Earl of Lincoln
Encyclopedia
Earl of Lincoln is a title that has been created eight times in the Peerage of England
Peerage of England
The Peerage of England comprises all peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union in 1707. In that year, the Peerages of England and Scotland were replaced by one Peerage of Great Britain....

.

Earls of Lincoln, First Creation (1143)

  • William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Lincoln and 1st Earl of Arundel
    William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel
    William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Lincoln and 1st Earl of Arundel , also known as William d'Albini, was son of William d'Aubigny, 'Pincerna' of Old Buckenham Castle in Norfolk, and Maud Bigod, daughter of Roger Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk.-Marriage and Issue:The younger William was an important member...

     (c. 1109–1176)


The Earldom was created for the first time probably around 1143 as William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel
William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel
William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Lincoln and 1st Earl of Arundel , also known as William d'Albini, was son of William d'Aubigny, 'Pincerna' of Old Buckenham Castle in Norfolk, and Maud Bigod, daughter of Roger Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk.-Marriage and Issue:The younger William was an important member...

, is mentioned as Earl of Lincoln in 1143 in two charters for the abbey of Affligem, representing his wife Adeliza of Louvain
Adeliza of Louvain
Adeliza of Louvain, sometimes known in England as Adelicia of Louvain, also called Adela and Aleidis; was queen consort of the Kingdom of England from 1121 to 1135, the second wife of Henry I...

, former wife of King Henry I
Henry I of England
Henry I was the fourth son of William I of England. He succeeded his elder brother William II as King of England in 1100 and defeated his eldest brother, Robert Curthose, to become Duke of Normandy in 1106...

.

Earls of Lincoln, Second Creation (after 1143)

  • William de Roumare, Earl of Lincoln
    William de Roumare, Earl of Lincoln
    William de Romare , 1st Earl of Lincoln, 2nd Baron of Kendall, Lord of Bolingbroke....

     (1096–1155) (reverted to crown)


The Earldom was created for a second time by King Stephen
Stephen of England
Stephen , often referred to as Stephen of Blois , was a grandson of William the Conqueror. He was King of England from 1135 to his death, and also the Count of Boulogne by right of his wife. Stephen's reign was marked by the Anarchy, a civil war with his cousin and rival, the Empress Matilda...

 sometime after 1143 for William de Roumare
William de Roumare, Earl of Lincoln
William de Romare , 1st Earl of Lincoln, 2nd Baron of Kendall, Lord of Bolingbroke....

. However, in 1149 or 1150, as William had gone over to the side of Empress Matilda
Empress Matilda
Empress Matilda , also known as Matilda of England or Maude, was the daughter and heir of King Henry I of England. Matilda and her younger brother, William Adelin, were the only legitimate children of King Henry to survive to adulthood...

, the King Stephen took the earldom off him and made Gilbert de Gant
Gilbert de Gant, Earl of Lincoln
Gilbert de Gant, 1st Earl of Lincoln was an English nobleman who fought for King Stephen during The Anarchy.He was the son of Walter de Gant and Maud of Brittany...

 Earl of Lincoln.

Earls of Lincoln, Third Creation (about 1149)

  • Gilbert de Gant, Earl of Lincoln
    Gilbert de Gant, Earl of Lincoln
    Gilbert de Gant, 1st Earl of Lincoln was an English nobleman who fought for King Stephen during The Anarchy.He was the son of Walter de Gant and Maud of Brittany...

     (1120–1156) (reverted to crown)


The Earldom was created for a third time by King Stephen
Stephen of England
Stephen , often referred to as Stephen of Blois , was a grandson of William the Conqueror. He was King of England from 1135 to his death, and also the Count of Boulogne by right of his wife. Stephen's reign was marked by the Anarchy, a civil war with his cousin and rival, the Empress Matilda...

 in 1149 or 1150 for Gilbert de Gant
Gilbert de Gant, Earl of Lincoln
Gilbert de Gant, 1st Earl of Lincoln was an English nobleman who fought for King Stephen during The Anarchy.He was the son of Walter de Gant and Maud of Brittany...

, but on his death in 1156 it reverted to the crown.

