Julio E. Rubio
Encyclopedia
Julio E. Rubio is a Mexican
researcher and administrator at Tecnológico de Monterrey.
In 2009, Rubio was accepted as a member of the National Thematic Research Network on Science, Complexity and Society, Mexico.
in 1999. He graduated cum laude, the highest distinction in Spain, for this dissertation The Construction of Scientific Knowledge
: The Case for the Concept of Genetic
Information (La construcción del conocimiento científico: el caso del concepto de información genética). In this work, Rubio argues that scientific knowledge is generated by communication systems that are distinguished by codes of formalization and interpretation of reality.
Rubio earned an MA in Philosophy of Science
from the Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Mexico. His thesis subject was Reductionism
and Emergentism
in the Hypercycle
Theory (Reduccionismo y emergentismo en la teoría del hiperciclo).
Rubio has also earned MS in Physics
from the University of Texas at El Paso
. His undergraduate degree is in engineering
from Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey Campus.
, and sociology of technology
, generally focusing on the topics of scientific and technological innovation
. He has written numerous works on these topics, including articles in both peer-reviewed and public interest journals. He has edited a book on these subjects, and is working on two more. He also wrote the prologue of the book Science, Technology and History (Ciencia, tecnología e historia) by the scholar Javier Ordoñez.
Among Rubio's contributions is the development of a system for analyzing the structure, elements and formation of public policies for science, technology and innovation, along with Ntumbua Tshipamba. According to Rubio, it is important to study to study these public policies as integrated systems, within the context of the triple helix
of university
, industry
and government
.
Rubio has also applied the triple helix approach to the subject of patents. According to Rubio, the lack of nationally-developed patents in Mexico is a sign of weakness and technological dependence. In order to increase the number and quality of patents developed in Mexico, Mexico must focus on building a stable knowledge society. In order to do so, it is important for Mexico to develop a national innovation system
, in which business, academia and government work in concert. In particular, universities must own their role as producers of knowledge. Government also needs to increase incentives for patent production. For instance, the SNI should take patent development into account in evaluation a researcher's academic contributions. Seed funding is also essential, as patents lead to the development of new businesses, which in turn further the innovation process.
Rubio has argued that the lack of cooperation between government, academia and industry is not specific to patents production, but rather of the overall state of affairs in Mexico. According to Rubio, a dynamic economy is build on stable structures, without which optimal employment levels are impossible. As such, in Mexico, there is the paradoxical state of affairs that in Mexico these is a lack of human capital, even though trained professional are available in increasing numbers.
Rubio's book Science, Technology and Society in Mexico (Ciencia, tecnología y sociedad en México) is held by research libraries across the world, including in Mexico, Germany and Spain.
of Academics of the Rectoría de la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México (RZMCM) of Tecnológico de Monterrey. Previously, Rubio was Dean of Research of the RZMCM. He has also served as head of Tecnológico de Monterrey's Mexico City and Santa Fe
campuses.
Rubio has also served on the board of directors
of the Mexican Council of Graduate Studies (COMEPO). More than 60 Mexican research universities are current COMEPO members, including the National Autonomous University of Mexico
(UNAM), the Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM) and the National Polytechnic Institute
(IPN).
Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
researcher and administrator at Tecnológico de Monterrey.
Academic recognition
Rubio is a member of Mexico's National System of Researchers (SNI), the arm of the National Council of Science and Technology that recognizes researchers who have made significant constributions to their fields.In 2009, Rubio was accepted as a member of the National Thematic Research Network on Science, Complexity and Society, Mexico.
Education
Rubio received his PhD from the University of Valencia, SpainSpain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
in 1999. He graduated cum laude, the highest distinction in Spain, for this dissertation The Construction of Scientific Knowledge
Knowledge
Knowledge is a familiarity with someone or something unknown, which can include information, facts, descriptions, or skills acquired through experience or education. It can refer to the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject...
: The Case for the Concept of Genetic
Genetics
Genetics , a discipline of biology, is the science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms....
Information (La construcción del conocimiento científico: el caso del concepto de información genética). In this work, Rubio argues that scientific knowledge is generated by communication systems that are distinguished by codes of formalization and interpretation of reality.
Rubio earned an MA in Philosophy of Science
Philosophy of science
The philosophy of science is concerned with the assumptions, foundations, methods and implications of science. It is also concerned with the use and merit of science and sometimes overlaps metaphysics and epistemology by exploring whether scientific results are actually a study of truth...
from the Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Mexico. His thesis subject was Reductionism
Reductionism
Reductionism can mean either an approach to understanding the nature of complex things by reducing them to the interactions of their parts, or to simpler or more fundamental things or a philosophical position that a complex system is nothing but the sum of its parts, and that an account of it can...
and Emergentism
Emergentism
In philosophy, emergentism is the belief in emergence, particularly as it involves consciousness and the philosophy of mind, and as it contrasts with reductionism. A property of a system is said to be emergent if it is in some sense more than the "sum" of the properties of the system's parts...
in the Hypercycle
Hypercycle
Hypercycle may refer to:* Hypercycle , a line of equal distance in hyperbolic geometry* Hypercycle , a kind of reaction network prominent in a theory of the self-organization of matter, see Manfred Eigen and quasispecies model...
