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The Order of the Golden Fleece is an order of chivalry founded in 1430 by Duke Philip III
Philip III, Duke of Burgundy

Philip the Good , also Philip III, Duke of Burgundy was Duke of Burgundy from 1419 until his death. He was a member of a cadet branch of the Valois dynasty ....
 of Burgundy
Duchy of Burgundy

The Duchy of Burgundy was a feudal territory once existing within the France in the Middle Ages. It roughly conforms to the modern Bourgogne. Existing between 843 and 1477, the Duchy was ruled by a succession of Duke of Burgundy, whose extinction with the death of Charles the Bold in 1477 led to the Duchy being absorbed into the French crown...
 to celebrate his marriage to the Portuguese
Portugal

Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic , is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Located in southwestern Europe, Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east....
 princess Isabel of Aviz.

Order of the Golden Fleece was modeled on the English
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
 Order of the Garter
Order of the Garter

The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry, or knighthood, originating in medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms; it is the pinnacle of the Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom....
, but dedicated to Saint Andrew
Saint Andrew

Saint Andrew , called in the Eastern Orthodox Church tradition Protocletos, or the First-called, is a Christian Twelve Apostles and the younger brother of Saint Peter....
. Philip had been elected to membership of the Garter in 1422, but had declined to avoid offending the king of France
Charles VII of France

File:Charles VII Franc a cheval 1422 1423.jpgCharles VII , called the Victorious or the Well-Served , was List of French monarchs from 1422 to his death, though he was initially opposed by Henry VI of England, whose Regent ruled much of France from Paris....
. Like the Garter it was restricted to a limited number of knight
Knight

File:Gothic armor 2.jpgKnight is the term for a social position originating in the Middle Ages. In the Commonwealth of Nations, knighthood is a non-heritable form of gentry....
s, initially 24 but increased to 30 in 1433 and 50 in 1516—plus the sovereign.






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The Order of the Golden Fleece is an order of chivalry founded in 1430 by Duke Philip III
Philip III, Duke of Burgundy

Philip the Good , also Philip III, Duke of Burgundy was Duke of Burgundy from 1419 until his death. He was a member of a cadet branch of the Valois dynasty ....
 of Burgundy
Duchy of Burgundy

The Duchy of Burgundy was a feudal territory once existing within the France in the Middle Ages. It roughly conforms to the modern Bourgogne. Existing between 843 and 1477, the Duchy was ruled by a succession of Duke of Burgundy, whose extinction with the death of Charles the Bold in 1477 led to the Duchy being absorbed into the French crown...
 to celebrate his marriage to the Portuguese
Portugal

Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic , is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Located in southwestern Europe, Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east....
 princess Isabel of Aviz.

Origin

The Order of the Golden Fleece was modeled on the English
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
 Order of the Garter
Order of the Garter

The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry, or knighthood, originating in medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms; it is the pinnacle of the Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom....
, but dedicated to Saint Andrew
Saint Andrew

Saint Andrew , called in the Eastern Orthodox Church tradition Protocletos, or the First-called, is a Christian Twelve Apostles and the younger brother of Saint Peter....
. Philip had been elected to membership of the Garter in 1422, but had declined to avoid offending the king of France
Charles VII of France

File:Charles VII Franc a cheval 1422 1423.jpgCharles VII , called the Victorious or the Well-Served , was List of French monarchs from 1422 to his death, though he was initially opposed by Henry VI of England, whose Regent ruled much of France from Paris....
. Like the Garter it was restricted to a limited number of knight
Knight

File:Gothic armor 2.jpgKnight is the term for a social position originating in the Middle Ages. In the Commonwealth of Nations, knighthood is a non-heritable form of gentry....
s, initially 24 but increased to 30 in 1433 and 50 in 1516—plus the sovereign. It received further privileges unusual to any order of knighthood: the sovereign undertook to consult the order before going to war; all disputes between the knights were to be settled by the order; at each chapter the deeds of each knight were held in review, and punishments and admonitions were dealt out to offenders, and to this the sovereign was expressly subject; the knights could claim as of right to be tried by their fellows on charges of rebellion, heresy and treason, and Charles V conferred on the order exclusive jurisdiction over all crimes committed by the knights; the arrest of the offender had to be by warrant signed by at least six knights, and during the process of charge and trial he remained not in prison but in the gentle custody of his fellow knights. The order was explicitly denied to "heretics", and so became an exclusively Catholic
Catholic