Earls of Lincoln, Fourth Creation (1217)

The Earldom was created for a fourth time in 1217 for Ranulph de Blondeville
Ranulph de Blondeville, 4th Earl of Chester
Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester and 1st Earl of Lincoln , known in some references as the 4th Earl of Chester , was one of the "old school" of Anglo-Norman barons whose loyalty to the Angevin dynasty was consistent but contingent on the receipt of lucrative favours...

. He had no issue. In April 1231, with the consent of the King, he gifted the Earldom before his death to his sister Hawise of Chester
Hawise of Chester, 1st Countess of Lincoln
Hawise of Chester, 1st Countess of Lincoln suo jure , was an Anglo-Norman noblewoman and a wealthy heiress. Her father was Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester. She was the sister and a co-heiress of Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester. She was created suo jure 1st Countess of Lincoln in 1232...

, and she was were formally invested by King Henry III
Henry III of England
Henry III was the son and successor of John as King of England, reigning for 56 years from 1216 until his death. His contemporaries knew him as Henry of Winchester. He was the first child king in England since the reign of Æthelred the Unready...

 in Octoner 1232. She then gifted the Earldom, again with the consent of the King, to her daughter Margaret de Quincy
Margaret de Quincy, Countess of Lincoln
Margaret de Quincy, 2nd Countess of Lincoln suo jure was a wealthy English noblewoman and heiress having inherited in her own right the Earldom of Lincoln and honours of Bolingbroke from her mother Hawise of Chester, received a dower from the estates of her first husband, and acquired a dower...

 suo jure, and her son-in-law John de Lacy, Baron of Pontefract
John de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln
John de Lacy was the 2nd Earl of Lincoln, of the fourth creation.-Background:He was the eldest son and heir of Roger de Lacy and his wife, Maud or Matilda de Clere .-Public life:...

. They were formally invested by Henry III
Henry III of England
Henry III was the son and successor of John as King of England, reigning for 56 years from 1216 until his death. His contemporaries knew him as Henry of Winchester. He was the first child king in England since the reign of Æthelred the Unready...

 in November 1232. Their grandson, the third Earl, married Margaret Longespee. Their daughter Alice
Alice de Lacy, 3rd Countess of Lincoln
Alice de Lacy, suo jure 4th Countess of Lincoln, suo jure 5th Countess of Salisbury was an English peeress....

 inherited the earldom. She was the wife of Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster. They had no children and the earldom reverted to the crown on Alice's death in 1348.
  • 1217-1231 Ranulf de Blondeville, 1st Earl of Lincoln (1172–1232)
  • 1231-1232 Hawise of Chester, 1st Countess of Lincoln
    Hawise of Chester, 1st Countess of Lincoln
    Hawise of Chester, 1st Countess of Lincoln suo jure , was an Anglo-Norman noblewoman and a wealthy heiress. Her father was Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester. She was the sister and a co-heiress of Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester. She was created suo jure 1st Countess of Lincoln in 1232...

     suo jure (1180–c.1242) (received as inter vivos gift Apr 1231)
  • 1232-1240 John de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln
    John de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln
    John de Lacy was the 2nd Earl of Lincoln, of the fourth creation.-Background:He was the eldest son and heir of Roger de Lacy and his wife, Maud or Matilda de Clere .-Public life:...

     (1192–1240) (held jointly at the right of his wife - see below)
  • 1232-1266 Margaret de Quincy, 2nd Countess of Lincoln
    Margaret de Quincy, Countess of Lincoln
    Margaret de Quincy, 2nd Countess of Lincoln suo jure was a wealthy English noblewoman and heiress having inherited in her own right the Earldom of Lincoln and honours of Bolingbroke from her mother Hawise of Chester, received a dower from the estates of her first husband, and acquired a dower...

      suo jure (c.1206–1266) (received as inter vivos gift 23 Nov 1232)
  • 1272-1311 Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln
    Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln
    Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln was a confidant of Edward I of England.In 1272 on reaching the age of majority he became Earl of Lincoln...

     (1251–1311) (Earldom administered in wardship by his mother Alice of Saluzzo from 1266-1272)
  • 1311-1348 Alice de Lacy, 3rd Countess of Lincoln suo jure (1281–1348) (reverted to the crown as she died without issue)


The above list does not contain the men who became Earl of Lincoln by right of their wives who were Countess of Lincoln sou jure, except for John de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln
John de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln
John de Lacy was the 2nd Earl of Lincoln, of the fourth creation.-Background:He was the eldest son and heir of Roger de Lacy and his wife, Maud or Matilda de Clere .-Public life:...

