Ghulam Murtaza
Encyclopedia
Ghulam Murtaza Urdu: غلام مرتضى, (Born:January 3, 1939), (SI(C)
Ph.D.
, DIC
, D.Sc.
, FPAS), is a Pakistani plasma physicist and mathematician
. He is the Professor
of Theoretical
and Plasma physics, and the director of the Physics
research institute, known as the Abdus Salam Chair in Physics
, at the Government College University
. Previously, Murtaza served as the Director of Center of Excellence for Solid State Physics at the Government College University from 2000 to 2006. Specialized in the Thermonuclear fusion
, Murtaza is known for his contribution to the field of Theoretical and controlled solar plasmas.
in 1947, Murtaza along with his family member migrated to Pakistan
. His family settled in Lahore
, West-Pakistan, where he completed his high school. In 1954, he was admitted to Punjab University
with a scholarship to study physics. In 1958, he received his B.Sc.
in Physics
, followed by M.A.
in Mathematics
from the Punjab University. The same year, he joined Government College University as a professor of undergraduate courses in Mathematics. In 1963, he went to the United Kingdom
for further higher studies with a Government scholarship.
In Great Britain, he attended Imperial College London
to continue his studies in advanced physics. During this period, world-renowned scientists such as Bertrand Russell
, Albert Einstein
, Julius Robert Oppenheimer, Abdus Salam
, and Wolfgang Pauli
to name a few, were teaching at the Imperial College London
. While at the Imperial College London, he met Doctor Abdus Salam
in a Physics lecture in which he asked Salam to supervise his doctoral studies. In 1966, Murtaza did his Ph.D.
in Plasma physics under the supervision of Salam. In 1967, he also obtained a D.I.C degree
in Science and came back to Pakistan where he joined Punjab University as an Associate Professor of Physics.
(PAEC) in 1960 as a "Principle Science Officer" (PSO). He was upgraded to Scientific Officer (SO), later he was promoted to Senior Scientific Officer (SSO). However, in 1966, after his doctorate in physics, he was transferred to Nuclear Physics Division (NPD), where he along with his mentor, Salam and Dr. Naeem Ahmad Khan
, had closely worked and produced numerous scientific papers and journals about their experiments and theories in theoretical physics. In 1969, Murtaza was sent to "Laser Group" headed by Dr. Shaukat Hameed Khan
, where he and Khan produces numerous scientific papers and journals about their discoveries in Plasma Physics. He played an important role in setting up the Plasma physics lab at the PAEC
. In 1969, dr. Murtaza left PAEC
and joined Punjab University
.
in Applied physics
, Murtaza came back to Pakistan for a short time being and joined Government College University of Lahore as a professor of Mathematics. In 1962, he resigned from his post and flew back to United Kingdom
. In 1969, Murtaza joined newly founded research university, Quaid-i-Azam University
's Institute of Physics as an associate professor of mathematics. In 1970, he became a distinguished professor of physics at the Quaid-i-Azam University while continued to teach mathematics at the institute. In 1990, he became a Chairman of Department
of Physics
and, in 1993, he was made Meritorious Professor of Mathematics at the Quaid-i-Azam University. He continued leading the Physics Department until 1997, when a well-known young and authentic nuclear physicist, dr. Pervez Hoodbhoy
was named to be the head of the Physics Department.In March 1996, he was appointed as a Dean, Faculty of Natural Sciences at the Qaid-e-Azam University. In 2000, Murtaza moved to Lahore where he was appointed as a director of Center of Excellence for Solid State Physics, which is also known as the Dr. Abdus Salam Center in Solid-State Physics Lahore, also at the Government College University. He kept his position till 2006. There Murtaza became senior Professor of Mathematics while heading the Mathematics Department at the Government College University. In 2006, he joined the University's Physics Department and became a professor of Plasma Physics. The same year, Murtaza became the director of the Abdus Salam Chair in Physics, where he launched research programmes in Physics, Electrical engineering, and Mathematics.
Murtaza is a distinguished student of Pakistan's only Nobel laureate Abdus Salam
. He is the recipient of a high civil award "Sitara-e-Imtiaz" which was awarded to him by the Prime Minister of Pakistan
. In 1986, he was awarded a gold medal
from the Pakistan Academy of Sciences
. In 1991, he was elected fellow of Pakistan Academy of Sciences
. He is a researcher in the field of Plasma Physics/Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion
, Elementary Particle Physics
and Solid State Physics. In October, 2004, he was appointed director of the Abdus Salam National Center for Mathematics (ASNCM). In 2003, he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Science (D.Sc.) from Higher Education Commission
(HEC). Recently, he joined the Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission
(SUPARCO) where he was in charge of Astronomy and Astrophysics Laboratory. He also represented SUPARCO at the International Year of Astronomy
.
