Josef Jindrich Šechtl
Encyclopedia
Josef Jindřich Šechtl was a Czech
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....

 photographer who specialized in photojournalism
Photojournalism
Photojournalism is a particular form of journalism that creates images in order to tell a news story. It is now usually understood to refer only to still images, but in some cases the term also refers to video used in broadcast journalism...

 and portrait photography. On the death of his father, photographer Ignác Šechtl
Ignác Šechtl
Ignác Šechtl , also known as Ignace Schächtl or Hynek Šechtl, was a pioneer of Czech photography and cinematography...

, Josef inherited the photographic studios of Šechtl & Voseček
Šechtl and Vosecek
The photographic studio Šechtl and Voseček was founded in Tábor in 1888 by Ignác Šechtl, who accepted his assistant Jan Voseček as co-member of his photographic studio....

.

Early years

Josef Jindřich Šechtl was born in Tábor
Tábor
Tábor is a city of the Czech Republic, in the South Bohemian Region. It is named after Mount Tabor, which is believed by many to be the place of the Transfiguration of Christ; however, the name became popular and nowadays translates to "camp" or "encampment" in the Czech language.The town was...

, South Bohemia, on May 9, 1877 as the second of three children. His father, Ignác Šechtl
Ignác Šechtl
Ignác Šechtl , also known as Ignace Schächtl or Hynek Šechtl, was a pioneer of Czech photography and cinematography...

, had opened his photographic studio in Tábor in 1876, and thus Josef Jindřich was influenced by photography from his childhood.

After finishing lower high school in Tábor, the boy was particularly interested in chemigraphy (a method of printing photographs). In 1891 (at the age of 14) he started to work as a trainee in the polygraphic factory of Jan Vilím in Prague
Prague
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...

. After two years, in 1893, he changed jobs to work as a photographer in the studio of František Krátký in Kolín
Kolín
Kolín is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic some east from Prague, lying on the Elbe river.-History:Kolín was founded by king Přemysl Otakar II in the 13th century, first mentioned in 1261. Later on, 1437, a castle was founded here...

. Krátký's studio specialized in stereoscopy
Stereoscopy
Stereoscopy refers to a technique for creating or enhancing the illusion of depth in an image by presenting two offset images separately to the left and right eye of the viewer. Both of these 2-D offset images are then combined in the brain to give the perception of 3-D depth...

 and publishing photographs as educational tools, allowing Josef Jindřich to further develop his interests in photographic printing. His certificate of a completed apprenticeship, written in 1906 by his father Ignác Šechtl, also certifies his studies in the Šechtl & Voseček studios in the period 1892-1895, apparently in parallel with his jobs in Prague and Kolín. At 22, after serving in the army (1898–1899), he started work in the affiliated Šechtl & Voseček studio in Černovice u Tábora, a town near Tábor. At this time his father Ignác was travelling with his cinematograph (motion pictures), and the Tábor studio was run by Ignác's partner Jan Voseček.

Photographic career

Josef Jindřich Šechtl had a wide variety of interests in photography, including portrait photography
Portrait photography
Portrait photography or portraiture is the capture by means of photography of the likeness of a person or a small group of people , in which the face and expression is predominant. The objective is to display the likeness, personality, and even the mood of the subject...

, photojournalism
Photojournalism
Photojournalism is a particular form of journalism that creates images in order to tell a news story. It is now usually understood to refer only to still images, but in some cases the term also refers to video used in broadcast journalism...

, documenting changes in the town of Tábor
Tábor
Tábor is a city of the Czech Republic, in the South Bohemian Region. It is named after Mount Tabor, which is believed by many to be the place of the Transfiguration of Christ; however, the name became popular and nowadays translates to "camp" or "encampment" in the Czech language.The town was...

, photography of architecture, film
Film
A film, also called a movie or motion picture, is a series of still or moving images. It is produced by recording photographic images with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or visual effects...

, color photography using the Autochrome
Autochrome Lumière
The Autochrome Lumière is an early color photography process. Patented in 1903 by the Lumière brothers in France and first marketed in 1907, it was the principal color photography process in use before the advent of subtractive color film in the mid-1930s....

 process, street photography
Street photography
Street photography is a type of documentary photography that features subjects in candid situations within public places such as streets, parks, beaches, malls, political conventions and other settings....

 using an early Leica camera, and fine art photography
Fine art photography
Fine art photography refers to photographs that are created in accordance with the creative vision of the photographer as artist. Fine art photography stands in contrast to photojournalism, which provides a visual account for news events, and commercial photography, the primary focus of which is to...

 influenced by photographic pictorialism
Pictorialism
‎Pictorialism is the name given to a photographic movement in vogue from around 1885 following the widespread introduction of the dry-plate process. It reached its height in the early years of the 20th century, and declined rapidly after 1914 after the widespread emergence of Modernism...