. He is included in the above list because he was created Earl of Lincoln by royal charter (together with his wife Margaret de Quincy, Countess of Lincoln
Margaret de Quincy, Countess of Lincoln
Margaret de Quincy, 2nd Countess of Lincoln suo jure was a wealthy English noblewoman and heiress having inherited in her own right the Earldom of Lincoln and honours of Bolingbroke from her mother Hawise of Chester, received a dower from the estates of her first husband, and acquired a dower...

). The other men who became Earl of Lincoln by right of their wives were:
  • Walter Marshal, 5th Earl of Pembroke
    Walter Marshal, 5th Earl of Pembroke
    Walter Marshal, 5th Earl of Pembroke was the fourth son of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke who succeeded his childless brother Gilbert as the 5th Earl of Pembroke and Earl Marshal of England in 1242 a year after the latter's death...

    , married Margaret de Quincy
    Margaret de Quincy, Countess of Lincoln
    Margaret de Quincy, 2nd Countess of Lincoln suo jure was a wealthy English noblewoman and heiress having inherited in her own right the Earldom of Lincoln and honours of Bolingbroke from her mother Hawise of Chester, received a dower from the estates of her first husband, and acquired a dower...

     in January 1242, died November 1245
  • Thomas of Lancaster, husband of Alice de Lacy, became Earl of Lincoln on the death of his father-in-law in February 1311, died March 1322
  • Sir Ebolo Lestrange, married Alice de Lacy bef.November 1324, died September 1335
  • Hugh de Frenes, married Alice de Lacy bef.March 1336, died c.January 1337

As Earl of Lincoln these husbands had immense power with the right to control the estates of their wives.

The above list also does not include Margaret Longespee, the woman who was titled Countess of Lincoln by right of her husband Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln
Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln
Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln was a confidant of Edward I of England.In 1272 on reaching the age of majority he became Earl of Lincoln...

.

Earls of Lincoln, Fifth Creation (1349)

  • see Duke of Lancaster (1351 creation)
    Duke of Lancaster
    There were several Dukes of Lancaster in the 14th and early 15th Centuries. See also Duchy of Lancaster.There were three creations of the Dukedom of Lancaster....



The Earldom was created for a fifth time in the following year, 1349, when it was revived for Alice's brother-in-law Henry of Grosmont
Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster
Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster, 4th Earl of Leicester and Lancaster, KG , also Earl of Derby, was a member of the English nobility in the 14th century, and a prominent English diplomat, politician, and soldier...

, who was later created Duke of Lancaster
Duke of Lancaster
There were several Dukes of Lancaster in the 14th and early 15th Centuries. See also Duchy of Lancaster.There were three creations of the Dukedom of Lancaster....

. It became extinct on his death in 1361.

Earls of Lincoln, Sixth Creation (1467)

  • John de la Pole, 1st Earl of Lincoln
    John de la Pole, 1st Earl of Lincoln
    John de la Pole, 1st Earl of Lincoln was the eldest son of John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk and Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk. His mother was the sixth child and third daughter born to Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville...

     (1462–1487)


The Earldom was created for a sixth time in 1467 for John de la Pole
John de la Pole, 1st Earl of Lincoln
John de la Pole, 1st Earl of Lincoln was the eldest son of John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk and Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk. His mother was the sixth child and third daughter born to Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville...

. He was the eldest son of John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk
John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk
John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk, KG , known as "the Trimming Duke". He was the son of William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk and Alice Chaucer, daughter of Thomas Chaucer.-Life:...

, and Elizabeth of York
Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk
Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk was the sixth child and third daughter of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville....

. He predeceased his father and the title became extinct on his death in 1487.

Earls of Lincoln, Seventh Creation (1525)

  • Henry Brandon, 1st Earl of Lincoln
    Henry Brandon, 1st Earl of Lincoln
    Henry Brandon, 1st Earl of Lincoln was the youngest child and second son born to Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk and Mary Tudor, Queen of France, who was a daughter of Henry VII of England. Thus Henry Brandon was nephew to Henry VIII of England...

