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The title of Earl of Richmond
Richmondshire

Richmondshire is a Non-metropolitan district of North Yorkshire, England. It covers a large northern area of the Yorkshire Dales, including Swaledale and Wensleydale and includes the major settlements of:...
 was created many times in the Peerage
Peerage

The Peerage is a system of titles of nobility in the United Kingdom, part of the British honours system. The term is used both collectively to refer to the entire body of titles, and individually to refer to a specific title....
 of England
Peerage of England

The Peerage of England comprises all peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union 1707 in 1707. In that year, the Peerages of England and Peerage of Scotland were replaced by one Peerage of Great Britain....
. The earldom of Richmond was held by various Bretons, Normans, the royal families of Plantagenet, Capet, Savoy, Tudor and Stewart.

title appears to have been in existence in England a considerable time before it was held in accordance with any strict legal principle. Alan Le Roux (c. 1040-1089), was a Breton
Brittany

Brittany is a former independent Celtic nations monarchy and duchy, now incorporated into France. It is also, more generally, the name of the cultural area whose limits correspond to the historic province and independent duchy....
 relative of Geoffrey of Brittany
Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany

Geoffrey I of Rennes was duke of Brittany, from 992 to his death. He was son of Duke Conan I, Duke of Brittany and Ermengarde of Anjou, Duchess of Brittany, whose parents were Geoffrey I of Anjou and Adele of Meaux....
.






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The title of Earl of Richmond
Richmondshire

Richmondshire is a Non-metropolitan district of North Yorkshire, England. It covers a large northern area of the Yorkshire Dales, including Swaledale and Wensleydale and includes the major settlements of:...
 was created many times in the Peerage
Peerage

The Peerage is a system of titles of nobility in the United Kingdom, part of the British honours system. The term is used both collectively to refer to the entire body of titles, and individually to refer to a specific title....
 of England
Peerage of England

The Peerage of England comprises all peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union 1707 in 1707. In that year, the Peerages of England and Peerage of Scotland were replaced by one Peerage of Great Britain....
. The earldom of Richmond was held by various Bretons, Normans, the royal families of Plantagenet, Capet, Savoy, Tudor and Stewart.

Earls of Richmond

The title appears to have been in existence in England a considerable time before it was held in accordance with any strict legal principle. Alan Le Roux (c. 1040-1089), was a Breton
Brittany

Brittany is a former independent Celtic nations monarchy and duchy, now incorporated into France. It is also, more generally, the name of the cultural area whose limits correspond to the historic province and independent duchy....
 relative of Geoffrey of Brittany
Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany

Geoffrey I of Rennes was duke of Brittany, from 992 to his death. He was son of Duke Conan I, Duke of Brittany and Ermengarde of Anjou, Duchess of Brittany, whose parents were Geoffrey I of Anjou and Adele of Meaux....
. He took part in William the Conqueror's invasion of England, and Le Roux obtained grants of land in various parts of England, including manors formerly held by Earl Edwin
Edwin, Earl of Mercia

Edwin was the elder brother of Morcar, Earl of Northumbria, son of ?lfgar, Earl of Mercia and grandson of Leofric, Earl of Mercia. He succeeded to his father's title and responsibilities on ?lfgar's death in 1062....
 in Yorkshire
Yorkshire

Yorkshire is a Historic counties of England of northern England and the largest in Great Britain. Because of its great size, over time functions were increasingly undertaken by its subdivisions, which have been subject to History of local government in Yorkshire....
. He built the castle of Richmond
Richmond, North Yorkshire

Richmond is a market town on the River Swale in North Yorkshire, England and is the administrative centre of the district of Richmondshire. Situated on the edge of the Yorkshire Dales National Park, it is a popular tourist destination, with a total population of 8970....
 in one of these.

His brother Alan Le Noir, or Niger, (c. 1045-1093), succeeded to these estates on the former's death. Le Noir was in turn succeeded by Stephen (d. 1137), Count of Penthievre, who was either his son or another brother. These counts were territorial lords of Richmond, and are often reckoned as 'earls of Richmond', though they were not so in the strict later sense.

