Giorgio Germont, his father	baritone Baritone Baritone is a type of European classical music male voice type that lies between the bass and tenor voices. It is the most common male voice....	Felice Varesi Felice Varesi Felice Varesi was an Italian baritone.Specializing in Gaetano Donizetti operas, he began his career in Varese in 1834 and went on to sing in Faenza, Florence, Modena, Rome, Perugia and Genoa....
Flora Bervoix	mezzo-soprano Mezzo-soprano A mezzo-soprano is a type of European classical music female voice type whose range lies between the soprano and the contralto singing voices, usually extending from the A below middle C to the A two octaves above ....	Speranza Giuseppini
Annina, Violetta's maid	soprano	Carlotta Berini
Gastone, Alfredo's friend	tenor	Angelo Zuliani
Barone Douphol	baritone	Francesco Dragone
Marchese d'Obigny	bass Bass (voice type) A bass is a type of European classical music male singing human voice and possesses the lowest vocal range of all voice types. According to Grove Music Online, a bass is typically classified as having a range extending from around the second F below middle C to the E above middle C ....	Arnaldo Silvestri
Dottore Grenvil	bass	Andrea Bellini
Giuseppe, Violetta's servant	tenor	G. Borsato
Flora's servant	bass	G. Tona
Commissioner	bass	Antonio Mazzini

Synopsis

Place: Paris

Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
and its vicinity.

Time: Beginning of the 18th century

(Many modern productions set it during the 19th century instead)

Act 1

The salon in Violetta's house

Violetta Valéry, a famed courtesan

Courtesan

A courtesan is mainly what one may call a high-class prostitute. A courtesan would offer her charms and sexual pleasures, generally and more usually to people of substantial wealth, in return for a good and respectable living, especially during hard times of poverty....
, throws a lavish party at her Paris salon

Salon (gathering)

A salon is a gathering of stimulating people of quality under the roof of an inspiring hostess or host, partly to amuse one another and partly to refine their taste and increase their knowledge through conversation and readings, often consciously following Horace definition of the aims of poetry, "either to please or to educate" ....
to celebrate her recovery from an illness. Gastone, a count, has brought with him his friend, the young nobleman Alfredo Germont, who has long adored Violetta from afar. While walking to the salon, Gastone tells Violetta that Alfredo loves her, and that while she was ill, he came to her house every day. Alfredo joins them, admitting the truth of Gastone's remarks. Violetta replies to Alfredo, "I’m indebted to you".

The Baron waits nearby to escort Violetta to the salon, but she walks to him saying, "You, Baron, never cared as much". The Baron replies, "I have just known you for a year". Violetta glares at Alfredo and says, "He just met me a minute ago!". At the salon, the Baron is asked to give a toast, but he refuses and the crowd turns to Alfredo (Alfredo, Violetta, chorus: Libiamo ne' lieti calici
Libiamo ne' lieti calici

Libiamo ne'lieti calici is the most famous duet from Giuseppe Verdi's La traviata, perhaps one of the most well known fragments of opera around the world, and an obligatory performance for any great tenor....
– "Drinking song").

From the next room, the orchestra begins to play and the guests move there to dance. Violetta feels dizzy and asks the guests to go ahead and to leave her to rest for a while to recover. The Baron leaves her alone. The guests dance in the next room, while Violetta looks at her face in her mirror. She looks pale. Alfredo enters and he expresses his concern for her fragile health and later declares his love for her (Alfredo, Violetta: Un dì, felice, eterea
Un di, felice, eterea

Un d?, felice, eterea is a duet from the first act of Giuseppe Verdi's opera La Traviata. It is sung by the male and female protagonists of the opera, Alfredo and Violetta ....
– "The day I met you").

At first Violetta rejects him because his love means nothing of importance to her. However, there is something about Alfredo that touches her heart. Alfredo is about to leave when she gives him a flower, telling him to return it when it has wilted. She promises to meet him the next day.

After the guests leave, Violetta wonders if Alfredo could actually be the one in her life (Violetta: Ah, fors'è lui – "Perhaps he is the one"). But she concludes that she needs freedom to live her life (Violetta: Sempre libera – "Always free"). From off stage, Alfredo's voice is heard singing about love as he walks down the street.