Sitara-i-Imtiaz
The Sitara-i-Imtiaz , is the third highest honour and civilian award in the State of Pakistan. It recognizes the individuals who made an "especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of Pakistan, world peace, cultural or other significant public endeavors"...
Ph.D.
Doctor of Philosophy
Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities...
, DIC
Diploma of Imperial College
The Diploma of the Imperial College is an academic certificate awarded by Imperial College London to its postgraduate students upon graduation. Until recently, Imperial was part of the University of London and Imperial College bestowed the University of London's degrees as well as its own...
, D.Sc.
Doctor of Science
Doctor of Science , usually abbreviated Sc.D., D.Sc., S.D. or Dr.Sc., is an academic research degree awarded in a number of countries throughout the world. In some countries Doctor of Science is the name used for the standard doctorate in the sciences, elsewhere the Sc.D...
, FPAS), is a Pakistani plasma physicist and mathematician
Mathematician
A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study is the field of mathematics. Mathematicians are concerned with quantity, structure, space, and change....
. He is the Professor
Professor
A professor is a scholarly teacher; the precise meaning of the term varies by country. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a "person who professes" being usually an expert in arts or sciences; a teacher of high rank...
of Theoretical
Theoretical physics
Theoretical physics is a branch of physics which employs mathematical models and abstractions of physics to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena...
and Plasma physics, and the director of the Physics
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...
research institute, known as the Abdus Salam Chair in Physics
Abdus Salam Chair in Physics
The Abdus Salam Chair in Physics, also known as Salam Chair in Physics, is an academic physics research institute of the Government College University at Lahore, Punjab province of Pakistan. Named after Pakistan's only Nobel Laureate, Abdus Salam, the institute is partnered with Pakistan Atomic...
, at the Government College University
Government College University
Government College University, Lahore is a co-educational public university located on The Mall in Lahore, Pakistan...
. Previously, Murtaza served as the Director of Center of Excellence for Solid State Physics at the Government College University from 2000 to 2006. Specialized in the Thermonuclear fusion
Nuclear fusion
Nuclear fusion is the process by which two or more atomic nuclei join together, or "fuse", to form a single heavier nucleus. This is usually accompanied by the release or absorption of large quantities of energy...
, Murtaza is known for his contribution to the field of Theoretical and controlled solar plasmas.
Early life and education
Murtaza was born in Amritsar, British Punjab, British Indian Empire, in 1939, where he received his elementary education from there. After the partition of IndiaPartition of India
The Partition of India was the partition of British India on the basis of religious demographics that led to the creation of the sovereign states of the Dominion of Pakistan and the Union of India on 14 and 15...
in 1947, Murtaza along with his family member migrated to Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
. His family settled in Lahore
Lahore
Lahore is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich and fabulous history dating back to over a thousand years ago, Lahore is no doubt Pakistan's cultural capital. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains a...
, West-Pakistan, where he completed his high school. In 1954, he was admitted to Punjab University
University of the Punjab
University of the Punjab , colloquially known as Punjab University, is located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The University of the Punjab is the oldest and biggest University of Pakistan. The University of the Punjab was formally established with the convening of the first meeting of its...
with a scholarship to study physics. In 1958, he received his B.Sc.
Bachelor of Science
A Bachelor of Science is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for completed courses that generally last three to five years .-Australia:In Australia, the BSc is a 3 year degree, offered from 1st year on...
in Physics
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...
, followed by M.A.
Master of Arts (postgraduate)
A Master of Arts from the Latin Magister Artium, is a type of Master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The M.A. is usually contrasted with the M.S. or M.Sc. degrees...
in Mathematics
Mathematics
Mathematics is the study of quantity, space, structure, and change. Mathematicians seek out patterns and formulate new conjectures. Mathematicians resolve the truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proofs, which are arguments sufficient to convince other mathematicians of their validity...
from the Punjab University. The same year, he joined Government College University as a professor of undergraduate courses in Mathematics. In 1963, he went to the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
for further higher studies with a Government scholarship.
In Great Britain, he attended Imperial College London
Imperial College London
Imperial College London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom, specialising in science, engineering, business and medicine...
to continue his studies in advanced physics. During this period, world-renowned scientists such as Bertrand Russell
Bertrand Russell
Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, and social critic. At various points in his life he considered himself a liberal, a socialist, and a pacifist, but he also admitted that he had never been any of these things...
, Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of general relativity, effecting a revolution in physics. For this achievement, Einstein is often regarded as the father of modern physics and one of the most prolific intellects in human history...
, Julius Robert Oppenheimer, Abdus Salam
Abdus Salam
Mohammad Abdus Salam, NI, SPk Mohammad Abdus Salam, NI, SPk Mohammad Abdus Salam, NI, SPk (Urdu: محمد عبد السلام, pronounced , (January 29, 1926– November 21, 1996) was a Pakistani theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate in Physics for his work on the electroweak unification of the...
, and Wolfgang Pauli
Wolfgang Pauli
Wolfgang Ernst Pauli was an Austrian theoretical physicist and one of the pioneers of quantum physics. In 1945, after being nominated by Albert Einstein, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his "decisive contribution through his discovery of a new law of Nature, the exclusion principle or...
to name a few, were teaching at the Imperial College London
Imperial College London
Imperial College London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom, specialising in science, engineering, business and medicine...
. While at the Imperial College London, he met Doctor Abdus Salam
Abdus Salam
Mohammad Abdus Salam, NI, SPk Mohammad Abdus Salam, NI, SPk Mohammad Abdus Salam, NI, SPk (Urdu: محمد عبد السلام, pronounced , (January 29, 1926– November 21, 1996) was a Pakistani theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate in Physics for his work on the electroweak unification of the...
in a Physics lecture in which he asked Salam to supervise his doctoral studies. In 1966, Murtaza did his Ph.D.
Doctor of Philosophy
Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities...
in Plasma physics under the supervision of Salam. In 1967, he also obtained a D.I.C degree
Diploma of Imperial College
The Diploma of the Imperial College is an academic certificate awarded by Imperial College London to its postgraduate students upon graduation. Until recently, Imperial was part of the University of London and Imperial College bestowed the University of London's degrees as well as its own...
in Science and came back to Pakistan where he joined Punjab University as an Associate Professor of Physics.
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
Murtaza joined the Pakistan Atomic Energy CommissionPakistan Atomic Energy Commission
The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, , is an administrative governmental and autonomous science and technology governmental department of Pakistan, responsible for development of nuclear energy and development of nuclear power sector in Pakistan...
(PAEC) in 1960 as a "Principle Science Officer" (PSO). He was upgraded to Scientific Officer (SO), later he was promoted to Senior Scientific Officer (SSO). However, in 1966, after his doctorate in physics, he was transferred to Nuclear Physics Division (NPD), where he along with his mentor, Salam and Dr. Naeem Ahmad Khan
Naeem Ahmad Khan
Naeem Ahmad Khan , is a Pakistani nuclear physicist and meteorologist, known for his work to the fields of Solid-state nuclear track detector and Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance...
, had closely worked and produced numerous scientific papers and journals about their experiments and theories in theoretical physics. In 1969, Murtaza was sent to "Laser Group" headed by Dr. Shaukat Hameed Khan
Shaukat Hameed Khan
Shaukat Hameed Khan , , is a Pakistani nuclear physicist and a senior professor of nuclear physics at the Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology. He previously had served as the rector of Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology...
, where he and Khan produces numerous scientific papers and journals about their discoveries in Plasma Physics. He played an important role in setting up the Plasma physics lab at the PAEC
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, , is an administrative governmental and autonomous science and technology governmental department of Pakistan, responsible for development of nuclear energy and development of nuclear power sector in Pakistan...
. In 1969, dr. Murtaza left PAEC
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, , is an administrative governmental and autonomous science and technology governmental department of Pakistan, responsible for development of nuclear energy and development of nuclear power sector in Pakistan...
and joined Punjab University
University of the Punjab
University of the Punjab , colloquially known as Punjab University, is located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The University of the Punjab is the oldest and biggest University of Pakistan. The University of the Punjab was formally established with the convening of the first meeting of its...
.
Academic Career in Universities of Pakistan
In 1962, after his M.Sc.Master of Science
A Master of Science is a postgraduate academic master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is typically studied for in the sciences including the social sciences.-Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay:...
in Applied physics
Applied physics
Applied physics is a general term for physics which is intended for a particular technological or practical use.It is usually considered as a bridge or a connection between "pure" physics and engineering....