Theory (Reduccionismo y emergentismo en la teoría del hiperciclo).
Rubio has also earned MS in Physics
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...
from the University of Texas at El Paso
El Paso
El Paso, a city in the U.S. state of Texas, on the border with Mexico.El Paso may also refer to:-Geography:Colombia:* El Paso, CesarSpain:*El Paso, Santa Cruz de TenerifeUnited States:...
. His undergraduate degree is in engineering
Engineering
Engineering is the discipline, art, skill and profession of acquiring and applying scientific, mathematical, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes that safely realize improvements to the lives of...
from Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey Campus.
Research interests and contributions
As a researcher, Rubio's fields of interest include epistemology of natural science, systems theorySystems theory
Systems theory is the transdisciplinary study of systems in general, with the goal of elucidating principles that can be applied to all types of systems at all nesting levels in all fields of research...
, and sociology of technology
Sociology of scientific knowledge
The sociology of scientific knowledge ' is the study of science as a social activity, especially dealing "with the social conditions and effects of science, and with the social structures and processes of scientific activity."...
, generally focusing on the topics of scientific and technological innovation
Innovation
Innovation is the creation of better or more effective products, processes, technologies, or ideas that are accepted by markets, governments, and society...
. He has written numerous works on these topics, including articles in both peer-reviewed and public interest journals. He has edited a book on these subjects, and is working on two more. He also wrote the prologue of the book Science, Technology and History (Ciencia, tecnología e historia) by the scholar Javier Ordoñez.
Among Rubio's contributions is the development of a system for analyzing the structure, elements and formation of public policies for science, technology and innovation, along with Ntumbua Tshipamba. According to Rubio, it is important to study to study these public policies as integrated systems, within the context of the triple helix
Triple helix
In geometry, a triple helix is a set of three congruent geometrical helices with the same axis, differing by a translation along the axis. Structures in the form of a triple helix include:* collagen helix...
of university
University
A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects. A university is an organisation that provides both undergraduate education and postgraduate education...
, industry
Industry
Industry refers to the production of an economic good or service within an economy.-Industrial sectors:There are four key industrial economic sectors: the primary sector, largely raw material extraction industries such as mining and farming; the secondary sector, involving refining, construction,...
and government
Government
Government refers to the legislators, administrators, and arbitrators in the administrative bureaucracy who control a state at a given time, and to the system of government by which they are organized...
.
Rubio has also applied the triple helix approach to the subject of patents. According to Rubio, the lack of nationally-developed patents in Mexico is a sign of weakness and technological dependence. In order to increase the number and quality of patents developed in Mexico, Mexico must focus on building a stable knowledge society. In order to do so, it is important for Mexico to develop a national innovation system
National innovation system
The National Innovation System is the flow of technology and information among people, enterprises and institutions which is key to the innovative process on the national level...
, in which business, academia and government work in concert. In particular, universities must own their role as producers of knowledge. Government also needs to increase incentives for patent production. For instance, the SNI should take patent development into account in evaluation a researcher's academic contributions. Seed funding is also essential, as patents lead to the development of new businesses, which in turn further the innovation process.
Rubio has argued that the lack of cooperation between government, academia and industry is not specific to patents production, but rather of the overall state of affairs in Mexico. According to Rubio, a dynamic economy is build on stable structures, without which optimal employment levels are impossible. As such, in Mexico, there is the paradoxical state of affairs that in Mexico these is a lack of human capital, even though trained professional are available in increasing numbers.
Rubio's book Science, Technology and Society in Mexico (Ciencia, tecnología y sociedad en México) is held by research libraries across the world, including in Mexico, Germany and Spain.
Administrative experience
Rubio is currently the DeanDean (education)
In academic administration, a dean is a person with significant authority over a specific academic unit, or over a specific area of concern, or both...
of Academics of the Rectoría de la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México (RZMCM) of Tecnológico de Monterrey. Previously, Rubio was Dean of Research of the RZMCM. He has also served as head of Tecnológico de Monterrey's Mexico City and Santa Fe
Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Santa Fe
The Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, Santa Fe Campus commonly shortened as Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Santa Fe, ITESM Campus Santa Fe or Tec Santa Fe, is a campus of the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education private university system...
campuses.