 (including use of the bromoil process
Bromoil Process
The Bromoil Process was an early photographic process that was very popular with the Pictorialists during the first half of the twentieth century...

).
Since the photographs from the Šechtl & Voseček studio are not usually signed by the particular photographer, it is not clear which photographs taken during 1897-1911 were taken by Josef Jindřich or Ignác Šechtl. Josef Jindřich's influence on the work of studio is however apparent. Soon after the start of his career, the studio started to publish large photo essays on important events, and produced postcards signed Šechtl & Voseček. The earliest of these larger photo essays — from an exhibition in Sedlčany
Sedlcany
Sedlčany is a town in the Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic.Sedlčany is famous for its cheese Hermelín, which is more commonly known as Brie, or Camembert. -External links:*...

, the Sokol
Sokol
The Sokol movement is a youth sport movement and gymnastics organization first founded in Czech region of Austria-Hungary, Prague, in 1862 by Miroslav Tyrš and Jindřich Fügner...

 gymnastic festival (Slet), or the arrival of Austrian
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...

 Emperor Franz Joseph I
Franz Joseph I of Austria
Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I was Emperor of Austria, King of Bohemia, King of Croatia, Apostolic King of Hungary, King of Galicia and Lodomeria and Grand Duke of Cracow from 1848 until his death in 1916.In the December of 1848, Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria abdicated the throne as part of...

 — contained about twenty photographs each. The essays however quickly grew larger, and the Regional Exhibition in Tábor in 1902 was recorded in over 100 photographs.

The main source of income for the studio however remained its studio work, in which Josef Jindřich excelled: despite the provincial location of the studio, his works were comparable with those of the best Czech portrait studios. His work is influenced by photographic pictorialism
Pictorialism
‎Pictorialism is the name given to a photographic movement in vogue from around 1885 following the widespread introduction of the dry-plate process. It reached its height in the early years of the 20th century, and declined rapidly after 1914 after the widespread emergence of Modernism...

. He used various visual aids and decorations to help express the personality of his subjects, often with a gentle sense of humor. His skilful use of light and contrast with shadows achieved stunning visual effects.

Josef Jindřich Šechtl became a partner in the Šechtl & Voseček studio in 1904 and took complete control in 1911 after the death of his father. Under his lead the studio prospered, and in 1906 he opened an affiliated studio in Pelhřimov
Pelhrimov
- Basic facts :Pelhřimov is located approximately half-way between Prague and Brno. It is known as “the Gateway to the Highlands“ because of its location in the westernmost tip of the Czech-Moravian Highlands. The altitude above sea level at the foot of the tower of the Church of St...

, while the studio also participated in the Austrian Exhibition in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...

. In 1907, a new and modern studio was built on the main street of Tábor.

The photographic work of Josef Jindřich was very much influenced by Anna Stocká, whom he married in 1911. Anna loved art, and thanks to her charm the family befriended several artists living in Tábor, in particular the sculptor Jan Vítězslav Dušek. In 1912 Josef Jindřich and Anna's daughter Ludmila was born, and all seemed well. Josef Jindřich didn't serve in the army during World War I, and thus had a chance to record life in Tábor during this period, including the fire that significantly damaged the Tábor studio in 1917. He recorded the fire in a unique photo-essay, with several snapshots made on small-format sheet film, and for a record, a "reconstructed scene" made afterwards as an exact reconstruction of one of the snapshots, on a 13×18 cm glass plate negative.

Much more disastrous for his life than the fire was the death of Anna from a kidney disorder in 1925 just six months after, and precipitated by, the birth of their son, Josef Ferdinand Ignác. His second marriage, to teacher Božena Bulínová, in 1926, wasn't as happy; and Josef Jindřich began to concentrate more on work in the studio and less on family life.

In 1928 Josef Jindřich bought a Leica camera and started recording life on 35mm film
135 film
The term 135 was introduced by Kodak in 1934 as a designation for cartridge film wide, specifically for still photography. It quickly grew in popularity, surpassing 120 film by the late 1960s to become the most popular photographic film format...