, Murtaza came back to Pakistan for a short time being and joined Government College University of Lahore as a professor of Mathematics. In 1962, he resigned from his post and flew back to United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
. In 1969, Murtaza joined newly founded research university, Quaid-i-Azam University
Quaid-i-Azam University
The Quaid-i-Azam University is a public, research university in Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan. It was initially founded as the "University of Islamabad" in July 1967...
's Institute of Physics as an associate professor of mathematics. In 1970, he became a distinguished professor of physics at the Quaid-i-Azam University while continued to teach mathematics at the institute. In 1990, he became a Chairman of Department
Academic department
An academic department is a division of a university or school faculty devoted to a particular academic discipline. This article covers United States usage at the university level....
of Physics
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...
and, in 1993, he was made Meritorious Professor of Mathematics at the Quaid-i-Azam University. He continued leading the Physics Department until 1997, when a well-known young and authentic nuclear physicist, dr. Pervez Hoodbhoy
Pervez Hoodbhoy
Dr. Prof. Pervez Amirali Hoodbhoy , is a Pakistani nuclear physicist, essayist and political-defence analyst. He is the professor of nuclear and high-energy physics, and the head of the Physics Department at the Quaid-e-Azam University . He graduated and also received PhD from MIT and continues to...
was named to be the head of the Physics Department.In March 1996, he was appointed as a Dean, Faculty of Natural Sciences at the Qaid-e-Azam University. In 2000, Murtaza moved to Lahore where he was appointed as a director of Center of Excellence for Solid State Physics, which is also known as the Dr. Abdus Salam Center in Solid-State Physics Lahore, also at the Government College University. He kept his position till 2006. There Murtaza became senior Professor of Mathematics while heading the Mathematics Department at the Government College University. In 2006, he joined the University's Physics Department and became a professor of Plasma Physics. The same year, Murtaza became the director of the Abdus Salam Chair in Physics, where he launched research programmes in Physics, Electrical engineering, and Mathematics.
Murtaza is a distinguished student of Pakistan's only Nobel laureate Abdus Salam
Abdus Salam
Mohammad Abdus Salam, NI, SPk Mohammad Abdus Salam, NI, SPk Mohammad Abdus Salam, NI, SPk (Urdu: محمد عبد السلام, pronounced , (January 29, 1926– November 21, 1996) was a Pakistani theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate in Physics for his work on the electroweak unification of the...
. He is the recipient of a high civil award "Sitara-e-Imtiaz" which was awarded to him by the Prime Minister of Pakistan
Prime Minister of Pakistan
The Prime Minister of Pakistan , is the Head of Government of Pakistan who is designated to exercise as the country's Chief Executive. By the Constitution of Pakistan, Pakistan has the parliamentary democratic system of government...
. In 1986, he was awarded a gold medal
Gold medal
A gold medal is typically the medal awarded for highest achievement in a non-military field. Its name derives from the use of at least a fraction of gold in form of plating or alloying in its manufacture...
from the Pakistan Academy of Sciences
Pakistan Academy of Sciences
The Pakistan Academy of Sciences The Pakistan Academy of Sciences The Pakistan Academy of Sciences (Urdu: پاکستان اكيڈ مى ﺁف سائس; shortened to PAS, is a learned society for science and technology based in Pakistan. The academy consisted and served as the network of science across the Pakistan as...
. In 1991, he was elected fellow of Pakistan Academy of Sciences
Pakistan Academy of Sciences
The Pakistan Academy of Sciences The Pakistan Academy of Sciences The Pakistan Academy of Sciences (Urdu: پاکستان اكيڈ مى ﺁف سائس; shortened to PAS, is a learned society for science and technology based in Pakistan. The academy consisted and served as the network of science across the Pakistan as...
. He is a researcher in the field of Plasma Physics/Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion
Nuclear fusion
Nuclear fusion is the process by which two or more atomic nuclei join together, or "fuse", to form a single heavier nucleus. This is usually accompanied by the release or absorption of large quantities of energy...
, Elementary Particle Physics
Particle physics
Particle physics is a branch of physics that studies the existence and interactions of particles that are the constituents of what is usually referred to as matter or radiation. In current understanding, particles are excitations of quantum fields and interact following their dynamics...
and Solid State Physics. In October, 2004, he was appointed director of the Abdus Salam National Center for Mathematics (ASNCM). In 2003, he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Science (D.Sc.) from Higher Education Commission
Higher Education Commission
The Higher Education Commission , formerly the University Grant Commission, is the primary regulator of higher education in Pakistan. It also facilitated the development of higher educational system in Pakistan. Its main purpose was to upgrade universities in Pakistan to be centres of education,...
