Fernando Primo de Rivera
Encyclopedia
Fernando Primo de Rivera y Sobremonte, 1st Marqués of Estella, 12th Count of Peña Vélez, 17th Count of Torres Rovellas, 23rd Count of Sobremonte (Sevilla, 24 July 1831 – Madrid
, 23 May 1921) was a Spanish
politician
, and soldier
.
Fernando Primo de Rivera was son of Antonio Hermenegildo Primo de Rivera y Sobremonte, 22nd Count of Sobremonte (1787-1833) and his wife Ana María de Torres Rovellas y Peña Vélez (1811-1865); she was daughter of Miguel de Torres Rovellas y Peña Vélez, 13th Count of Torres Rovellas, 8th Marquis of Peña Vélez (1764-1851). His grandfather was Bértrand Primo de Rivera (1741-1813), 21nd Count of Sobremonte: he was a Spanish general under the Spanish Resistance against Napoleon Bonaparte; his maternal great-great-great-great-grandfather was Carlos de Torres Rovellas, 12th Count of Torres Rovellas, governor of Quito. His ancestor was Fernando de Rivera, I Count of Sobremonte (1108-1201) a knight of German origins.
He served in several wars, including the 1848 and 1866 Madrid insurrections and the second Carlista
War. When forces under his command in the second Carlist War captured Estella
, he was named Marquess
of Estella. He was the Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines from 1880 to 1883. In 1897, he again became the Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines. He temporarily suspended hostilities in the Philippine Revolution
through negotiations with Emilio Aguinaldo
in the Pact of Biak-na-Bato
and acted briefly as Governor-General of the Philippines
. He was a Minister
and the 70th Prime Minister of Spain
for one day between 30 and 31 December 1874. He was created the 1st Marquess of Estella on 25 May 1877, the 1,124th Knight
of the Spanish Order of the Golden Fleece
and the 287th Grand Cross
of the Royal Order of Our Lady of the Concepcion of Vila Viçosa of Portugal
in 1879.
He married in Sevilla on 18 June 1857 María del Pilar Arias-Quiroga y Escalera (Sevilla, Alcolea del Río
, c. 1835 – 10 May 1894), 745th Dame of the Royal Order of Queen María Luisa, daughter of Juan Arias-Quiroga y Mejías, 7th Marquess of Arias-Quiroga and wife María Manuela de Escalera y Fernández de Peñaranda, daughter of Roberto de Escalera y Fernandez de Peñarada, 46th Lord of Peñarada, by whom he had no issue. He was also the uncle of Miguel Primo de Rivera
, the Spanish dictator
.
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
, 23 May 1921) was a Spanish
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
politician
Politician
A politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...
, and soldier
Soldier
A soldier is a member of the land component of national armed forces; whereas a soldier hired for service in a foreign army would be termed a mercenary...
.
Fernando Primo de Rivera was son of Antonio Hermenegildo Primo de Rivera y Sobremonte, 22nd Count of Sobremonte (1787-1833) and his wife Ana María de Torres Rovellas y Peña Vélez (1811-1865); she was daughter of Miguel de Torres Rovellas y Peña Vélez, 13th Count of Torres Rovellas, 8th Marquis of Peña Vélez (1764-1851). His grandfather was Bértrand Primo de Rivera (1741-1813), 21nd Count of Sobremonte: he was a Spanish general under the Spanish Resistance against Napoleon Bonaparte; his maternal great-great-great-great-grandfather was Carlos de Torres Rovellas, 12th Count of Torres Rovellas, governor of Quito. His ancestor was Fernando de Rivera, I Count of Sobremonte (1108-1201) a knight of German origins.
He served in several wars, including the 1848 and 1866 Madrid insurrections and the second Carlista
Carlism
Carlism is a traditionalist and legitimist political movement in Spain seeking the establishment of a separate line of the Bourbon family on the Spanish throne. This line descended from Infante Carlos, Count of Molina , and was founded due to dispute over the succession laws and widespread...