     (1516–1534)


The Earldom was created for the seventh time in 1525 for Henry Brandon
Henry Brandon, 1st Earl of Lincoln
Henry Brandon, 1st Earl of Lincoln was the youngest child and second son born to Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk and Mary Tudor, Queen of France, who was a daughter of Henry VII of England. Thus Henry Brandon was nephew to Henry VIII of England...

. He was the only son of Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk
Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk
Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, 1st Viscount Lisle, KG was the son of Sir William Brandon and Elizabeth Bruyn. Through his third wife Mary Tudor he was brother-in-law to Henry VIII. His father was the standard-bearer of Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond and was slain by Richard III in person at...

, by his wife Mary Tudor. He died at the age of eleven in 1534 when the title became extinct.

Earls of Lincoln, Eighth Creation (1572)

  • Edward Clinton, 1st Earl of Lincoln
    Edward Clinton, 1st Earl of Lincoln
    Edward Fiennes, 1st Earl of Lincoln, KG, also known as Edward Clinton was an English nobleman and Lord High Admiral.-Background:...

     (1512–1585)
  • Henry Clinton, 2nd Earl of Lincoln
    Henry Clinton, 2nd Earl of Lincoln
    Henry Clinton or Fiennes, 2nd Earl of Lincoln, KB was an English peer, styled 10th Baron Clinton from 1572 to 1585.-Life:...

     (1539–1616)
  • Thomas Clinton, 3rd Earl of Lincoln
    Thomas Clinton, 3rd Earl of Lincoln
    Thomas Clinton, 3rd Earl of Lincoln was an English peer, styled 11th Baron Clinton from 1585 to 1616.He was educated at Oxford University, from which he had his MA in 1588, and represented the constituencies of Lincolnshire in 1601 and Great Grimsby from 1604 to 1610...

     (1568–1619)
  • Theophilus Clinton, 4th Earl of Lincoln (1600–1667)
    • Edward Clinton, Baron Clinton
      Edward Clinton, Baron Clinton
      Edward Clinton, Baron Clinton was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1646 to 1648.Clinton was the son of Theophilus Clinton, 4th Earl of Lincoln, 12th Baron Clinton and his wife the Hon. Bridget Fiennes, daughter of William Fiennes, Viscount Say and Sele.In 1646 Clinton...

       (1624–1657)
  • Edward Clinton, 5th Earl of Lincoln (died 1692)
  • Francis Clinton, 6th Earl of Lincoln (1635–1693)
  • Henry Clinton, 7th Earl of Lincoln
    Henry Clinton, 7th Earl of Lincoln
    Henry Clinton, 7th Earl of Lincoln, KG, PC was the son of Francis Clinton, 6th Earl of Lincoln and his second wife Susan Penniston, daughter of Anthony Penniston...

     (1684–1728)
  • George Clinton, 8th Earl of Lincoln (1718–1730)
  • Henry Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne, 9th Earl of Lincoln
    Henry Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne
    thumb|right|"The Return From Shooting" by [[Francis Wheatley |Sir Francis Wheatley]] depicting The Duke of Newcastle, his friend Colonel Litchfield and the Duke's gamekeeper, Mansell along with four Clumber Spaniels....

     (1720–1794), succeeded as 2nd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne
    • George Clinton, Lord Clinton (1745–1752)
    • Henry Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, Earl of Lincoln
      Henry Pelham-Clinton, Earl of Lincoln
      Henry Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, Earl of Lincoln was a short-lived British politician, the second son of the 2nd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne....

       (1750–1778)
      • Henry Pelham-Clinton, Earl of Lincoln (1777–1779)
  • Thomas Pelham-Clinton, 3rd Duke of Newcastle, 10th Earl of Lincoln
    Thomas Pelham-Clinton, 3rd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne
    Major-General Thomas Pelham-Clinton, 3rd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne , known as Lord Thomas Pelham-Clinton until 1779 and as Earl of Lincoln from 1779 to 1794, was a British soldier and politician....

     (1752–1795)
  • Henry Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle, 11th Earl of Lincoln
    Henry Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne
    Henry Pelham Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne KG was a British nobleman and politician who played a leading part in British politics in the late 1820s and early 1830s.-Early life:...