Act 2

Scene 1: Violetta's country house outside Paris

Three months later, Alfredo and Violetta are living together in a peaceful country house outside Paris. Violetta has fallen in love with Alfredo and she has completely abandoned her former life. Alfredo sings of their happy life together (Alfredo: Di miei bollenti spiriti – "Wild my dream of ecstasy"). Annina, the maid, arrives from Paris, and, when questioned by Alfredo, she tells him that she went there to sell the horses, carriages and everything owned by Violetta to support their country lifestyle.

Alfredo is shocked to learn this and leaves for Paris immediately to settle matters himself. Violetta returns home and receives an invitation from her friend, Flora, inviting her to a party in Paris. Alfredo’s father, Giorgio Germont, is announced and demands that, for the sake of his family, she break off her relationship with his son. He is reluctantly impressed by Violetta’s nobility, which is not what he expected from a courtesan. Giorgio reveals that Violetta’s relationship with Alfredo has threatened his daughter’s engagement (Giorgio: Pura siccome un angelo – "I have a daughter as pure as an angel") because of Violetta's reputation as a courtesan . While she says that she cannot break off her relationship with Alfredo because she loves him so much, Giorgio pleads with her for the sake of his family. With growing remorse in her heart, she finally agrees (Violetta, Giorgio: Dite alla giovine – "Say to this child of thine"). She bids farewell to Giorgio. Giorgio kisses her forehead in a gesture of gratitude for her kindness and sacrifice, before leaving her weeping alone.

Violetta gives a note to Annina to send to Flora as acceptance of the party invitation. As she is writing a farewell letter to Alfredo, he enters. She can barely control her sadness and tears; she tells him repeatedly of her unconditional love (Violetta: Amami Alfredo - "I love you, Alfredo") before rushing out and handing the farewell letter to her servant to give to Alfredo.

The servant gives the farewell letter to Alfredo. As soon as he finishes reading it, Giorgio comes in and attempts to comfort his son, reminding him of his family in Provence (Giorgio: Di Provenza il mar – "In Provence"). Alfredo suspects the Baron is behind his separation with Violetta and the party invitation, which he finds on the desk, strengthens his suspicions. He determines to confront Violetta at the party. Giorgio tries to stop Alfredo, but he rushes out.

Scene 2: Party at Flora’s house

At the party, the Marquis tells Flora that Violetta and Alfredo have separated. She calls for the entertainers to perform for the guests (Chorus: Noi siamo zingarelle – "We’re gypsies gay and youthful"); (Chorus: Di Madride noi siam mattadori – "We are bullfighters from Madrid"). Gastone and his friends join the matadors and sing (Gastone, chorus, dancers: E Piquillo, un bel gagliardo – "Twas Piquillo, so young and so daring").

Violetta arrives with Baron Douphol. They see Alfredo at the gambling table, and upon seeing them, Alfredo creates a big scene about his winning. The Baron feels annoyed. He goes to the gambling table and challenges him. Alfredo wins some large sums of money from the Baron until Flora announces that the supper is ready. Alfredo leaves with handfuls of money.

Everyone goes in to supper, but Violetta has asked Alfredo to see her. Fearing that the Baron's anger will lead him to challenge Alfredo to a duel, she gently asks Alfredo to leave. Alfredo misunderstands her apprehension and demands that she admit that she loves the Baron. In grief, she does so. Her confession makes Alfredo furious and he calls the guests to witness what he has to say. Alfredo humiliates and denounces Violetta in front of the guests, and then throws his winnings at her for her "services" while they lived together (Questa donna conoscete?). She falls, fainting onto the floor. The guests reprimand Alfredo: "Leave at once, we despise you. You have insulted a noble lady".

In search of his son, Giorgio enters the hall. Knowing the real significance of the scene, he denounces his son's behavior (Giorgio, Alfredo, Violetta, chorus: Di sprezzo degno, se stesso rendo – "Worthy of contempt is the man").

Flora and the ladies attempt to persuade Violetta to leave the dining room, but, before doing so, Violetta turns to Alfredo and sings, Alfredo, Alfredo, di questo core non puoi comprendere tutto l’amore – "Alfredo, Alfredo, little canst thou fathom the love within my heart for thee".