. His collected work on 35mm gives an interesting insight into the daily life of the photographer, his vacations in Jáchymov
Jáchymov
For other places called Joachimsthal, see Joachimsthal Jáchymov . compl: "Sant Joachim's Sthal" is a spa town in north-west Bohemia in the Czech Republic belonging to the Karlovy Vary Region. It is situated at an altitude of 733 m above sea level in the eponymous St...

 and Yugoslavia, and his trip to the Olympic Games in Berlin
1936 Summer Olympics
The 1936 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XI Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event which was held in 1936 in Berlin, Germany. Berlin won the bid to host the Games over Barcelona, Spain on April 26, 1931, at the 29th IOC Session in Barcelona...

 in 1936 with his friend the sculptor Jan Vítězslav Dušek, as well as events of the Second World War and the early years of communist Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...

.

During the life of Josef Jindřich, photography changed from a job that could be taken up and practised fairly freely to a regulated craft: first for portrait photography in 1911, and later in 1926 (despite the protests of many amateur photographers) it was declared a full-scale craft, requiring apprenticeship and a permit to practice. In 1948, the new communist government socialised all services, including photographic studios. The Šechtl & Voseček studio was turned into a syndicate and nationalized in 1951 and, as a former tradesman, Josef Jindřich Šechtl was granted a small pension (200 Kčs
Czechoslovak koruna
The Czechoslovak koruna was the currency of Czechoslovakia from April 10, 1919 to March 14, 1939 and from November 1, 1945 to February 7, 1993...

 per month).

Josef Jindřich Šechtl died in Tábor on February 24, 1954, aged 76.

Fine art photography

The Šechtl & Voseček studios were advertised as artistic studios with a special focus on portraits of women and children. Josef Jindřich Šechtl did a number of works in fine art photography; however, most of these photographic prints either have been lost or are in private collections. Many of his architectural photographs have a great artistic quality, in particular those of the old town of Tábor, and his booklet Kutná Hora on that town
Kutná Hora
Kutná Hora is a city in Bohemia, now the Czech Republic in the Central Bohemian Region.-History:The town began in 1142 with the settlement of the first Cistercian Monastery in Bohemia, Kloster Sedlitz, brought from the Imperial immediate Cistercian Waldsassen Abbey...

.

He was among the few professional photographers in the Bohemia
Bohemia
Bohemia is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands. It is located in the contemporary Czech Republic with its capital in Prague...

 experimenting successfully with the bromoil process
Bromoil Process
The Bromoil Process was an early photographic process that was very popular with the Pictorialists during the first half of the twentieth century...

 and Autochrome
Autochrome Lumière
The Autochrome Lumière is an early color photography process. Patented in 1903 by the Lumière brothers in France and first marketed in 1907, it was the principal color photography process in use before the advent of subtractive color film in the mid-1930s....

 processes.

Photo essays

Josef Jindřich Šechtl did most of his work in the limits of the Tábor
region of southern Bohemia. However, within these limits, he captured a number of important historical events, and portrayed in great detail life in the
Czech countryside. A number of his photo essays have been preserved, either
on glass plate negatives
Photographic plate
Photographic plates preceded photographic film as a means of photography. A light-sensitive emulsion of silver salts was applied to a glass plate. This form of photographic material largely faded from the consumer market in the early years of the 20th century, as more convenient and less fragile...

 or on nitrate films. Until 1911 the photo essays were done in collaboration with his father, Ignác Šechtl, and until the 1930s, with Jan Voseček.

Josef Jindřich Šechtl was, from 1927, among the first photographers in Czechoslovakia to use the Leica 35mm film
135 film
The term 135 was introduced by Kodak in 1934 as a designation for cartridge film wide, specifically for still photography. It quickly grew in popularity, surpassing 120 film by the late 1960s to become the most popular photographic film format...

 camera.

Selected photo essays preserved in the archive: Year
1901
Arrival in Tábor of Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph I,
Fourth Sokol Gathering in Prague.
1902 Regional Exhibition in Tábor,
1902-1903 Construction of the first electric railway from Tábor to Bechyně with inventor František Křižík
František Križík
František Křižík was a Czech inventor, electrical engineer and entrepreneur. The main belt asteroid 5719 Křižík was named in his honor....