     (1785–1851)
  • Henry Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle, 12th Earl of Lincoln
    Henry Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne
    Henry Pelham Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne KG, PC , styled Earl of Lincoln before 1851, was a British politician.-Background:...

     (1811–1864)
  • Henry Pelham-Clinton, 6th Duke of Newcastle, 13th Earl of Lincoln
    Henry Pelham-Clinton, 6th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne
    Henry Pelham Alexander Pelham-Clinton, 6th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne was an English nobleman, styled Lord Clinton until 1851 and Earl of Lincoln until he inherited the dukedom in 1864....

     (1834–1879)
  • Henry Pelham-Clinton, 7th Duke of Newcastle, 14th Earl of Lincoln
    Henry Pelham-Clinton, 7th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne
    Henry Pelham Archibald Douglas Pelham-Clinton, 7th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyme was an English nobleman, styled Earl of Lincoln until 1879.Henry was educated at Eton College and then Magdalen College, Oxford....

     (1864–1928)
  • Francis Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 8th Duke of Newcastle, 15th Earl of Lincoln
    Francis Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 8th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne
    Henry Francis Hope Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 8th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne was an English nobleman.He was educated at Eton College and Trinity Hall, Cambridge....

     (1866–1941)
  • Henry Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 9th Duke of Newcastle, 16th Earl of Lincoln
    Henry Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 9th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne
    Henry Edward Hugh Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 9th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne OBE, DL, JP , styled Earl of Lincoln from 1928 to 1941, was a British peer and aviator.-Background:...

     (1907–1988)
  • Edward Pelham-Clinton, 10th Duke of Newcastle, 17th Earl of Lincoln
    Edward Pelham-Clinton, 10th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne
    Edward Pelham-Clinton, 10th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne was an English nobleman.As he was unmarried, and there were no other direct male heirs through the 2nd Duke's line, on his death the title of Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne became extinct.He was the son of Captain Guy Edward Pelham-Clinton and...

     (1920–1988)
  • Edward Horace Fiennes-Clinton, 18th Earl of Lincoln
    Edward Fiennes-Clinton, 18th Earl of Lincoln
    Edward Horace Fiennes-Clinton, 18th Earl of Lincoln was an Australian engineer. In 1989, on the death of the last Duke of Newcastle, a very distant patrilineal cousin, he inherited the ancient Earldom of Lincoln.-Life:...

     (1913–2001)
    • Edward Gordon Fiennes-Clinton, Lord Fiennes (1943–1999)
  • Robert Edward Fiennes-Clinton, 19th Earl of Lincoln
    Robert Edward Fiennes-Clinton, 19th Earl of Lincoln
    Robert Edward Fiennes-Clinton, 19th Earl of Lincoln, FZS succeeded his grandfather, Edward Fiennes-Clinton, 18th Earl of Lincoln, in 2001.Educated at Pinjarra High School, he currently lives in Parmelia, Western Australia...

     (b. 1972). Lord Lincoln is a Fellow
    Fellow
    A fellow in the broadest sense is someone who is an equal or a comrade. The term fellow is also used to describe a person, particularly by those in the upper social classes. It is most often used in an academic context: a fellow is often part of an elite group of learned people who are awarded...

     of the Zoological Society of London
    Zoological Society of London
    The Zoological Society of London is a charity devoted to the worldwide conservation of animals and their habitats...

    .


The heir presumptive
Heir Presumptive
An heir presumptive or heiress presumptive is the person provisionally scheduled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honour, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of an heir or heiress apparent or of a new heir presumptive with a better claim to the position in question...

 is the present holder's younger brother the Hon. William Roy Howson (b. 1980). He assumed by government licence in 1996 the surname of Howson in lieu of Fiennes-Clinton.

The heir presumptive's heir apparent is his son Jordan Ryder Howson (b. 2004).

The Earldom was created for the eighth time in 1572 for the naval commander Edward Clinton, 9th Baron Clinton
Edward Clinton, 1st Earl of Lincoln
Edward Fiennes, 1st Earl of Lincoln, KG, also known as Edward Clinton was an English nobleman and Lord High Admiral.-Background:...