Catholic is an adjective derived from the Greek language adjective , meaning "whole" or "complete". In the context of Christianity ecclesiology, it has a rich history and several usages....
 award during the Reformation
Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation was a Christian reform movement in Europe. It is thought to have begun in 1517 with Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses and may be considered to have ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648....
, though the choice of the pagan Golden Fleece
Golden Fleece

In Greek mythology, the Golden Fleece is the fleece of the winged ram Chrysomallos . It figures in the tale of Jason and his band of Argonauts, who set out on a quest for the fleece in order to place Jason rightfully on the throne of Iolcus in Thessaly....
 of Colchis
Colchis

In ancient geography, Colchis or Kolkhis was an ancient Georgia , state monarchy and region in the Western Georgia , which played an important role in the ethnic and cultural formation of the Georgians and its subgroups....
 as the symbol of a Christian order caused some controversy.

The badge of the Order, in the form of a sheepskin, was suspended from a jewelled collar
Livery collar

A livery collar or chain of office is a collar or heavy Link chain, usually of gold, worn as insignia of office or a mark of fealty or other association in Europe from the Middle Ages onwards....
 of firesteels in the shape of the letter B, for Burgundy, linked by flints; with the motto "Pretium Laborum Non Vile" ("Not a bad reward for labour") engraved on the front of the central link, and Philip's motto "Non Aliud" ("I will have no other") on the back (non-royal knights of the Golden Fleece were forbidden to belong to any other order of knighthood).

With the absorption of the Burgundian lands into the Habsburg
Habsburg

The House of Habsburg was an important royal house of Europe and is best known as supplying all of the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors between 1452 and 1740, as well as rulers of Spanish Empire and the Austrian Empire....
 empire, the sovereignty of the Order passed to the Habsburg kings of Spain
Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
, where it remained until the death of the last of the Spanish Habsburgs, Charles II
Charles II of Spain

Charles II , was the last Habsburg Spain of Spain and the ruler of nearly all of Italy , the Spanish territories in the Southern Low Countries, and Spanish empire, stretching from Mexico to the Philippines....
, in 1700. He was succeeded as king by Philip of Anjou
Philip V of Spain

Philip V of Spain , born Philippe de France, fils de France and Counts and Dukes of Anjou, was king of Spain from 1700 to 1724 and 1724 to 1746, the first of the House of Bourbon dynasty in Spain....
, a Bourbon
House of Bourbon

The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. Bourbon kings first ruled Kingdom of Navarre and France in the 16th century....
. There followed a dispute between the Houses of Habsburg and Bourbon over the Golden Fleece, which resulted in the division of the Order into Spanish and Austria
Austria

Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
n branches. In either case the sovereign, as Duke of Burgundy
Duke of Burgundy

Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Sa?ne which in 843 was allotted to Charles the Bald's West Franks....
, writes the letter of appointment in French.

The American clothiers Brooks Brothers
Brooks Brothers

Brooks Brothers is the oldest surviving men's clothier in the United States. Founded in 1818. The privately owned company is owned by Retail Brand Alliance, a spinoff of Luxottica, and is headquartered on Madison Avenue in New York City....
 of New York, New York, derive their symbol and highest quality line from this Order.

The Spanish Order

Dukeofwellingtonsmall
Ferdinand I; Keizer Van Oostenrijk
The Spanish Order of the Fleece has been a source of controversy in the past, particularly during the Napoleonic
Peninsular War

The Peninsular War or Spanish War of Independence was a contest between First French Empire and the allied powers of Spain, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and Kingdom of Portugal for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars....
 period. The award of the Order to Napoleon and his brother Joseph
Joseph Bonaparte

Joseph-Napol?on Bonaparte, King of Kingdom of Naples and Kingdom of Sicily, King of Spain and the Spanish West Indies, Comte de Survilliers was the elder brother of French Emperor Napoleon I of France, who made him King of Naples and King of Sicily and later King of Spain....
 angered the exiled king of France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
 Louis XVIII
Louis XVIII of France

Louis XVIII , Louis Stanislas Xavier de France, was a King of list of French monarchs and List of Navarrese monarchs. The brother of Louis XVI of France, and uncle of Louis XVII of France, he ruled the kingdom from 1814 until his death in 1824, with a brief break in 1815 due to his flight from Napoleon I of France during the Hundred Da...
 and caused him to return his collar in protest. These, and other awards by Joseph, were revoked by king Ferdinand
Ferdinand VII of Spain

Ferdinand VII was list of Spanish monarchs twice, in 1808, and from 1813 to 1833 . He was also known as 'Ferdinand, the desired'.The eldest surviving son of Charles IV of Spain, king of Spain, and of his wife Maria Louisa of Parma, he was born in the vast palace of El Escorial near Madrid....
 on the restoration of Bourbon rule in 1813.