Act 3

Violetta’s bedroom

Dr. Grenvil tells Annina that Violetta will not live long as her tuberculosis has worsened. Alone in her room, Violetta reads a letter sent by Alfredo’s father saying the Baron was only wounded in his duel with Alfredo. The letter also states that he has informed Alfredo of the sacrifice Violetta made for him and his sister; and that he is sending his son to see her as quickly as possible to ask for her forgiveness. But Violetta senses it is too late (Violetta: Addio del passato – "So closes my sad story").

Annina rushes in the room to tell Violetta of the arrival of Alfredo. The lovers are reunited. Alfredo suggests that they leave Paris (Alfredo, Violetta: Parigi, o cara , noi lasceremo – "Dearest, we’ll leave Paris" ).

But it is too late; she knows her time is up (Alfredo, Violetta: Gran Dio! morir si giovane – "O, God! to die so young"). The old Germont enters (Ah, Violetta) with the doctor. He regrets what he has done. Shortly after, Violetta dies in Alfredo’s arms.

Selected recordings

Year	Cast (Violetta, Alfredo, Germont)	Conductor, Opera House and Orchestra	Label
1946	Licia Albanese Licia Albanese Licia Albanese is a distinguished Italy soprano and chairman of The Licia Albanese-Puccini Foundation, founded in 1974 and dedicated to assisting young artists and singers.... , Jan Peerce Jan Peerce Jan Peerce was an American operatic tenor. He is the father of film director Larry Peerce.... , Robert Merrill Robert Merrill Robert Merrill was an American operatic baritone. While there has been dispute regarding his birth year , the Social Security Death Index, his family, and his gravestone state that he was born in 1917....	Arturo Toscanini Arturo Toscanini Arturo Toscanini was an Italian people conductor. One of the most acclaimed musicians of the late 19th and 20th Centuries, he was renowned for his brilliant intensity, his restless perfectionism, his phenomenal ear for orchestral detail and sonority, and his photographic memory.... , NBC Symphony Orchestra and Chorus NBC Symphony Orchestra The NBC Symphony Orchestra was a radio orchestra established by David Sarnoff of the National Broadcasting Company especially for conductor Arturo Toscanini....	Audio CD: RCA Victor Red Seal
1955	Maria Callas Maria Callas Maria Callas was an American-born Greeks soprano and one of the most renowned opera singers of the twentieth century. She combined an impressive bel canto technique with great dramatic gifts.... , Giuseppe di Stefano Giuseppe Di Stefano Giuseppe Di Stefano was an Italian operatic tenor whose career lasted from the late 1940s to the early 1970s. He was also known for his long association with the soprano Maria Callas, with whom he performed and recorded many times, and with whom he was romantically involved for a brief period.... , Ettore Bastianini Ettore Bastianini Ettore Bastianini was an Italian opera singer who began his professional career as a Bass , then earned worldwide acclaim as a baritone, particularly in Giuseppe Verdi roles, before dying of throat cancer at the age of forty-four....	Carlo Maria Giulini Carlo Maria Giulini Carlo Maria Giulini was an Italy conducting, and viola.... , La Scala La Scala The *Teatro alla Scala* , in Milan, Italy, is one of the world's most famous opera houses. The theatre was inaugurated on 3 August 1778, under the name Nuovo Regio Ducal Teatro alla Scala with Antonio Salieri Europa riconosciuta.... orchestra and chorus	Audio CD: EMI Classics EMI Classics EMI Classics is a record label of EMI, formed in 1990 in order to reduce the need to create country-specific packaging and catalogs for internationally distributed european classical music releases....
1958	Maria Callas Maria Callas Maria Callas was an American-born Greeks soprano and one of the most renowned opera singers of the twentieth century. She combined an impressive bel canto technique with great dramatic gifts.... , Alfredo Kraus Alfredo Kraus Alfredo Kraus Trujillo was a distinguished Spanish people tenor of Austrian descent, particularly known for the artistry he brought to opera's bel canto roles.... , Mario Sereni Mario Sereni Mario Sereni is an Italian baritone, who sang leading roles at the New York Metropolitan Opera for many years.Sereni was born in Perugia, Italy....	Franco Ghione, Teatro Nacional de São Carlos Teatro Nacional de São Carlos The *Teatro Nacional de S?o Carlos*, pronunciation. , is an opera house in Lisbon, Portugal. It was opened on July 30 1793 by Maria I of Portugal as a replacement for the Tejo Opera House, which was destroyed in the 1755 Lisbon earthquake.... orchestra and chorus	Audio CD: EMI Classics EMI Classics EMI Classics is a record label of EMI, formed in 1990 in order to reduce the need to create country-specific packaging and catalogs for internationally distributed european classical music releases....
