José Adriano Pequito Rebelo
Encyclopedia
José Adriano Pequito Rebelo (born 21 May 1892 in Gavião, Portugal
- died 22 January 1983 in Lisbon
) was a Portuguese
writer, politician and aviator.
family, Pequito Rebelo studied law at University of Coimbra where he followed in the family's political footsteps. He followed his family into exile in the early 1910s to Paris
and whilst there became converted to the Action Française
school of monarchism.
along with José Hipólito Raposo
, Alberto Monsaraz
and António Sardinha
. Uniquely amongst this leadership Pequito Rebelo enlisted in the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps
during the First World War, whilst also writing extensively for the integralist journals, often on the theme of his hatred for urbanism.
Pequito Rebelo was involved in the monarchist uprising of 1919 and suffered serious wounds in the fighting. However when brought to trial for his involvement he was surprisingly exonerated.
and took to writing for the syndicalist
paper Politico. He looked set for a switch to the National Syndicalists
but again changed his mind and became a loyalist for António de Oliveira Salazar
.
on the side of Francisco Franco
. In later years he became a leading advocate of colonialism
and in 1961, despite his advancing years, volunteered for pilot duties against pro-independence guerrillas in Angola
.
He continued writing until his death in 1983.
Gavião, Portugal
Gavião is a Portuguese municipality in the District of Portalegre, in the historical region of Alentejo with a total area of 294.6 km² and a total population of 4,453 inhabitants.The municipality is composed of 5 parishes....
- died 22 January 1983 in Lisbon
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
) was a Portuguese
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
writer, politician and aviator.
Early life
Born into a monarchistMonarchism
Monarchism is the advocacy of the establishment, preservation, or restoration of a monarchy as a form of government in a nation. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government out of principle, independent from the person, the Monarch.In this system, the Monarch may be the...
family, Pequito Rebelo studied law at University of Coimbra where he followed in the family's political footsteps. He followed his family into exile in the early 1910s to Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
and whilst there became converted to the Action Française
Action Française
The Action Française , founded in 1898, is a French Monarchist counter-revolutionary movement and periodical founded by Maurice Pujo and Henri Vaugeois and whose principal ideologist was Charles Maurras...
school of monarchism.
Integralismo
On his return to Portugal in 1914 he became a founder of Integralismo LusitanoIntegralismo Lusitano
Integralismo Lusitano was a Portuguese integralist political movement, founded in Coimbra in 1914, that advocated traditionalism but not conservatism. It was against parliamentarism; instead, it favored decentralization, national syndicalism, the Roman Catholic Church, and the monarchy...
along with José Hipólito Raposo
José Hipólito Raposo
José Hipólito Raposo was a Portuguese politician, writer, lawyer and historian.-Integralism:He was educated at the University of Coimbra before taking up practice as a lawyer...
, Alberto Monsaraz
Alberto Monsaraz
Alberto de Morés Monsaraz was a Portuguese politician and poet. He was one of the central figures in the Integralismo Lusitano that dominated the far right of Portuguese politics during the early years of the twentieth century.-Early years:Born in Lisbon, he was the son of the poet António de...
and António Sardinha
António Sardinha
António Sardinha was a Portuguese writer and the main intellectual behind the Integralismo Lusitano movement. He espoused as a strongly conservative world view which has been characterised as an early fascism.-Early politics:Sardinha graduated in law from the University of Coimbra in 1911...
. Uniquely amongst this leadership Pequito Rebelo enlisted in the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps
Portuguese Expeditionary Corps
The Portuguese Expeditionary Corps was the main military force from Portugal that participated in the First World War. Portuguese neutrality ended in 1916 after the seizure of German merchant ships resulted in Germany declaring war...
during the First World War, whilst also writing extensively for the integralist journals, often on the theme of his hatred for urbanism.
Pequito Rebelo was involved in the monarchist uprising of 1919 and suffered serious wounds in the fighting. However when brought to trial for his involvement he was surprisingly exonerated.
New ideals
Pequito Rebelo's ideas appeared to radicalise with age as he came under the influence of Georges ValoisGeorges Valois
Georges Valois was a French journalist and politician.-Life and career:Born in a working-class and peasant family, Georges Valois went to Singapore at the age of 17, returning to Paris in 1898. In his early years he was an Anarcho-syndicalist...
and took to writing for the syndicalist
Syndicalism
Syndicalism is a type of economic system proposed as a replacement for capitalism and an alternative to state socialism, which uses federations of collectivised trade unions or industrial unions...
paper Politico. He looked set for a switch to the National Syndicalists
National Syndicalists (Portugal)
The National Syndicalists were a political movement that briefly flourished in Portugal in the 1930s, and an influence on the Spanish Falange....
but again changed his mind and became a loyalist for António de Oliveira Salazar
António de Oliveira Salazar
António de Oliveira Salazar, GColIH, GCTE, GCSE served as the Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968. He also served as acting President of the Republic briefly in 1951. He founded and led the Estado Novo , the authoritarian, right-wing government that presided over and controlled Portugal...
.
Adventurism
Left somewhat restless by his support for the government Pequito Rebelo volunteered as an aviator in the Spanish Civil WarSpanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil WarAlso known as The Crusade among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War among Carlists, and The Rebellion or Uprising among Republicans. was a major conflict fought in Spain from 17 July 1936 to 1 April 1939...
on the side of Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco y Bahamonde was a Spanish general, dictator and head of state of Spain from October 1936 , and de facto regent of the nominally restored Kingdom of Spain from 1947 until his death in November, 1975...
. In later years he became a leading advocate of colonialism
Colonialism
Colonialism is the establishment, maintenance, acquisition and expansion of colonies in one territory by people from another territory. It is a process whereby the metropole claims sovereignty over the colony and the social structure, government, and economics of the colony are changed by...
and in 1961, despite his advancing years, volunteered for pilot duties against pro-independence guerrillas in Angola
Angola
Angola, officially the Republic of Angola , is a country in south-central Africa bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean with Luanda as its capital city...
.
He continued writing until his death in 1983.