. This photo essay led to later collaboration with Křižík's company.
1917 Rhythmic - modern open air dancing of Sokol. Sokol
Sokol
The Sokol movement is a youth sport movement and gymnastics organization first founded in Czech region of Austria-Hungary, Prague, in 1862 by Miroslav Tyrš and Jindřich Fügner...

 was banned during WWI.
1918
Arrival of President of Czechoslovakia Tomáš G Masaryk after WWI, one of the very first photographs of the President of the country.
1919-1920 Return of legionnaires to Czechoslovakia.
1920 Sokol Gathering in Prague 1920, Visit of President Masaryk to the 500th anniversary celebration of the town of Tábor.
1921
Visit of politician and future president of Czechoslovakia, Edvard Beneš, with several color photographs made using the Autochrome
Autochrome Lumière
The Autochrome Lumière is an early color photography process. Patented in 1903 by the Lumière brothers in France and first marketed in 1907, it was the principal color photography process in use before the advent of subtractive color film in the mid-1930s....

 process.
1934 Celebration of Czechoslovakia's success in soccer at the 1934 FIFA World Cup
1934 FIFA World Cup
The 1934 FIFA World Cup was the second FIFA World Cup, the world championship for men's national association football teams. It took place in Italy from 27 May to 10 June 1934....

.
1936
Olympic Games in Berlin, 1936.
1948 Communist May Day celebration.

Archive of the negatives

After the death of Josef Jindřich Šechtl the glass plate negatives remained stored in the building of the former Šechtl and Voseček studio and were inherited by his son Josef Šechtl. Josef worked as the head of the new syndicate into which the former Šechtl and Voseček studio was turned, and his wife Marie Šechtlová
Marie Šechtlová
Marie Šechtlová was a Czech photographer, one of the proponents of the "poetry of everyday" style.-Chronology:- Awards :...

 worked as an employee. The communist regime was afraid of what might be seen in Josef Jindřich's photo essays made during the Nazi occupation, and particularly worried that its own members might be revealed as having collaborated. The family was asked to pass the negatives to the "cultural house" (Dům Osvěty) but decided to keep them in private ownership. As a result, Josef Šechtl was arrested in November 1957 and jailed for one year (ostensibly for taking a photograph of a wedding without permission to practise as a photographer) and the majority of the archive was confiscated shortly afterwards. Marie Šechtlová was tipped off about the impending confiscation, and the night before it brought what she thought were the most important negatives into their new house. A considerable amount of the confiscated material was destroyed but the rest was stored in the Regional Archive in Tábor. In the 1970s the syndicate was relocated to the main square and the Tábor studio destroyed to allow the Hotel Palcát to be built in its place. This led to the destruction of most of the cameras, photographic prints and other items still in the attic of the building. The studio in Pelhřimov (an important example of functionalist architecture by Karel Chochola) survived but was significantly damaged by being abandoned and allowed to decay for years. A result of these events was that the work of Josef Jindřich Šechtl was rarely presented during the communist period.

After the Velvet Revolution
Velvet Revolution
The Velvet Revolution or Gentle Revolution was a non-violent revolution in Czechoslovakia that took place from November 17 – December 29, 1989...

 in 1989 the Pelhřimov studio was returned to Marie Šechtlová. A book that was already in preparation presenting photographs of Ignác Šechtl, Josef Jindřich Šechtl, Josef Šechtl and Marie Šechtlová was published. In 2004 a project to digitize and publish on the internet the surviving negatives by Šechtl and Voseček studios was started, and the private Šechtl and Voseček Museum of Photography was opened in Tábor.

Chronology

Year
1877, May 9 Josef Jindřich Šechtl born in Tábor
Tábor
Tábor is a city of the Czech Republic, in the South Bohemian Region. It is named after Mount Tabor, which is believed by many to be the place of the Transfiguration of Christ; however, the name became popular and nowadays translates to "camp" or "encampment" in the Czech language.The town was...

, at house #346, son of Ignác Schächtl
Ignác Šechtl
Ignác Šechtl , also known as Ignace Schächtl or Hynek Šechtl, was a pioneer of Czech photography and cinematography...

 (who later changed his name to Ignác Šechtl) and Kateřina Šechtlová née Šťastná. On the same day, [Jan Voseček] started work in Ignác’s photographic studio.
1880 Jan Voseček registered as a photographer's assistant in the census.
1895 Jan Voseček became a partner of Ignác Šechtl. The studio was named Schächtl & Voseček, later Šechtl & Voseček.
1895, November Šechtl & Voseček studio moved to the former studio of Alexander Seik
Alexander Seik
Alexander Seik , also known as Alex Sejk was a pioneer of Czech photography, one of foremost exponents of chromophotography, painter and mayor of city Tábor.- Biography :...