1960	Anna Moffo Anna Moffo Anna Moffo was an Italian-American opera singing and one of the leading lyric-coloratura sopranos of her generation. She possessed a warm and radiant voice of considerable range and agility, and was an affecting singing-actress of great physical beauty.... , Richard Tucker Richard Tucker Richard Tucker was a highly regarded American operatic tenor.Tucker was born Rivn Ticker in Brooklyn, New York, into a family of immigrants from Bessarabia .... , Robert Merrill Robert Merrill Robert Merrill was an American operatic baritone. While there has been dispute regarding his birth year , the Social Security Death Index, his family, and his gravestone state that he was born in 1917....	Fernando Previtali Fernando Previtali Fernando Previtali was an Italian conducting, particularly associated with the Italian repertory, especially Verdi operas.He studied at the Music Coservatory in Turin, and later with Franco Alfano.... , Rome Opera House Orchestra and Chorus	Audio CD: RCA Victor Red Seal
1962	Joan Sutherland Joan Sutherland Dame Joan Alston Sutherland, Order of Merit, Order of Australia, Order of the British Empire is an Australian voice type soprano noted for her contribution in the renaissance of the bel canto repertoire in the late 1950s, 1960s and 1970s.... , Carlo Bergonzi, Robert Merrill Robert Merrill Robert Merrill was an American operatic baritone. While there has been dispute regarding his birth year , the Social Security Death Index, his family, and his gravestone state that he was born in 1917....	John Pritchard John Pritchard Sir John Michael Pritchard Order of the British Empire was a England conductor. He was known for his interpretations of Mozart operas and for his support of contemporary music.... , Maggio Musicale Fiorentino Maggio Musicale Fiorentino File:????????????? ??????????? ???.jpgMaggio Musicale Fiorentino is an annual list of opera festivals which was founded in April 1933 by conductor Vittorio Gui with the aim of presenting contemporary and forgotten operas in visually dramatic productions.... orchestra and chorus	Audio CD:Decca Decca Records Decca Records is a British record label established in 1929 in music by Edward Lewis . Its U.S. label was established in late 1934; later the link with the British company was broken for several decades....
1967	Anna Moffo Anna Moffo Anna Moffo was an Italian-American opera singing and one of the leading lyric-coloratura sopranos of her generation. She possessed a warm and radiant voice of considerable range and agility, and was an affecting singing-actress of great physical beauty.... , Franco Bonisolli Franco Bonisolli Franco Bonisolli was an Italian operatic tenor, particularly associated with the Italian repertory, notably as Il trovatore and Turandot.... , Gino Bechi Gino Bechi Gino Bechi was an Italy operatic baritone, particularly associated with the Italian repertory, especially in Giuseppe Verdi roles....	Giuseppe Patanè Giuseppe Patanè Giuseppe Patan? was an Italian list of conductors. He was the son of the conductor Franco Patan? and studied in Naples, where he also made his debut in 1951.... , Rome Opera orchestra and chorus (Film directed by Mario Lanfranchi Mario Lanfranchi Mario Lanfranchi is an Italian film director and Film producer, of both television and film. He was married to Italian-American soprano Anna Moffo.... )
1968	Montserrat Caballé Montserrat Caballé Montserrat Caball? is a Spain Catalan people operaticsoprano. One of the greatest sopranos of the 20th century,she possesses a voice of remarkable beauty and of great range... , Carlo Bergonzi, Sherrill Milnes Sherrill Milnes Sherrill Milnes is an United States operatic baritone most famous for his Giuseppe Verdi roles. From 1965 until 1997 he was associated with the Metropolitan Opera....	Georges Prêtre Georges Prêtre Georges Pr?tre is a France conducting.He was born in Waziers , and studied harmony under Maurice Durufl? and conducting under Andr? Cluytens among others at the Paris Conservatoire.... , RCA Italiana Opera orchestra and chorus	Audio CD:RCA RCA RCA Corporation, founded as Radio Corporation of America, was an electronics company in existence from 1919 to 1986. Today, the RCA is owned by the France conglomerate Thomson SA through RCA Trademark Management S.A., a company owned by Thomson....
