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Herodian architecture is a style of classical architecture
Classical architecture

Classical architecture is the set of building styles and techniques of Classical Greece, as used in ancient Greece, the Hellenistic period, and the Roman empire....
 characteristic of the numerous building projects undertaken during the reign (37 BC - 4 BC) of Herod the Great
Herod the Great

Herod , also known as Herod I or Herod the Great , was a Roman Empire client state of Israel. Herod is known for his colossal building projects in Jerusalem and other parts of the ancient world, including the rebuilding of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, sometimes referred to as Herod's Temple....
, the Roman
Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC....
 client king of Judea
Iudaea Province

Iudaea was a Roman province that extended over the former region of the Hasmonean and Herodian kingdoms of Israel. It was named after the tetrarchy of Judea of which it was an expansion, the latter name deriving from the Kingdom of Judah of the 6th century BCE....
. Herod undertook many colossal building projects, most famously his reconstruction
Herod's Temple

Herod's Temple in Jerusalem was a massive expansion of the Temple Mount and construction of a completely new and much larger Jewish Temple by King Herod the Great around 19 BCE....
 of the Temple in Jerusalem
Temple in Jerusalem

The Temple in Jerusalem or Holy Temple , refers to a series of structures located on the Temple Mount in the old city of Jerusalem. Historically, two temples were built at this location, and a The Third Temple features in Jewish eschatology....
 (ca. 19 BC).

d introduced numerous architectural innovations and construction techniques in his buildings, such as the domes inside the Double Gate
Huldah Gates

The Huldah Gates are the two sets of now-blocked gates in the south wall of the Temple Mount, which is also one of Old City . The western set is a double arched gate , and the eastern is a triple arched gate ....
 to the Temple Mount
Temple Mount

The Temple Mount , also known as Mount Moriah and by Muslims as the Noble Sanctuary , is a religious site in the Old City of Jerusalem of Jerusalem....
.






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Cave of the Patriarchs
Herodian architecture is a style of classical architecture
Classical architecture

Classical architecture is the set of building styles and techniques of Classical Greece, as used in ancient Greece, the Hellenistic period, and the Roman empire....
 characteristic of the numerous building projects undertaken during the reign (37 BC - 4 BC) of Herod the Great
Herod the Great

Herod , also known as Herod I or Herod the Great , was a Roman Empire client state of Israel. Herod is known for his colossal building projects in Jerusalem and other parts of the ancient world, including the rebuilding of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, sometimes referred to as Herod's Temple....
, the Roman
Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC....
 client king of Judea
Iudaea Province

Iudaea was a Roman province that extended over the former region of the Hasmonean and Herodian kingdoms of Israel. It was named after the tetrarchy of Judea of which it was an expansion, the latter name deriving from the Kingdom of Judah of the 6th century BCE....
. Herod undertook many colossal building projects, most famously his reconstruction
Herod's Temple

Herod's Temple in Jerusalem was a massive expansion of the Temple Mount and construction of a completely new and much larger Jewish Temple by King Herod the Great around 19 BCE....
 of the Temple in Jerusalem
Temple in Jerusalem

The Temple in Jerusalem or Holy Temple , refers to a series of structures located on the Temple Mount in the old city of Jerusalem. Historically, two temples were built at this location, and a The Third Temple features in Jewish eschatology....
 (ca. 19 BC).

Innovations

Herod introduced numerous architectural innovations and construction techniques in his buildings, such as the domes inside the Double Gate
Huldah Gates

The Huldah Gates are the two sets of now-blocked gates in the south wall of the Temple Mount, which is also one of Old City . The western set is a double arched gate , and the eastern is a triple arched gate ....
 to the Temple Mount
Temple Mount

The Temple Mount , also known as Mount Moriah and by Muslims as the Noble Sanctuary , is a religious site in the Old City of Jerusalem of Jerusalem....
. He adapted the mikveh — a Jewish ritual bath — for use as the frigidarium
Frigidarium

A frigidarium is a large cold pool to drop into after enjoying a hot Thermae. The Caldarium and the Tepidarium opened the pores of the skin. The cold water would close the pores....
 in the Roman-style bathhouses in his many palaces. Herod also developed an innovative combination of palace and fortress; examples include the Antonia Fortress
Antonia Fortress

The Antonia Fortress was a military barracks built by Herod the Great in Jerusalem on the site of an earlier Hasmonean stronghold, named after Herod's patron Mark Antony....
 in Jerusalem and the Herodium
Herodium

Herodium or Herodion is a hill shaped like a truncated cone , located in the West Bank, southeast of Bethlehem and under control of Israel, built as a fortress palace by King Herod the Great....
 in the Judean Desert about 2 miles south of Bethlehem
Bethlehem

Bethlehem is a Palestine city in the central West Bank, approximately south of Jerusalem, with a population of about 30,000 people. It is the capital of the Bethlehem Governorate of the Palestinian National Authority and a hub of Palestinian culture and tourism....
. Characteristically, they have (or had) one tower higher and stronger than the others. Herod’s fortification innovations strongly influenced the military architecture of subsequent generations.