In 1812 the acting government of Spain illegally awarded the order to the Duke of Wellington
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington

Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Order of the Garter, Order of St Patrick, Order of the Bath, Royal Guelphic Order, Privy Council of the United Kingdom, Royal Society , was an Anglo-Irish soldier and statesman, and one of the leading military and political figures of the nineteenth century....
, an act confirmed by Ferdinand on his resumption of power, with the approval of the pope
Pope Pius VII

Pope Pius VII, Order of Saint Benedict , born Count Barnaba Niccol? Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, was Pope from March 14, 1800 to August 20, 1823....
. Wellington therefore became the first Protestant to be awarded the Fleece. It has subsequently also been awarded to non-Christians, like Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand
Bhumibol Adulyadej

Bhumibol Adulyadej , is the current Monarchy of Thailand. Publicly acclaimed "the Great" , he is also known as Rama . Having reigned since 9 June 1946, he is the world's List of longest reigning current monarchs current head of state and the List of longest reigning monarchs of all time monarch in History of Thailand....
.

There was another crisis in 1833 when Isabella II
Isabella II of Spain

Isabella II was List of Spanish monarchs She was Spain's first and so far only queen regnant, although she is sometimes considered the third Queen Regnant of Spain, as previous monarchs of Leon and Castile were counted as kings and queens of Spain....
 became Queen of Spain in defiance of Salic Law
Salic law

Salic law was an important body of traditional law codified for governing the Salian Franks in the early Middle Ages during the reign of King Clovis I in the 6th century....
. Her right to award the Fleece was challenged by Carlists
Carlism

Carlism is a Tradition#Traditionalism and legitimist political movement in Spain seeking the establishment of a separate line of the House of Bourbon family on the Monarchy of Spain....
 and the prestige of the Order inevitably suffered due to the political controversies of the period.

Sovereignty remained with the head of the Spanish house of Bourbon during the republican (1931-39) and Francoist (1939-1975) periods and is held today by the present king of Spain, Juan Carlos.

Members of the Order


  • Juan Carlos I, King of Spain
    Juan Carlos I of Spain

    Juan Carlos I is the reigning List of Spanish monarchs of Spain. His name, while rarely Anglicisation, is rendered as John Charles Alphonse Victor Mary of Bourbon and Bourbon-Two Sicilies....
     (b. 1938)
  • Carlos, Duke of Calabria
    Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria

    Infante Carlos of Spain, Prince of the Two Sicilies, Duke of Calabria is the son of Don Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria, Duke of Calabria and Princess Alicia of Bourbon-Parma ....
     (b. 1938)
  • Constantine II of Greece
    Constantine II of Greece

    Constantine II was King of Greece from 1964 until deposed in 1974, the sixth and last monarch from the House of Gl?cksburg. In Greece, he is usually referred to as "the former King" , or "the Former" , or simply "Gl?cksburg" ....
     (b. 1940)
  • Felipe, Prince of Asturias
    Felipe, Prince of Asturias

    Felipe, Prince of Asturias , is the third child and first son of Juan Carlos of Spain and Sofia of Spain of Spain. As the Prince of Asturias he is the heir apparent, meaning he is first in the line of succession to the Spanish monarchy....
     (b. 1968)
  • Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden
    Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden

    }|}Carl XVI Gustaf has been Monarch of Sweden since 15 September 1973. He is the only son of the late Prince Gustav Adolf, Duke of V?sterbotten and Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha....
     (b. 1946)
  • Jean, Prince of Luxembourg
    Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

    Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg ruled Luxembourg from 1964 to 2000. He is the father of the current Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, and the son of Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg and Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma....
     (b. 1921) Grand Duke of Luxembourg
    Grand Duke of Luxembourg