(HEC). Recently, he joined the Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission
Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission
The Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission , is an executive agency of the Government of Pakistan, responsible for nation's public and civil space program and aeronautics and aerospace research...
(SUPARCO) where he was in charge of Astronomy and Astrophysics Laboratory. He also represented SUPARCO at the International Year of Astronomy
International Year of Astronomy
The International Year of Astronomy was a year-long celebration of astronomy that took place in 2009 to coincide with the 400th anniversary of the first recorded astronomical observations with a telescope by Galileo Galilei and the publication of Johannes Kepler's Astronomia nova in the 17th century...
.
Awards and Fellowships
- Sitara-e-Imtiaz
- Gold MedalGold MedalGold Medal is the sixth studio album by the American hard rock band The Donnas, released in 2004 on Atlantic Records. It was one of the first albums released in the DualDisc format, but was recalled due to a mastering error which resulted in the final track being partially omitted from the CD...
from Pakistan Academy of SciencesPakistan Academy of SciencesThe Pakistan Academy of Sciences The Pakistan Academy of Sciences The Pakistan Academy of Sciences (Urdu: پاکستان اكيڈ مى ﺁف سائس; shortened to PAS, is a learned society for science and technology based in Pakistan. The academy consisted and served as the network of science across the Pakistan as...
. - an elected Member, The American Physical SocietyAmerican Physical SocietyThe American Physical Society is the world's second largest organization of physicists, behind the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. The Society publishes more than a dozen scientific journals, including the world renowned Physical Review and Physical Review Letters, and organizes more than 20...
- Editor-in-Chief, Islamabad Journal of Science.
Scientific Papers and Publications
- Radiative Collapse in an impurity-seeded spinning gas-puff staged pinch, Plasma Physics, (Arshad M. Mirza, Zahoor Ahmad, N.A.D Khattak, G Murtaza)
- Study of Plasma Parameters in a Spinning Thick-Gas-Puff Staged Pinch, Plasma Physics, Arshad M. Mirza, Zahoor Ahmad, N.A.D Khattak, G. Murtaza.
- Impulsion Dynamics of a Dense q-Pinch Plasma Driven by Multicascade Linear System, Laser and Particle Beams, G. Murtaza, Zahoor Ahmad.
- Magenetohydrodynamic (MHD) Model for the Staged Pinch Plasma to Study Fusion Parameters and Comparison with Snow Plow Model, Physics of Plasma, Ghulam Murtaza.
- Thermonuclear Fusion with Multicascade Linear Staged Pinch Plasma and Mechanics, Ghulam Murtaza.
- Study of Fusion Parameters in Multicascade Linear System, Dr. Zahoor Ahmad, G. Murtaza, N.A.D Khattak.
- Light cone algebra in various (1974), Fortschritte der Physik, Volume 22, Ghulam Murtaza
- Three-dimensional solitons, Physical Review, (1979) by M.Z.Iqbal and A.H. Nayyar, G. Murtaza
- Nonlinear destabilization, Fluid Physics (1985) Volume 28, P.K.Shukla and M.Y. Yu, G. Murtaza
- New electron temperature-graduate, Fluid Physics (1989), P.K. Shukla and G. Murtaza
- Electron Thermal Conduction for nuclear radiation, Volume 33 (1991), Arshad M. Mirza, C. L. Cook, G. Murtaza and M.S.Qaisar.
- Duality of a young diagram in Linear Geometry (1973), Mathematical. Physics Journal, M.A. Rashid and G. Murtaza
- Electromagnetic instability in Plasmas, Physics of Plasmas (1996), Arshad M. Mirza, G. Murtaza and P.K. Shukl.
- Longitudinal oscillations and simple gravity pendulum, Physical Review (2003), N. A. D. Khattak, G. Murtaza and H. A. Shah
- Some electrosatic modes based on Plasmas and radiations, Physics of Plasmas (2004), S. Zaheer, G. Murtaza and H. A. Shah
- Adiabatic model for dust atoms and molecules by Ghulam Murtaza, Z. Ehsan, N. L. Tsintsadze, Abdus Salam National Center for Mathematics and Salam Chair in Physics, GCU Lahore, Pakistan
External links
- http://www.chowk.com/articles/8387
- http://users.ictp.it/~sci_info/News_from_ICTP/News_94/features_Pakistan.html
- http://aphds.hec.gov.pk/sup_sch_lists/supdetailview.asp?supid=450
- http://prr.hec.gov.pk/chapters/2209-0.pdf
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences Page on Murtaza
- International Astronomy Year 2009: page on Ghulam Murtaza