Duke of Lancaster

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Duke of Lancaster

There were several Dukes of Lancaster in the 14th and early 15th Centuries. See also Duchy of Lancaster
Duchy of Lancaster

The Duchy of Lancaster is one of the two Royal Duchy in England, the other being the Duchy of Cornwall, and is the personal property of the monarch....
.

There were three creations of the Dukedom of Lancaster.

The first creation was on 6 March 1351, for Henry of Grosmont, 4th Earl of Lancaster

Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster

Henry of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster , also Earl of Derby and Leicester, was a member of the English nobility in the 14th century, and a prominent England diplomat, politician, and soldier....
, a great-grandson of Henry III; he was also 4th Earl of Leicester

Earl of Leicester

The title Earl of Leicester was created in the 12th century in the Peerage of England , and is currently a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, created in 1837....
, 1st Earl of Derby

Earl of Derby

Earl of Derby is a title in the Peerage of England. The title was first adopted by Robert de Ferrers, 1st Earl of Derby under a creation of 1139....
and 1st Earl of Lincoln

Earl of Lincoln

Earl of Lincoln is a title that has been created eight times in the Peerage of England. It was probably created for the first time around 1143 as William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel, is mentioned as Earl of Lincoln in 1143 in two charters for the abbey of Affligem, representing his wife Adeliza of Louvain, former wife of Henry I of England...
.

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Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster

Earl of Leicester

The title Earl of Leicester was created in the 12th century in the Peerage of England , and is currently a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, created in 1837....
, 1st Earl of Derby

Earl of Derby

Earl of Derby is a title in the Peerage of England. The title was first adopted by Robert de Ferrers, 1st Earl of Derby under a creation of 1139....
and 1st Earl of Lincoln

Earl of Lincoln

John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster

John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Aquitaine was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third surviving son of King Edward III of England of England and Philippa of Hainault....
, who was both the 1st Duke's son-in-law and also fourth son of King Edward III

Edward III of England

Edward III was one of the most successful List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of Englands of the Britain in the Middle Ages. Restoring royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II of England, Edward III went on to transform the Kingdom of England into the most efficient military power in Europe....
. John had married Blanche of Lancaster, 6th Countess of Lancaster

Blanche of Lancaster

Blanche of Lancaster Countess of Derby was an English noblewoman and heiress. She was the first wife of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster and the mother of King Henry IV of England....
, daughter of the 1st Duke of the first creation. When the 1st Duke of this creation died, on 4 February 1399, the Dukedom passed to John's son, Henry of Bolingbroke, 1st Duke of Hereford

Henry IV of England

Henry IV was King of England and Lord of Ireland . Like other kings of England, he also claimed the title of King of France. He was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, hence the other name by which he was known, Henry Bolingbroke....
. Later that same year, the new 2nd Duke usurped the throne of England from Richard II

Richard II of England

Richard II was the eighth King of England of the House of Plantagenet. He ruled from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. Richard was a son of Edward, the Black Prince and was born during the reign of his grandfather, Edward III of England....
, ascending the throne as Henry IV, at which point the Dukedom merged in the crown.

The third creation was on 10 November 1399, for Henry of Monmouth, Prince of Wales

Henry V of England

Henry V was one of the most significant English warrior kings of the 15th century. He was born at Monmouth, Wales, in the tower above the gatehouse of Monmouth Castle, and reigned as King of England from 1413 to 1422....
, eldest son of the new king. In 1413, the 1st Duke ascended the throne as King Henry V, and the Dukedom merged in the crown again.

The Duchy of Lancaster

Duchy of Lancaster

The Duchy of Lancaster is one of the two Royal Duchy in England, the other being the Duchy of Cornwall, and is the personal property of the monarch....
continues to exist as a separate entity from the Crown Estate

Crown Estate

In the United Kingdom, the Crown Estate is a property financial portfolio associated with the British monarchy, that belongs to the reigning monarch ....
and currently provides income for the monarch, Queen Elizabeth II

Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom

Elizabeth II is the queen regnant of sixteen independent states known as the Commonwealth realms: Monarchy of the United Kingdom, Monarchy of Canada, Monarchy of Australia, Monarchy of New Zealand, Monarchy of Jamaica, Monarchy of Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Monarchy of the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Sain...
. The Sovereign is styled as Duke of Lancaster, regardless of gender, although it is an honorary title and a royal style. The Dukedom became extinct after Henry VI

Henry VI of England

Henry VI was Kingdom of England 1422?1461 and then 1470?1471, and King of France as the de jure monarch from 1422 to 1429....
as the original charter restricted it to 'heirs male'. Despite this, George V

George V of the United Kingdom

George V was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha....
approved the ongoing use of the title.

It is customary at formal dinners (especially in Lancastrian regiments of the armed forces) for the The Loyal Toast

The Loyal Toast

The Loyal Toast is the first Toast to be given at a formal gathering by the presiding person. The words used in the toast differ between countries and specific types of gatherings....
to the crown be announced as "The Queen, Duke of Lancaster".

Dukes of Lancaster, First Creation (1351)

Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster
Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster

Henry of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster , also Earl of Derby and Leicester, was a member of the English nobility in the 14th century, and a prominent England diplomat, politician, and soldier....
(1306–1361) (extinct)

Dukes of Lancaster, Second Creation (1362)

John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster
John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster

John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Aquitaine was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third surviving son of King Edward III of England of England and Philippa of Hainault....
(1340–1399)
Henry Bolingbroke, 2nd Duke of Lancaster and 1st Duke of Hereford
Henry IV of England

Henry IV was King of England and Lord of Ireland . Like other kings of England, he also claimed the title of King of France. He was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, hence the other name by which he was known, Henry Bolingbroke....
(1367–1413) (became King Henry IV in 1399)

Dukes of Lancaster, Third Creation (1399)

Henry of Monmouth, Prince of Wales, 1st Duke of Lancaster
Henry V of England

Henry V was one of the most significant English warrior kings of the 15th century. He was born at Monmouth, Wales, in the tower above the gatehouse of Monmouth Castle, and reigned as King of England from 1413 to 1422....
(1387–1422) (became King Henry V in 1413)