War. When forces under his command in the second Carlist War captured Estella
Estella - Lizarra
Estella or Lizarra is a town located in the autonomous community of Navarre, in northern Spain. It lies south west of Pamplona, close to the border with La Rioja and Álava....
, he was named Marquess
Marquess
A marquess or marquis is a nobleman of hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The term is also used to translate equivalent oriental styles, as in imperial China, Japan, and Vietnam...
of Estella. He was the Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines from 1880 to 1883. In 1897, he again became the Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines. He temporarily suspended hostilities in the Philippine Revolution
Philippine Revolution
The Philippine Revolution , called the "Tagalog War" by the Spanish, was an armed military conflict between the people of the Philippines and the Spanish colonial authorities which resulted in the secession of the Philippine Islands from the Spanish Empire.The Philippine Revolution began in August...
through negotiations with Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. He played an instrumental role during the Philippines' revolution against Spain, and the subsequent Philippine-American War or War of Philippine Independence that resisted American occupation...
in the Pact of Biak-na-Bato
Pact of Biak-na-Bato
The Pact of Biak-na-Bato, signed on December 14, 1897, created a truce between Spanish Colonial Governor-General Fernando Primo de Rivera and Emilio Aguinaldo to end the Philippine Revolution...
and acted briefly as Governor-General of the Philippines
Governor-General of the Philippines
The Governor-General of the Philippines was the title of the government executive during the colonial period of the Philippines, governed mainly by Spain and the United States, and briefly by Great Britain, from 1565 to 1935....
. He was a Minister
Minister (government)
A minister is a politician who holds significant public office in a national or regional government. Senior ministers are members of the cabinet....
and the 70th Prime Minister of Spain
Prime Minister of Spain
The President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
for one day between 30 and 31 December 1874. He was created the 1st Marquess of Estella on 25 May 1877, the 1,124th Knight
Knight
A knight was a member of a class of lower nobility in the High Middle Ages.By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior....
of the Spanish Order of the Golden Fleece
Order of the Golden Fleece
The Order of the Golden Fleece is an order of chivalry founded in Bruges by Philip III, Duke of Burgundy in 1430, to celebrate his marriage to the Portuguese princess Infanta Isabella of Portugal, daughter of King John I of Portugal. It evolved as one of the most prestigious orders in Europe...
and the 287th Grand Cross
Grand Cross
The phrase Grand Cross is used to denote the highest grade in many orders of knighthood. Sometimes the holders of the highest grade are referred to "knights grand cross" or just "grand crosses"; in other cases the actual insignia itself is called "the grand cross".Alternatively, in some other...
of the Royal Order of Our Lady of the Concepcion of Vila Viçosa of Portugal
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
in 1879.
He married in Sevilla on 18 June 1857 María del Pilar Arias-Quiroga y Escalera (Sevilla, Alcolea del Río
Alcolea del Río
Alcolea del Río is a municipality in Seville, Spain. In 2005, it had a population of about 3,331. It has an area of 50 square kilometers and population density of 66.6 people per square kilometer. It is situated at an altitude of 32 meters and is 53 kilometers from Seville....
, c. 1835 – 10 May 1894), 745th Dame of the Royal Order of Queen María Luisa, daughter of Juan Arias-Quiroga y Mejías, 7th Marquess of Arias-Quiroga and wife María Manuela de Escalera y Fernández de Peñaranda, daughter of Roberto de Escalera y Fernandez de Peñarada, 46th Lord of Peñarada, by whom he had no issue. He was also the uncle of Miguel Primo de Rivera
Miguel Primo de Rivera
Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, 2nd Marquis of Estella, 22nd Count of Sobremonte, Knight of Calatrava was a Spanish dictator, aristocrat, and a military official who was appointed Prime Minister by the King and who for seven years was a dictator, ending the turno system of alternating...
, the Spanish dictator
Dictator
A dictator is a ruler who assumes sole and absolute power but without hereditary ascension such as an absolute monarch. When other states call the head of state of a particular state a dictator, that state is called a dictatorship...
.