1971	Beverly Sills Beverly Sills Beverly Sills was an American operatic soprano who enjoyed success in the 1960s and 1970s. She was famous for her performances in coloratura soprano roles in operas around the world and on recordings.... , Nicolai Gedda Nicolai Gedda The Sweden tenor Nicolai Gedda is a famous opera singer and recitalist. Having made some two hundred recordings, Gedda is said to be the most widely recorded tenor in history.... , Rolando Panerai Rolando Panerai Rolando Panerai Italian baritone, particularly associated with the Italian repertory, he enjoyed a long and distinguished career in both comic and dramatic roles....	Aldo Ceccato Aldo Ceccato Aldo Ceccato is an Italy conducting. He has worked as assistant to Sergiu Celibidache and was music director of the Detroit Symphony Orchestra from 1973 until 1977.... , Royal Philharmonic Orchestra Royal Philharmonic Orchestra The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra is a British orchestra based in London. It tours widely, and is sometimes referred to as "Britain's national orchestra".... , The John Alldis Choir	Audio CD: EMI Classics EMI Classics EMI Classics is a record label of EMI, formed in 1990 in order to reduce the need to create country-specific packaging and catalogs for internationally distributed european classical music releases.... Cat: 7 69827 2
1976	Ileana Cotrubas Ileana Cotrubas Ileana Cotrubas is a Romanian opera soprano whose career spanned from the 1960s to the 1980s. She was much admired for her acting skills and facility for singing opera in many different languages.... , Plácido Domingo Plácido Domingo Jos? Pl?cido Domingo Embil Order of the British Empire , better known as Pl?cido Domingo, is a Spanish tenor, known for his versatile and strong voice, possessing a ringing and dramatic tone throughout its range.... , Sherrill Milnes Sherrill Milnes Sherrill Milnes is an United States operatic baritone most famous for his Giuseppe Verdi roles. From 1965 until 1997 he was associated with the Metropolitan Opera....	Carlos Kleiber Carlos Kleiber Carlos Kleiber was a German-born Austrian Conducting.... , Bayerische Staatsoper orchestra and chorus	Audio CD: Deutsche Grammophon Deutsche Grammophon Deutsche Grammophon is a Germany classical record label, now part of the Universal Music Group. The company has long been known for its high standards of high fidelity....
1979	Joan Sutherland Joan Sutherland Dame Joan Alston Sutherland, Order of Merit, Order of Australia, Order of the British Empire is an Australian voice type soprano noted for her contribution in the renaissance of the bel canto repertoire in the late 1950s, 1960s and 1970s.... , Luciano Pavarotti Luciano Pavarotti Luciano Pavarotti Italian orders of merit was an Italian opera tenor, who also crossed over into popular music. He was the most commercially successful tenor of all.... , Matteo Manuguerra Matteo Manuguerra Matteo Manuguerra was a Tunisian-born French baritone, one of the leading Verdi baritones of the 1970s.Manuguerra was born in Tunis, Tunisia, to Italian parents, who later moved to Argentina....	Richard Bonynge Richard Bonynge Richard Bonynge, Order of the British Empire , is an Australian conductor and pianist.He was born in Sydney, Australia and educated at Sydney Boys High School before studying piano at the Royal College of Music in London.... , National Philharmonic orchestra and chorus
1983	Teresa Stratas Teresa Stratas Teresa Stratas Order of Canada , is a Canada soprano opera singer.... , Plácido Domingo Plácido Domingo Jos? Pl?cido Domingo Embil Order of the British Empire , better known as Pl?cido Domingo, is a Spanish tenor, known for his versatile and strong voice, possessing a ringing and dramatic tone throughout its range.... , Cornell MacNeil Cornell MacNeil Cornell MacNeil is an American operatic baritone known for his voice and his phenomenal career with the Metropolitan Opera, which spanned 642 performances in twenty-six roles....	James Levine James Levine James Lawrence Levine is an United States orchestral conducting and piano. He is currently the music director of the Metropolitan Opera and of the Boston Symphony Orchestra.... Metropolitan Opera Metropolitan Opera The Metropolitan Opera Association of New York City, founded in April 1880, is a major presenter of all types of opera including Grand Opera. Peter Gelb is the company's general manager and James Levine is music director.... orchestra and chorus (Film directed by Franco Zeffirelli Franco Zeffirelli Franco Zeffirelli, Order of the British Empire , is an Italy film director. He is also an theatre director, designer and producer of opera, theatre, film and television.... )	DVD: Universal Studios Universal Studios Universal Studios , a subsidiary of NBC Universal, is one of the six Worldwide major American film studios. Its production studios are located at 100 Universal City Plaza Drive in Universal City, California.... Cat: 0 2519-20326-2 2 (La Traviata (1983 film) La Traviata (1983 film) *La Traviata* is a 1983 in film Italy film written, designed, and directed by Franco Zeffirelli. It is based on the La traviata with music by Giuseppe Verdi and libretto by Francesco Maria Piave.... )