Rubio has also served on the board of directors
Board of directors
A board of directors is a body of elected or appointed members who jointly oversee the activities of a company or organization. Other names include board of governors, board of managers, board of regents, board of trustees, and board of visitors...
of the Mexican Council of Graduate Studies (COMEPO). More than 60 Mexican research universities are current COMEPO members, including the National Autonomous University of Mexico
National Autonomous University of Mexico
The Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México is a university in Mexico. UNAM was founded on 22 September 1910 by Justo Sierra as a liberal alternative to the Roman Catholic-sponsored Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico The Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) (National Autonomous...
(UNAM), the Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM) and the National Polytechnic Institute
National Polytechnic Institute
The National Polytechnic Institute colloquially known as the Polytechnic is one of the largest public universities in Mexico with 153.027 students at the high school, undergraduate and postgraduate levels...
(IPN).
Books and chapters in books
- Rubio, J. E. & Molina, A. (Eds.). (In progress). La tecnología del siglo XXI [Technology in the 21st century].
- Rubio, J. E. (2011). The public debate on science and technology: Transgenic corn in Mexico. In P. Kalantzis-Cope & K. Gherab Martin (Eds.), Emerging digital spaces in contemporary society: Properties of technology (pp. 198–200). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Rubio, J. E. (2010). La construcción comunicacional del concepto de información genética [The communication construction of the concept of genetic information]. In J. Serrano (Ed.), Ciencia, tecnología y sociedad. Mexico City: McGraw-Hill.
- Rubio, J. E. (2010). Prologue. In J. Ordoñez (Ed.), Ciencia, tecnología e historia: relaciones y diferencias [Science, technology and history: connections and differences]. Mexico City: Ariel.
- Rubio, J. E., & Ordoñez Rodriguez, F. J. (Eds.) (2008). Ciencia, tecnología y sociedad en México [Science, technology and society in Mexico]. Mexico City: Miguel Ángel Porrúa.
- Rubio, J. E. (2008). La sociedad mexicana ante la ciencia [Mexican society in light of science]. In J. Rubio & J. Ordóñez (Eds.). Ciencia, tecnología y sociedad en Mexico. Mexico City: Miguel Ángel Porrúa. ISBN 978-970-819-094-7.
- Rubio, J. E. & Juárez, I. (2008). Redes de investigación en Mexico [Research networks in Mexico]. In Gestión de recursos para la investigación. Mexico City: Federation of Private Mexican Institutions of Higher Education.
- Rubio, J. E. (2005). La organización social de la ciencia en México [Social organization of science in Mexico]. In L. Corona Treviño & F. X. Paunero Amigo (Eds.), Ciencia, tecnología e innovación: algunas experiencias en América Latina y el Caribe. Girona, Spain: Universitat de Girona.
- Rubio, J. E. (2002). La ciencia en la globalización [Science and globalization]. In K. M. Kamilamba (Ed.), La globalización vista desde la periferia. Mexico City: Miguel Ángel Porrúa.
Journal articles
- Rubio, J. E., & Tshipamba, N. (2010). Elements of the public policy of science, technology and innovation. Canadian Social Science, 6(6), 61-80.
- Ramírez-Alvarado, L. F., & Rubio, J. E. (2010). Culture, government and development in South Korea. Asian Culture and History, 2, 71-81.
- Rubio, J. E. (2009). El surgimiento de la biología molecular [The emergence of molecular biology]. Ciencia UANL, 7(3), 135-142.
- Rubio, J. E. (2008). Public debate of science and technology: Transgenic corn in Mexico. The International Journal of Technology, Knowledge & Society, 4(3), 113-120.
- Rubio, J. E. (2004). A systemic typology of scientific phenomena. Analecta Husserliana, 83(6), 673-700.
- Rubio, J. E. (2003). Systems as emergent phenomena. Analecta Husserliana, 79, 845-864.
- Rubio, J. E. (2001). Phenomenology and levels of organization in science. Analecta Husserliana, 76, 221-230.
- Rubio, J. E. (1999). Autonomía epistemológica de los niveles de organización [Epistemological autonomy in levels of organization]. Ludus Vitalis, Revista de Filosofía de las Ciencias de la Vida, 7(12).
- Rubio, J. E. (1998). Lenguaje y comunicación en la ciencia [Language and communication in science]. Razón y Palabra, 3(12).
- Rubio, J. E. (1997). Reducción fisicalista del origen de la vida en la teoría del hiperciclo [Physicalist reductionism of the origin of life in the hypercycle theory]. Ludus Vitalis, Revista de Filosofía de las Ciencias de la Vida, 5(9).
- Rubio, J. E. (1997). Aproximación ecológica y reduccionismo genético en el origen molecular de la vida [The ecological approach and genetic reductionism in the molecular origin of life]. Ludus Vitalis, Revista de Filosofía de las Ciencias de la Vida, special num. 2, 381-394.