 (see the Baron Clinton
Baron Clinton
Baron Clinton is a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1298 for John de Clinton. The peerage was created by writ, which means that it can descend through both male and female lines. The first Baron's great-great-great-grandson, the fifth Baron, fought on the Yorkist side in the Wars...

 for earlier history of the family). He served as Lord High Admiral
Admiralty
The Admiralty was formerly the authority in the Kingdom of England, and later in the United Kingdom, responsible for the command of the Royal Navy...

 under Edward VI
Edward VI of England
Edward VI was the King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death. He was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine. The son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, Edward was the third monarch of the Tudor dynasty and England's first monarch who was raised as a Protestant...

, Mary I
Mary I of England
Mary I was queen regnant of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death.She was the only surviving child born of the ill-fated marriage of Henry VIII and his first wife Catherine of Aragon. Her younger half-brother, Edward VI, succeeded Henry in 1547...

 and Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I of England
Elizabeth I was queen regnant of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty...

. He was succeeded by his son, the second Earl. He represented Launceston
Launceston (UK Parliament constituency)
Launceston, also known at some periods as Dunheved, was a parliamentary constituency in Cornwall which returned two Members of Parliament to the British House of Commons from 1295 until 1832, and one member from 1832 until 1918...

 and Lancashire
Lancashire (UK Parliament constituency)
Lancashire was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England from 1290, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832...

 in the House of Commons
British House of Commons
The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords . Both Commons and Lords meet in the Palace of Westminster. The Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 650 members , who are known as Members...

. His son, the third Earl, sat as Member of Parliament
Member of Parliament
A Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...

 for Great Grimsby
Great Grimsby (UK Parliament constituency)
Great Grimsby is a borough constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, consisting of the town of Grimsby in North East Lincolnshire. It elects one Member of Parliament by the first past the post system of election...

 and Lincolnshire. In 1610 he was summoned to the House of Lords
House of Lords
The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster....

 through a writ of acceleration
Writ of acceleration
A writ in acceleration, commonly called a writ of acceleration, was a type of writ of summons to the British House of Lords that enabled the eldest son and heir apparent of a peer with multiple peerage titles to attend the British House of Lords or Irish House of Lords, using one of his father's...

 in his father's junior title of Baron Clinton.

His great-grandson, the fifth Earl, died without surviving issue in 1692 when the earldom and barony separated. The barony fell into abeyance
Abeyance
Abeyance is a state of expectancy in respect of property, titles or office, when the right to them is not vested in any one person, but awaits the appearance or determination of the true owner. In law, the term abeyance can only be applied to such future estates as have not yet vested or possibly...

 between his aunts (see the Baron Clinton for further history of this title). He was succeeded in the earldom by his second cousin once removed, the sixth Earl. He was the grandson of Sir Edward Clinton, second son of the second Earl. His son, the seventh Earl, served as Paymaster of the Forces
Paymaster of the Forces
The Paymaster of the Forces was a position in the British government. The office, which was established 1661 after the Restoration, was responsible for part of the financing of the British Army. The first to hold the office was Sir Stephen Fox. Before his time it had been the custom to appoint...

, as Constable of the Tower
Constable of the Tower
The Constable of the Tower is the most senior appointment at the Tower of London. In the middle ages a constable was the person in charge of a castle when the owner - the king or a nobleman - was not in residence...

 and as Cofferer of the Household
Cofferer of the Household
The Cofferer of the Household was formerly an office in the English and British Royal Household.The holder had special charge over other officers of the household and was an officer of state and a member of the Privy Council and the Board of Green Cloth....

. Lord Lincoln married Lucy Sydney (d. 1736), daughter of Robert Sydney, 2nd Earl of Leicester (see the Earl of Chichester
Earl of Chichester
Earl of Chichester is a title that has been created three times in British history. It was created for the first time in the Peerage of England in 1644 when Francis Leigh, 1st Baron Dunsmore, was made Earl of Chichester, in the County of Sussex, with remainder to his son-in-law Thomas Wriothesley,...

 for earlier history of the Pelham
Pelham
-Surname:* British Whig politicians:** Thomas Pelham, 1st Baron Pelham and his sons, both Prime Ministers of Great Britain** Henry Pelham ** Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne * American artistic family:...

 family).