1992	Cheryl Studer Cheryl Studer Cheryl Studer is a Grammy Award winning American dramatic soprano who has sung at many of the world's major opera houses. A singer with unusual versatility, Studer has performed more than eighty roles ranging from the dramatic repertoire to roles more commonly associated with lyric sopranos and coloratura sopranos.... , Luciano Pavarotti Luciano Pavarotti Luciano Pavarotti Italian orders of merit was an Italian opera tenor, who also crossed over into popular music. He was the most commercially successful tenor of all.... , Juan Pons Juan Pons Joan Pons ?lvarez , is a Spanish dramatic baritone, known internationally as Juan Pons....	James Levine James Levine James Lawrence Levine is an United States orchestral conducting and piano. He is currently the music director of the Metropolitan Opera and of the Boston Symphony Orchestra.... Metropolitan Opera Metropolitan Opera The Metropolitan Opera Association of New York City, founded in April 1880, is a major presenter of all types of opera including Grand Opera. Peter Gelb is the company's general manager and James Levine is music director.... orchestra and chorus	Audio CD: Deutsche Grammophon Deutsche Grammophon Deutsche Grammophon is a Germany classical record label, now part of the Universal Music Group. The company has long been known for its high standards of high fidelity....
1992	Kiri Te Kanawa Kiri Te Kanawa Dame Kiri Janette Te Kanawa, Order of New Zealand, Order of the British Empire, Order of Australia, is a New Zealand soprano who had a highly successful international opera career between 1968-2004.... , Alfredo Kraus Alfredo Kraus Alfredo Kraus Trujillo was a distinguished Spanish people tenor of Austrian descent, particularly known for the artistry he brought to opera's bel canto roles.... , Dmitri Hvorostovsky Dmitri Hvorostovsky Dmitri Aleksandrovich Hvorostovsky , is a baritone opera singer from Russia.Hvorostovsky was born in Krasnoyarsk in Siberia. He studied at the Krasnoyarsk School of Arts under Yekatherina Yofel and made his debut at Krasnoyarsk Opera House, in the role of Marullo in Rigoletto....	Zubin Mehta Zubin Mehta Zubin Mehta is an Indian conducting of Western classical music.... , Maggio Musicale Fiorentino Maggio Musicale Fiorentino File:????????????? ??????????? ???.jpgMaggio Musicale Fiorentino is an annual list of opera festivals which was founded in April 1933 by conductor Vittorio Gui with the aim of presenting contemporary and forgotten operas in visually dramatic productions.... orchestra and chorus	Audio CD:Polygram Records
1995	Angela Gheorghiu Angela Gheorghiu Angela Gheorghiu in Adjud, Romania is one of the most renowned operatic singers of the 21st Century. Since her professional debut in 1990, she has sung as soprano leading roles at New York's Metropolitan Opera, Covent Garden's Royal Opera House, the Vienna State Opera, Milan's La Scala, and many other major opera houses in Europe and the U... , Frank Lopardo, Leo Nucci	Sir Georg Solti, Royal Opera House Royal Opera House The Royal Opera House is an opera house and major performing arts venue in the London district of Covent Garden. The large building, often referred to as simply "Covent Garden", is the home of Royal Opera, London , Royal Ballet, London and the Orchestra of the Royal Opera House.... Covent Garden orchestra and chorus
2005	Anna Netrebko Anna Netrebko Anna Yur?yevna Netrebko born in Krasnodar, Russia, is a Russian-Austrian operatic soprano who currently resides in Vienna.... , Rolando Villazon Rolando Villazón Emilio Rolando Villaz?n Maule?n is a Mexico tenor. He is currently in international demand as an opera singer, and also maintains an active recording career.... , Thomas Hampson	Carlo Rizzi, Wiener Philharmoniker orchestra and chorus	Audio CD: Deutsche Grammophon Deutsche Grammophon Deutsche Grammophon is a Germany classical record label, now part of the Universal Music Group. The company has long been known for its high standards of high fidelity....