.
1892-1895 Josef Jindřich Šechtl studied in Šechtl & Voseček studios. Served out in 1895.
1897 and earlier Studied in studios of J. Vilím in Prague and František Krátký in Kolín.
1898-1899 Military service, originally part of Prague battalion #28, later moved to battalion 22 as "polní myslivec"; in 1899 he left service, as the only son and thus required to support his family.
approx. 1900 The Czech written form of “Šechtl” was starting to be used instead of the German form "Schächtl". Josef Jindřich Šechtl started work in Šechtl & Voseček studio.
1902 Šechtl & Voseček had a pavilion at the Regional Exhibition in Tábor. First large photo-reportage of Šechtl & Voseček studios. Both Ignác and Josef Šechtl cooperated in its preparation. Also, first photographs from sport events (Sokol
Sokol
The Sokol movement is a youth sport movement and gymnastics organization first founded in Czech region of Austria-Hungary, Prague, in 1862 by Miroslav Tyrš and Jindřich Fügner...

 exercises).
1904 Josef Jindřich Šechtl became a partner of Šechtl & Voseček studio.
1906 The affiliated company ”Šechtl & Voseček” opened in Pelhřimov
Pelhrimov
- Basic facts :Pelhřimov is located approximately half-way between Prague and Brno. It is known as “the Gateway to the Highlands“ because of its location in the westernmost tip of the Czech-Moravian Highlands. The altitude above sea level at the foot of the tower of the Church of St...

.
1906 Šechtl & Voseček studio participated in the Austrian Exhibition in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...

.
1906, April 4 Josef Jindřich Šechtl awarded official vocational certificate for photography (for his studies in 1892-1895).
1907, May 24 Blueprints accepted for new design of the Šechtl & Voseček studio at Nádražní street #316 (today 9 Května street) in Tábor. The new studio was advertised as being the largest in Southern Bohemia.
1911, July 7 Ignác Šechtl, founder of the studio, died in Tábor.
1911, August 21 Josef Jindřich Šechtl married Anna Stocká (born 21 May 1889) from Písek
Písek
Písek is a town in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has a population of 29 909 .-About:Písek is usually called "The Athens of the South", although Athens is much more southerly, because it has many high schools and schools of higher education, e.g. the Film School in Písek...

.
1912, September 12 Ludmila Šechtlová, daughter of Josef Jindřich and Anna, born.
1917, May 9 Šechtl & Voseček studio in Tábor significantly damaged by fire from neighbouring farmyard. Photo-essay about the fire and the following reconstruction were preserved.
1925, April 26 Josef Ferdinand Ignác Šechtl, son of Josef Jindřich and Anna, born in Prague
Prague
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...

.
1925, November 1 Anna Šechtlová, née Stocká, died in Tábor, aged 36.
1926, May 12 Josef Jindřich Šechtl married Božena Bulínová (born 20 January 1890 in Jivno
Jivno
Jivno is a village and municipality in České Budějovice District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 232 ....

).
1936, January 1 Jan Voseček, regarded as a member of Šechtl family, died in Tábor.
1948, May 15 Josef Ferdinand Ignác Šechtl married Marie Kokešová
Marie Šechtlová
Marie Šechtlová was a Czech photographer, one of the proponents of the "poetry of everyday" style.-Chronology:- Awards :...

, future photographer and partner in Šechtl & Voseček studio.
1951 Nationalization of the Šechtl & Voseček studio by communist government.
1954, March 17 Josef Jindrich Šechtl died in Tábor, aged 76.

Further reading

Albrecht, V. 25 roků ve službách černého umění. Praha 1930. Pages 52–53. Augusta, Pavel, and Hana Klínková, eds. Kniha o městě Tábor. Praha: Milpo, 2001. ISBN 8086098184. Český svět, č. 1-18., 1918. (Published photographs of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk with captions.) Krajíc, Rudolf, and Bohumil Smrčka. Tábor, jak jej fotografovali v letech 1876-1996 Šechtlovi. Tábor: Město Tábor, odbor školství, kultury a tělovýchovy 1997. Scheufler, Pavel. Galerie c. k. fotografů. Praha: Grada, 2001. ISBN 8024790440. Scheufler, Pavel, et al. Jižní Čechy objektivem tří generací. České Budějovice: Jihočeské nakl., 1989. ISBN 8070160071. Slovanský sokol, Cizinecký ruch. 1912. pp. 258–260. (Published photographs of Serbian Sokol
Sokol
The Sokol movement is a youth sport movement and gymnastics organization first founded in Czech region of Austria-Hungary, Prague, in 1862 by Miroslav Tyrš and Jindřich Fügner...

.)
  • Hubička, Jan; Musil, Josef, Šechtl & Voseček: A History of the Studio, Tábor: Marie Šechtlová 2009. ISBN 9788090432314, http://sechtl-vosecek.ucw.cz/en/publikace.html.

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
x
OK