His eldest son, the eighth Earl, died as a child and was succeeded by his younger brother, the ninth Earl. He was Cofferer of the Household and Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire
Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire
This is a list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire. Since 1694, all Lords Lieutenant have also been Custos Rotulorum of Nottinghamshire.*Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland 1552–1563?*Edward Manners, 3rd Earl of Rutland 1574–1587?...

 and Cambridgeshire
Lord Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire
This is a list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire. The title Lord Lieutenant is given to the British monarch's personal representative in the counties of the United Kingdom. The Lord Lieutenant is supported by a Vice Lord Lieutenant and Deputy Lieutenants which he or...

. He married his first cousin Catherine Pelham (d. 1760), daughter and heiress of Henry Pelham. In 1756 his uncle the Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne was created Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne, with remainder to his nephew Lord Lincoln, and on the Duke's death in 1768 Lincoln succeeded as second Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne according to the special remainder. He assumed by Royal license the additional surname of Pelham the same year.

The Duke's two elder sons, George Pelham-Clinton, Lord Clinton, and Henry Pelham-Clinton, Earl of Lincoln
Henry Pelham-Clinton, Earl of Lincoln
Henry Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, Earl of Lincoln was a short-lived British politician, the second son of the 2nd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne....

, both predeceased him. He was therefore succeeded by his third son, the third Duke. He was a Major-General in the Army. On his early death the titles passed to his son, the fourth Duke. He served as Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire from 1809 to 1839. He was succeeded by his son, the fifth Duke. He was a prominent politician and held office as Chief Secretary for Ireland
Chief Secretary for Ireland
The Chief Secretary for Ireland was a key political office in the British administration in Ireland. Nominally subordinate to the Lord Lieutenant, from the late 18th century until the end of British rule he was effectively the government minister with responsibility for governing Ireland; usually...

, as Secretary of State for the Colonies
Secretary of State for the Colonies
The Secretary of State for the Colonies or Colonial Secretary was the British Cabinet minister in charge of managing the United Kingdom's various colonial dependencies....

 and as Secretary of State for War
Secretary of State for War
The position of Secretary of State for War, commonly called War Secretary, was a British cabinet-level position, first held by Henry Dundas . In 1801 the post became that of Secretary of State for War and the Colonies. The position was re-instated in 1854...

. His eldest son, the sixth Duke, briefly represented Newark
Newark (UK Parliament constituency)
Newark is a county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Since 1885, it has elected one Member of Parliament by the first past the post system of election....

 in the House of Commons. The Duke married Henrietta Adele, the wealthy heiress and daughter of Henry Thomas Hope.

He was succeeded by his eldest son, the seventh Duke, who died childless and was succeeded by his younger brother. In 1881 the eighth Duke assumed by Royal Licence the additional surname of Hope on inheriting the substantial Hope estates through his paternal grandmother. On his death the titles passed to his only son, the ninth Duke. He had two daughters but no sons and was succeeded by his third cousin, the tenth Duke. He was the great-grandson of Lord Charles Pelham-Clinton, second son of the fourth Duke. He died unmarried in December 1988, having held the titles for only a month. On his death the dukedom became extinct while he was succeeded in the earldom by his distant relative, the eighteenth Earl, a descendant in the tenth-generation of the Hon. Sir Henry Fynes-Clinton, third son of the second Earl. Lord Lincoln lived all his life in Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...

, and reportedly learned of his succession from a British newspaper. He wrote a book: Memoirs of an Embryo Earl. The eighteenth Earl died in 2001 and was succeeded by his grandson, whose father had died in 1999. The nineteenth Earl is a Fellow
Fellow
A fellow in the broadest sense is someone who is an equal or a comrade. The term fellow is also used to describe a person, particularly by those in the upper social classes. It is most often used in an academic context: a fellow is often part of an elite group of learned people who are awarded...

 of the Zoological Society of London
Zoological Society of London
The Zoological Society of London is a charity devoted to the worldwide conservation of animals and their habitats...

, and still lives in Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...

.

Several other members of the Clinton family have also gained distinction. Edward Clinton, Lord Clinton
Baron Clinton
Baron Clinton is a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1298 for John de Clinton. The peerage was created by writ, which means that it can descend through both male and female lines. The first Baron's great-great-great-grandson, the fifth Baron, fought on the Yorkist side in the Wars...

, son of the fourth Earl, was Member of Parliament for Callington
Callington (UK Parliament constituency)
Callington was a rotten borough in Cornwall which returned two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons in the English and later British Parliament from 1585 to 1832, when it was abolished by the Reform Act 1832.-History:...