Note: "Cat:" is short for catalogue number by the label company; "ASIN" is amazon.com product reference number.

Film and other versions

Donato Lovreglio (1841–1907), an Italian flautist and composer wrote the "Concert Fantasy on themes from Verdi's La traviata (op. 45)" for clarinet and orchestra; in it, Lovreglio used the overture and several arias from the opera.
Various versions of the movie Camille
Camille (film)

Camille is the name of numerous films. Many of them are based on the 1852 novel and play The Lady of the Camellias by Alexandre Dumas, fils ....
were also adapted from the same novel.
La Traviata is the basis for the Baz Luhrmann
Baz Luhrmann

Mark Anthony "Baz" Luhrmann is an Academy Award- and Golden Globe-nominated Australian film director, screenwriter, and film producer best known for The Red Curtain Trilogy....
musical-drama, Moulin Rouge!
Moulin Rouge!

Moulin Rouge! is a 2001 in film Cinema of Australia film by Baz Luhrmann, director of William Shakespeare's Romeo + Juliet, based largely on the Giuseppe Verdi opera La Traviata....
.
There is a film version of the opera from 1967, with Anna Moffo
Anna Moffo

Anna Moffo was an Italian-American opera singing and one of the leading lyric-coloratura sopranos of her generation. She possessed a warm and radiant voice of considerable range and agility, and was an affecting singing-actress of great physical beauty....
as Violetta, Franco Bonisolli
Franco Bonisolli

Franco Bonisolli was an Italian operatic tenor, particularly associated with the Italian repertory, notably as Il trovatore and Turandot....
as Alfredo, Gino Bechi
Gino Bechi

Gino Bechi was an Italy operatic baritone, particularly associated with the Italian repertory, especially in Giuseppe Verdi roles....
as Giorgio Germont, and the chorus and orchestra of the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma
Teatro dell'Opera di Roma

The Teatro dell'Opera di Roma is an opera house in Rome, Italy. Originally opened in November 1880 as the 2,212 seat Costanzi Theatre, it has undergone several changes of name as well modifications and improvements....
, conducted by Giuseppe Patanè
Giuseppe Patanè

Giuseppe Patan? was an Italian list of conductors. He was the son of the conductor Franco Patan? and studied in Naples, where he also made his debut in 1951....
. The film is directed by Mario Lanfranchi
Mario Lanfranchi

Mario Lanfranchi is an Italian film director and Film producer, of both television and film. He was married to Italian-American soprano Anna Moffo....
. It is available on DVD.
Franco Zeffirelli
Franco Zeffirelli

Franco Zeffirelli, Order of the British Empire , is an Italy film director. He is also an theatre director, designer and producer of opera, theatre, film and television....
directed another version
La Traviata (1983 film)

La Traviata is a 1983 in film Italy film written, designed, and directed by Franco Zeffirelli. It is based on the La traviata with music by Giuseppe Verdi and libretto by Francesco Maria Piave....
in 1983, with Teresa Stratas
Teresa Stratas

Teresa Stratas Order of Canada , is a Canada soprano opera singer....
as Violetta and Plácido Domingo
Plácido Domingo

Jos? Pl?cido Domingo Embil Order of the British Empire , better known as Pl?cido Domingo, is a Spanish tenor, known for his versatile and strong voice, possessing a ringing and dramatic tone throughout its range....
as Alfredo.

Bibliography

Piero Rattalino, Memoriale di "Pura Siccome". La storia di Violetta la traviata raccontata dalla sorella nubile di Alfredo, Zecchini Editore, 2006. ISBN 88-87203-05-9

External links

on .

: Public domain vocal score (scanned from an 1899 edition)
: Public domain orchestra score (scanned from an old edition)
MP3 Recording with Creative Commons License