    The Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the sovereign monarch and head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was elevated from a duchy when placed in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands....
     (1964-2000)
  • Akihito, Emperor of Japan
    Akihito

    is the current of Japan, and the 125th Emperor according to Japan's list of Emperors of Japan. He acceded to the throne in 1989, and is the List of longest reigning current monarchs monarch or lifelong leader....
     (b. 1933)
  • Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands
    Beatrix of the Netherlands

    Beatrix has been the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since 30 April 1980, when her mother, Juliana of the Netherlands, abdication....
     (b. 1938)
  • Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark
    Margrethe II of Denmark

    }|-||}Margrethe II is the queen regnant of Denmark. Only very rarely is her name anglicized as Margaret II....
     (b. 1940)
  • Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom

    Elizabeth II is the queen regnant of sixteen independent states known as the Commonwealth realms: Monarchy of the United Kingdom, Monarchy of Canada, Monarchy of Australia, Monarchy of New Zealand, Monarchy of Jamaica, Monarchy of Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Monarchy of the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Sain...
     (b. 1926)
  • Albert II, King of the Belgians
    Albert II of Belgium

    Albert II is the current Monarchy of Belgium and a constitutional monarchy. He is a member of the royal house "of Belgium"; formerly this house was named House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha....
     (b. 1934)
  • Harald V, King of Norway
    Harald V of Norway

    }|-||}Harald V is the King of Norway. He succeeded to the throne of Norway upon the death of his father Olav V of Norway on 17 January 1991....
     (b. 1937)
  • Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
    Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha

    Simeon of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha or Simeon II of Bulgaria was head of state as the Tsar of Bulgaria from 1943 to 1946, when the monarchy was overthrown....
     (b. 1937) Tsar of Bulgaria
    List of Bulgarian monarchs

    This is a list of Bulgarian monarchs from the earliest historical records to 1946, when the monarchy in the country was abolished. Early Bulgarian rulers are believed to have used the title Khan , later possibly kniaz, and still later the title tsar....
     (1943-1946) and Prime Minister of Bulgaria
    Bulgaria

    The state of Bulgaria , Scientific transliteration Balgarija, officially the Republic of Bulgaria has played a significant role in the Balkans in south-eastern Europe for over fourteen centuries....
     (2001-2005)
  • Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand
    Bhumibol Adulyadej

    Bhumibol Adulyadej , is the current Monarchy of Thailand. Publicly acclaimed "the Great" , he is also known as Rama . Having reigned since 9 June 1946, he is the world's List of longest reigning current monarchs current head of state and the List of longest reigning monarchs of all time monarch in History of Thailand....
     (b. 1927)
  • Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
    Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

    }|}Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the head of state of Luxembourg. He is the eldest son of Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg and Princess Jos?phine-Charlotte of Belgium....
     (b. 1955)
  • Adolfo Suárez González
    Adolfo Suárez

    Don Adolfo Su?rez y Gonz?lez, 1st Duke of Su?rez, Grandee of Spain, Order of the Golden Fleece was Spain's first democratically elected President of the Government of Spain after the Spain under Franco of Francisco Franco, and a key figure in the country's transition to democracy....
    , Duke of Suárez
    Duke of Suárez

    Adolfo Su?rez was created Duke of Su?rez by King Juan Carlos of Spain in 1981 following his resignation as Spanish Prime Minister....
     (b.1932) Prime Minister of Spain
    Spain

    Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
     (1976-1981)
  • Abdullah, King of Saudi Arabia
    Abdullah of Saudi Arabia

    * Khaled bin Abdullah* Mutaib bin Abdullah* Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah* Faisal bin Abdullah* Sultan bin Abdullah* Turki bin Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz...
    . Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
    Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques

    Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques , a historical term, was a pious title taken by some Caliphs and now by modern Saudi kings....
     (b. 1924)


Austrian Order

Golden Fleece Dsc02934
Prince Albert 1842
The Austrian Order did not suffer from the political difficulties of the Spanish, remaining an award solely for Catholic royals and nobles. The problem of female inheritance was avoided on the accession of Maria Theresa
Maria Theresa of Austria

Maria Theresa was the List of rulers of Austria, List of rulers of Hungary, List of rulers of Croatia, Queen of Bohemia, Grand Duchy of Tuscany and a Holy Roman Emperor by marriage to Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor....
 in 1740 as sovereignty of the Order passed not to herself but to her husband, Francis
Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor

Francis I was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executed the real power of those positions. With his wife, Maria Theresa of Austria, he was the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty....
.