. The Hon. George Clinton
George Clinton (British politician)
Admiral of the Fleet The Hon. George Clinton was a British naval officer and political leader who served as the colonial governor of Newfoundland in 1731 and of New York from 1743 to 1753....

, youngest son of the sixth Earl of Lincoln, was a Naval Commander, politician and Colonial administrator. His son General Sir Henry Clinton was Commander-in-Chief of the British in North America
Commander-in-Chief, North America
The office of Commander-in-Chief, North America was a military position of the British Army. Established in 1755 in the early years of the Seven Years' War, holders of the post were generally responsible for land-based military personnel and activities in and around those parts of North America...

 from 1778 to 1782. His sons General Sir William Henry Clinton
William Henry Clinton
General Sir William Henry Clinton GCB was a British general during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars as well as the First Miguelist War...

 and Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Clinton
Henry Clinton (Napoleonic Wars)
Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Clinton, GCB, GCH was a British Army officer and a general officer during the Napoleonic Wars.He came from a family of soldiers...

 were also successful military commanders. Lord Edward Pelham-Clinton
Lord Edward Pelham-Clinton
Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Edward William Pelham-Clinton GCVO KCB was a British Liberal Party politician.Pelham-Clinton was educated at Eton College and left in 1853. He joined the Rifle Brigade as an Ensign in 1854 and served in the Crimea after the fall of Sebastopol. He reached the rank of Captain...

, GCVO, second son of the fifth Duke, was a soldier and courtier.

The seat of the Dukes of Newcastle was Clumber House
Clumber Park
Clumber Park is a country park in the Dukeries near Worksop in Nottinghamshire, England. It was the seat of the Pelham-Clintons, Dukes of Newcastle.It is owned by the National Trust and open to the public.-History:...

 near Worksop
Worksop
Worksop is the largest town in the Bassetlaw district of Nottinghamshire, England on the River Ryton at the northern edge of Sherwood Forest. It is about east-south-east of the City of Sheffield and its population is estimated to be 39,800...

, Nottinghamshire
Nottinghamshire
Nottinghamshire is a county in the East Midlands of England, bordering South Yorkshire to the north-west, Lincolnshire to the east, Leicestershire to the south, and Derbyshire to the west...

. However, the house was demolished in 1938. The surrounding estate was sold to the National Trust in 1946 and is now a country park open to the public.

An extensive collection of papers of the Pelham-Clinton Dukes of Newcastle-under-Lyne has been deposited at the department of Manuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham
Manuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham
Manuscripts and Special Collections is part of Information Services at the University of Nottingham. It is based at King's Meadow Campus in Nottingham in England...

.

See also

  • Duke of Lancaster
    Duke of Lancaster
    There were several Dukes of Lancaster in the 14th and early 15th Centuries. See also Duchy of Lancaster.There were three creations of the Dukedom of Lancaster....

  • Duke of Suffolk
    Duke of Suffolk
    Duke of Suffolk is a title that has been created three times in British history, all three times in the Peerage of England.The third creation of the dukedom of Suffolk was for Henry Grey, 3rd Marquess of Dorset, in 1551. The duke also held the title Baron Ferrers of Groby...

  • Baron Clinton
    Baron Clinton
    Baron Clinton is a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1298 for John de Clinton. The peerage was created by writ, which means that it can descend through both male and female lines. The first Baron's great-great-great-grandson, the fifth Baron, fought on the Yorkist side in the Wars...

  • Earl of Chichester
    Earl of Chichester
    Earl of Chichester is a title that has been created three times in British history. It was created for the first time in the Peerage of England in 1644 when Francis Leigh, 1st Baron Dunsmore, was made Earl of Chichester, in the County of Sussex, with remainder to his son-in-law Thomas Wriothesley,...

  • Duke of Newcastle
    Duke of Newcastle
    Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne is a title which has been created three times in British history while the title of Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne has been created once. The title was created for the first time in the Peerage of England in 1664 when William Cavendish, 1st Marquess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne...

  • Henry Pelham
    Henry Pelham
    Henry Pelham was a British Whig statesman, who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain from 27 August 1743 until his death in 1754...


External links

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