José Hipólito Raposo
Encyclopedia
José Hipólito Raposo was a Portuguese
politician, writer, lawyer and historian.
monarchist
group active within the intelligetsia at the time in 1911 he took a trip to Paris
with his friend Alberto Monsaraz
and whilst there they established contact with Action Française
with whom they shared many aims. He joined with Monsaraz, António Sardinha
, João do Amaral and José Adriano Pequito Rebelo
in relaunching the monarchist journal A Nação Portuguesa in 1913. From this basis he became the founder of Integralismo Lusitano
that same year along with Monsaraz and Sardinha. Raposo became known as one of the main ideologues of the new group and as a theorist he had a deep influence on Plínio Salgado
who frequently referenced his works.
and Italian fascism
. Like others in the Integralist movement Raposo also keenly watched the development Movimento Nacional-Sindicalista
but, although he personally had some sympathies towards the cause of national syndicalism
, he did not follow the likes of Monsaraz in switiching to the new movement. However despite his flirtations with fascism
Raposo, unlike Sardinha, had no truck with the racialist theories associated with Nazism
and similar ideologies and indeed considered the Black African populations of colonies such as Angola
and Mozambique
to be as much Portuguese as himself.
and his final attempt to push the integralist line, by launching a journal entitled Integralismo Lusitano with Luís de Almeida Braga
in 1932 was not a success. Having initially been ambivalent in his attitudes towards Salazar, Raposo decided in 1940 that the dictator was ruining Portugal and published a book, Amar e Servir, in which he savaged the Estado Novo founder.
. As a writer he also published poetry
, theatre criticism, fiction and essays on the academic traditions of Coimbra University.
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
politician, writer, lawyer and historian.
Integralism
He was educated at the University of Coimbra before taking up practice as a lawyer. Part of a conservativeConservatism
Conservatism is a political and social philosophy that promotes the maintenance of traditional institutions and supports, at the most, minimal and gradual change in society. Some conservatives seek to preserve things as they are, emphasizing stability and continuity, while others oppose modernism...
monarchist
Monarchism
Monarchism is the advocacy of the establishment, preservation, or restoration of a monarchy as a form of government in a nation. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government out of principle, independent from the person, the Monarch.In this system, the Monarch may be the...
group active within the intelligetsia at the time in 1911 he took a trip to Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
with his friend Alberto Monsaraz
Alberto Monsaraz
Alberto de Morés Monsaraz was a Portuguese politician and poet. He was one of the central figures in the Integralismo Lusitano that dominated the far right of Portuguese politics during the early years of the twentieth century.-Early years:Born in Lisbon, he was the son of the poet António de...
and whilst there they established contact with Action Française
Action Française
The Action Française , founded in 1898, is a French Monarchist counter-revolutionary movement and periodical founded by Maurice Pujo and Henri Vaugeois and whose principal ideologist was Charles Maurras...
with whom they shared many aims. He joined with Monsaraz, António Sardinha
António Sardinha
António Sardinha was a Portuguese writer and the main intellectual behind the Integralismo Lusitano movement. He espoused as a strongly conservative world view which has been characterised as an early fascism.-Early politics:Sardinha graduated in law from the University of Coimbra in 1911...
, João do Amaral and José Adriano Pequito Rebelo
José Adriano Pequito Rebelo
José Adriano Pequito Rebelo was a Portuguese writer, politician and aviator.-Early life:...
in relaunching the monarchist journal A Nação Portuguesa in 1913. From this basis he became the founder of Integralismo Lusitano
Integralismo Lusitano
Integralismo Lusitano was a Portuguese integralist political movement, founded in Coimbra in 1914, that advocated traditionalism but not conservatism. It was against parliamentarism; instead, it favored decentralization, national syndicalism, the Roman Catholic Church, and the monarchy...
that same year along with Monsaraz and Sardinha. Raposo became known as one of the main ideologues of the new group and as a theorist he had a deep influence on Plínio Salgado
Plínio Salgado
Plínio Salgado was a Brazilian politician, writer, journalist, and theologian. He founded and led the Brazilian Integralist Action, a far-right political party inspired on the Italian Fascist movement....
who frequently referenced his works.
Fascism
In the early 1920s Raposo also became close to a minor group known as Cruzada Non'Alvares, which was the first group in Portugal to openly endorse Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was an Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party and is credited with being one of the key figures in the creation of Fascism....
and Italian fascism
Italian Fascism
Italian Fascism also known as Fascism with a capital "F" refers to the original fascist ideology in Italy. This ideology is associated with the National Fascist Party which under Benito Mussolini ruled the Kingdom of Italy from 1922 until 1943, the Republican Fascist Party which ruled the Italian...
. Like others in the Integralist movement Raposo also keenly watched the development Movimento Nacional-Sindicalista
National Syndicalists (Portugal)
The National Syndicalists were a political movement that briefly flourished in Portugal in the 1930s, and an influence on the Spanish Falange....
but, although he personally had some sympathies towards the cause of national syndicalism
National syndicalism
National syndicalism is a nationalist variant of syndicalism.- Founding of national syndicalism in France :National syndicalism was founded in France by the fusion of Maurrassian integral nationalism with Sorelian syndicalism. Interest in Sorelian thought arose in the French political right,...
, he did not follow the likes of Monsaraz in switiching to the new movement. However despite his flirtations with fascism
Fascism
Fascism is a radical authoritarian nationalist political ideology. Fascists seek to rejuvenate their nation based on commitment to the national community as an organic entity, in which individuals are bound together in national identity by suprapersonal connections of ancestry, culture, and blood...
Raposo, unlike Sardinha, had no truck with the racialist theories associated with Nazism
Nazism
Nazism, the common short form name of National Socialism was the ideology and practice of the Nazi Party and of Nazi Germany...
and similar ideologies and indeed considered the Black African populations of colonies such as Angola
Angola
Angola, officially the Republic of Angola , is a country in south-central Africa bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean with Luanda as its capital city...
and Mozambique
Mozambique
Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique , is a country in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest...
to be as much Portuguese as himself.
Later years
His influence faded following the emegence of António de Oliveira SalazarAntónio de Oliveira Salazar
António de Oliveira Salazar, GColIH, GCTE, GCSE served as the Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968. He also served as acting President of the Republic briefly in 1951. He founded and led the Estado Novo , the authoritarian, right-wing government that presided over and controlled Portugal...
and his final attempt to push the integralist line, by launching a journal entitled Integralismo Lusitano with Luís de Almeida Braga
Luís de Almeida Braga
Luís Carlos de Lima de Almeida Braga was a Portuguese writer and politician who has one of the leading figures within the Integralismo Lusitano movement.-Early years:...
in 1932 was not a success. Having initially been ambivalent in his attitudes towards Salazar, Raposo decided in 1940 that the dictator was ruining Portugal and published a book, Amar e Servir, in which he savaged the Estado Novo founder.
Writing
His 1947 book Don Luisa du Gũsmao, duquesa e rainha (1613-1666) is still recognised as the standard biography of Luisa of Medina-SidoniaLuisa of Medina-Sidonia
Luisa Maria Francisca of Guzman was a Queen consort of Portugal. She was the spouse of King John IV, the first Braganza ruler, as well as the mother of two Kings of Portugal and a Queen of England...
. As a writer he also published poetry
Poetry
Poetry is a form of literary art in which language is used for its aesthetic and evocative qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its apparent meaning...
, theatre criticism, fiction and essays on the academic traditions of Coimbra University.