Herod avoided the representation of human and animal figures even in the closed and private parts of his palaces.

Herod's Temple

Main article: Herod's Temple
Herod's Temple

Herod's Temple in Jerusalem was a massive expansion of the Temple Mount and construction of a completely new and much larger Jewish Temple by King Herod the Great around 19 BCE....
.
In the eighteenth year of his reign (20–19 BC), Herod rebuilt the Second Temple
Second Temple

The Second Temple was the reconstructed Temple in Jerusalem which stood between 516 BCE and 70 CE. During this time, it was the center of Judaism worship, which focused on the sacrifices known as the korbanot....
 in Jerusalem
Jerusalem

Jerusalem is the capital of Israel and its List of Israeli cities in both population and area, with a population of 747,600 residents over an area of if Positions on Jerusalem East Jerusalem is included....
 on "a more magnificent scale". The new Temple was finished in a year and a half, although work on out-buildings and courts continued another eighty years. To comply with religious law, Herod employed a thousand priests as masons and carpenters for the rebuilding. The finished temple, which was destroyed by the Romans
Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
 in 70 AD, is often referred to as Herod's Temple
Herod's Temple

Herod's Temple in Jerusalem was a massive expansion of the Temple Mount and construction of a completely new and much larger Jewish Temple by King Herod the Great around 19 BCE....
. The Wailing Wall (Western Wall) in Jerusalem is the only section now visible of the four retaining walls built by Herod, creating a flat platform (the Temple Mount
Temple Mount

The Temple Mount , also known as Mount Moriah and by Muslims as the Noble Sanctuary , is a religious site in the Old City of Jerusalem of Jerusalem....
) upon which his Temple was constructed.

Major Herodian building projects


  • The Palace-fortress at Masada
    Masada

    Masada is the name for a site of ancient palaces and fortifications in the South District of Israel on top of an isolated rock plateau, or large mesa, on the eastern edge of the Judean Desert overlooking the Dead Sea....
     (37-31 BC)
  • The Palace-fortress at Herodium
    Herodium

    Herodium or Herodion is a hill shaped like a truncated cone , located in the West Bank, southeast of Bethlehem and under control of Israel, built as a fortress palace by King Herod the Great....
     (?? BC)
  • Complex of Roman public facilities, Jerusalem
    Jerusalem

    Jerusalem is the capital of Israel and its List of Israeli cities in both population and area, with a population of 747,600 residents over an area of if Positions on Jerusalem East Jerusalem is included....
     (?? BC)
    • Theater, amphitheater, hippodrome (Never found, may be fictitious)
  • The Royal Complex at Lower Herodium (Palace, Herod's Tomb, etc) (?? BC)
  • Three Winter Palaces, Jericho
    Jericho

    Jericho is a city located near the Jordan River in the West Bank of the Palestinian territories. It is the capital of the Jericho Governorate, and has a population of over 20,000 Arabs....
     (?? BC)
  • Caesarea Maritima and its harbor (25–13 BC)
  • First and second temples in honor of Augustus (locations unknown)
  • Third temple for Augustus, probably at Omrit
    Omrit

    Located in the northeast corner of the Hulah Valley in Israel/ edge of the Golan Heights, the ancient site of Omrit sits atop a foothill of Mount Hermon....
     (ca 20 BC)
  • The Temple Mount
    Temple Mount

    The Temple Mount , also known as Mount Moriah and by Muslims as the Noble Sanctuary , is a religious site in the Old City of Jerusalem of Jerusalem....
     (with Herod's Temple
    Herod's Temple

    Herod's Temple in Jerusalem was a massive expansion of the Temple Mount and construction of a completely new and much larger Jewish Temple by King Herod the Great around 19 BCE....
     and Antonia Fortress
    Antonia Fortress

    The Antonia Fortress was a military barracks built by Herod the Great in Jerusalem on the site of an earlier Hasmonean stronghold, named after Herod's patron Mark Antony....
    ), Jerusalem
    Jerusalem

    Jerusalem is the capital of Israel and its List of Israeli cities in both population and area, with a population of 747,600 residents over an area of if Positions on Jerusalem East Jerusalem is included....
     (ca 19 BC)


See also

  • Cave of the Patriarchs
    Cave of the Patriarchs

    The Cave of the Patriarchs is a series of subterranean caves located in a complex called by Muslims the Ibrahimi Mosque or Sanctuary of Abraham ....
  • Masada
    Masada

    Masada is the name for a site of ancient palaces and fortifications in the South District of Israel on top of an isolated rock plateau, or large mesa, on the eastern edge of the Judean Desert overlooking the Dead Sea....
  • Meleke
    Meleke

    Meleke ? also transliterated melekeh or malaki ? is a lithology type of white, coarsely crystalline, thickly bedded limestone found in the Judean Hills of central Israel....