Upon the collapse of the Austrian monarchy after the First World War
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
, King Albert I of Belgium
Albert I of Belgium

Albert I was the third King of the Belgians from 1909 until 1934....
 requested that the sovereignty and treasure of the Order be transferred to him as the ruler of the former Habsburg lands of Burgundy. This claim was seriously considered by the victorious allies at Versailles
Paris Peace Conference, 1919

The Paris Peace Conference was the meeting of the Allied victors in World War I to set the peace terms for Germany and other defeated nations, and to deal with the empires of the defeated powers following the Armistice of 1918....
 but was eventually rejected due to the intervention of King Alfonso XIII of Spain
Alfonso XIII of Spain

Alfonso XIII , List of Spanish monarchs, posthumous son of Alfonso XII of Spain, was proclaimed King at his birth. He reigned from 1886-1931. His mother, Maria Christina of Austria, was appointed regent during his minority....
, who took possession of the property of the Order on behalf of the dethroned emperor, Karl of Austria. Sovereignty remains with the head of the house of Habsburg, but the present head, Otto von Habsburg
Otto von Habsburg

Otto von Habsburg has been the head of the House of Habsburg since 1922. He is the eldest son of Charles I of Austria, the last Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary,Croatia and Bohemia, and his wife, Zita of Bourbon-Parma....
, has transferred the sovereignty to his eldest son, Karl Habsburg-Lothringen
Karl Habsburg-Lothringen

Archduke Karl of Austria Prince Imperial of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia, is the son of Otto von Habsburg and Regina, Crown Princess of Austria and the grandson of the last Austrian emperor, Karl of Austria....
.

Members of the Order

  • Otto, Archduke of Austria
    Otto von Habsburg

    Otto von Habsburg has been the head of the House of Habsburg since 1922. He is the eldest son of Charles I of Austria, the last Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary,Croatia and Bohemia, and his wife, Zita of Bourbon-Parma....
  • Felix, Archduke of Austria
  • Rudolph, Archduke of Austria
    Archduke Rudolf of Austria (b. 1919)

    Archduke Rudolf of Austria is the youngest son of Emperor Charles I of Austria and Zita of Bourbon-Parma.He was born in Prangins, Switzerland where the Austrian Imperial family were staying after they had been sent into exile....
  • Heinrich, Archduke of Austria
  • Franz Salvator, Archduke of Austria, Prince of Tuscany (b. 1927)
  • Joseph Arpád, Archduke of Austria (b. 1933)
  • Franz, Duke of Bavaria
    Franz, Duke of Bavaria

    'Franz Bonaventura Adalbert Maria Herzog von Bayern' , styled as Duke of Bavaria, is head of the Wittelsbach family, the former ruling family of the King of Bavaria....
     (b. 1933)
  • Karl, Archduke of Austria
    Karl Habsburg-Lothringen

    Archduke Karl of Austria Prince Imperial of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia, is the son of Otto von Habsburg and Regina, Crown Princess of Austria and the grandson of the last Austrian emperor, Karl of Austria....
     (b. 1961)
  • Andreas Salvator, Archduke of Austria, Prince of Tuscany (b. 1936)
  • Karl Salvator, Archduke of Austria, Prince of Tuscany (b. 1936)
  • Lorenz, Archduke of Austria-Este, Prince of Belgium (b. 1955)
  • Michael Koloman, Archduke of Austria (b. 1942)
  • Michael Salvator, Archduke of Austria, Prince of Tuscany (b. 1949)
  • Georg, Archduke of Austria
    Archduke Georg of Austria-Hungary

    Archduke Georg of Austria Prince Imperial of Austria, Croatia, and Bohemia was born in Starnberg, the second son, and seventh and youngest child of Otto, Crown Prince of Austria and Regina, Crown Princess of Austria....
     (b. 1964.)
  • Carl Christian, Archduke of Austria (b. 1954)
  • Rasso, Prince of Bavaria
    Prince Rasso of Bavaria

    Prince Rasso of Bavaria is a member of the Bavarian Royal House of Wittelsbach....
     (b. 1926)
  • Albert II, King of the Belgians
    Albert II of Belgium

    Albert II is the current Monarchy of Belgium and a constitutional monarchy. He is a member of the royal house "of Belgium"; formerly this house was named House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha....
     (b. 1934)
  • Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
    Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

    Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg ruled Luxembourg from 1964 to 2000. He is the father of the current Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, and the son of Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg and Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma....
     (b. 1921)
  • Antoine, Fürst von Ligne (b. 1925)
  • Renaud, Vicomte de Chabot-Tramecourt (b. 1921)
  • Albrecht, Fürst von Hohenberg (b. 1931)
  • Karl, Duke of Württemberg
    Carl, Duke of Württemberg

    Carl, Duke of W?rttemberg is the current Head of the Rulers of W?rttemberg#Heads of the House of W?rttemberg since 1918.He was born in Friedrichshafen, Baden-W?rttemberg, the second son of Philip Albrecht, Duke of W?rttemberg and Archduchess Rosa of Austria, Princess of Tuscany ....
     (b. 1936)
  • Vincenz, Prince von und zu Liechtenstein (b. 1950)
  • Maria Emanuel, Markgraf von Meißen
    Maria Emanuel, Margrave of Meissen

    Maria Emanuel, Margrave of Meissen is the head of the Wettin .Born in Pr?fening Abbey, Pr?fening, Bavaria, Germany as son of Friedrich Christian, Margrave of Meissen, List of Margraves of Meissen and Princess Elisabeth Helene of Thurn and Taxis....
     (b. 1926)
  • Nikolaus, Prince von Lobkowicz (b. 1931)
  • Johannes, Graf Hoyos-Sprinzenstein (b. 1923)
  • Georg, Fürst von Waldburg zu Zeil und Trauchburg (b. 1928)
  • Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein
    Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein

    Hans-Adam II , is the currently reigning 15th Prince of Liechtenstein. He is the son of Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein and his wife Countess Georgina von Wilczek ....
     (b. 1945)
  • Clemens, Prinz von Altenburg (b. 1932)
  • Duarte Pio, Duke of Bragança (b. 1945)
  • Josef Hubert, Graf von Neipperg (b. 1918)
  • Georg, Duke of Hohenberg
    Georg, Duke of Hohenberg

    Georg, Duke of Hohenberg was born at Artstetten Castle, community of Artstetten-P?bring, Lower Austria, on 25 April 1929. He is the second son of Maximilian, Duke of Hohenberg and Countess Maria von Waldburg zu Wolfegg und Waldsee....
     (b. 1929)
  • Karl Johannes, Fürst zu Schwarzenberg
    Karel Schwarzenberg

    HSH Prince Karel Schwarzenberg is a Czech politician.Between July 1990 and July 1992 he worked as chancellor of Czech President V?clav Havel....
     (b. 1937)
  • Joseph, Archduke of Austria (b. 1960)
  • Max, Fürst von Khevenhüller-Metsch (b. 1919)
  • Aloys-Konstantin, Fürst zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (b. 1941)
  • Graf Czernin v. Chudenitz
  • Heinrich, Fürst von Orsini und Rosenberg (b. 1925)
  • Mariano Hugo, Fürst zu Windisch-Grätz (b. 1955)
  • Olivier, comte d’Ormesson
  • Johann Friedrich, Freiherren von Solemacher-Antweiler
  • Nikola, baron Adamovich de Csepin
  • Ernst, Count of Abensberg and Traun
  • Christoph Cardinal Schönborn Archbishop of Vienna
    Christoph Cardinal Schönborn

    Christoph Sch?nborn, Ordo Praedicatorum is an Austrian Cardinal of the Catholic Church and theology. He currently serves as Archbishop of Vienna and President of the Austrian Bishops' Conference, he also has bi-ritual faculties and serves as the ordinary for Eastern Catholics in Austria....
     (b. 1945)
  • Wulf Gordian, Baron of Hauser
  • Alexander, Count of Pachta-Reyhofen
  • Franz, Count of Czernin of Chudenitz


See also



Literature

  • Weltliche und Geistliche Schatzkammer. Bildführer. Kunsthistorischen Museum, Vienna. 1987. ISBN 3-7017-0499-6
  • Fillitz, Hermann. Die Schatzkammer in Wien: Symbole abendländischen Kaisertums. Vienna, 1986. ISBN 3-7017-0443-0
  • Fillitz, Hermann. Der Schatz des Ordens vom Goldenen Vlies. Vienna, 1988. ISBN 3-7017-0541-0


External links and footnotes