Stephen's son Alan
Alan de Bretagne, 1st Earl of Richmond

Alan of Penthi?vre In a politically arranged marriage Alan married Bertha, Duchess of Brittany, daughter of Conan III, Duke of Brittany, perhaps in a move to draw Brittany onto Stephen's side in the conflict against the dispossessed Empress Matilda....
 (c. 1116-1146), was the first of these lords to be styled 'Earl of Richmond'. This Alan married Bertha, daughter and heiress of Conan of Brittany
Conan III, Duke of Brittany

Conan III of Cornwall , was duke of Brittany, from 1112 to his death. He was son of Duke Alan IV, Duke of Brittany and Ermengarde of Anjou .Conan III allied himself with Stephen of England in his war against the dispossessed Empress Matilda....
. Their son Conan
Conan IV, Duke of Brittany

Conan IV of Penthi?vre , called "the Young", was duke of Brittany, from 1156 to his death. He was son of Alan de Bretagne, 1st Earl of Richmond and Bertha of Brittany....
 (c. 1138-1171) married Margaret of Huntingdon
Margaret of Huntingdon

Margaret of Huntingdon was the eldest daughter of David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon by his wife, Maud of Chester, daughter of Hugh de Kevelioc, 3rd Earl of Chester and Bertrada de Montfort-l'Amauri....
, sister of Malcolm IV of Scotland
Malcolm IV of Scotland

Malcolm IV , nicknamed Virgo, "the Maiden" , King of Scots, was the eldest son of Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon and Ada de Warenne....
. He asserted his right to Brittany, and with it Richmond, and transferred it in his lifetime to his daughter Constance (c. 1162-1201). As he left no sons, Richmond and his other English possessions passed to the king in 1171, though Constance is loosely spoken of as countess of Richmond in her own right.

Constance was three times married, and each of her husbands in turn assumed the title of earl of Richmond, in conjunction with that of Duke of Brittany
Duke of Brittany

The Duchy of Brittany was a medieval tribal and feudal state covering the Armorican peninsula west of Mont-Saint-Michel and north of Nantes/Naoned, including Rennes/Roazhon and Vannes/Gwened....
. They were: Geoffrey Plantagenet
Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany

Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond was Duke of Brittany between 1181 and 1186, through his marriage with the heiress Constance, Duchess of Brittany....
 (1158-1186), son of Henry II of England
Henry II of England

Henry II, called Curtmantle ruled as King of England , Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland and western France....
; Ranulph de Blondeville
Ranulph de Blondeville, 4th Earl of Chester

Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester born 1172 – died 1232, known in some references as the 4th Earl was one of the "old school" of Anglo-Norman barons whose loyalty to the Plantagenet dynasty was consistent but contingent on the receipt of lucrative favours....
, Earl of Chester
Earl of Chester

The Earldom of Chester was one of the most powerful earldoms in medieval England. Since 1301 the title has generally been given to heirs-apparent to the English throne, and from the late 14th century it has been given only in conjunction with that of Prince of Wales....
 (c. 1172-1232), the marriage with whom Constance treated as null on the ground of consanguinity; and Guy de Thouars (d. 1213), who survived his wife for twelve years. The only son of the first marriage, Arthur
Arthur I, Duke of Brittany

Arthur I was Duke of Brittany between 1194 and 1203. The Posthumous birth son of Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany and Constance, Duchess of Brittany....
 (1187-1203), was styled Earl of Richmond in his mother's lifetime, and on his murder at the hands of his uncle, King John, the earldom was resumed by the crown.

By her third husband Constance had two daughters, the elder of whom, Alice
Alix of Thouars

Alix of Thouars was the nominal Duke of Brittany from 1203 to her death....
, was given in marriage by Philip Augustus of France, to Peter de Braine in 1213, after which date Peter was styled Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, until about 1235, when he renounced his allegiance to England, and consequently suffered forfeiture of his English estates.

In 1241 Henry III
Henry III of England

Henry III was the son and successor of John of England as King of England, reigning for fifty-six years from 1216 to his death. His contemporaries knew him as Henry of Winchester....
 granted the estates of Richmond to Peter of Savoy (1203-1268), uncle of his queen consort, Eleanor of Provence
Eleanor of Provence

Eleanor of Provence was Queen Consort of King Henry III of England.Born in Aix-en-Provence, she was the daughter of Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence and Beatrice of Savoy , the daughter of Thomas I of Savoy and his second wife Marguerite of Geneva....
. Peter was thereafter described as Earl of Richmond by contemporary chroniclers. By his will he left Richmond to his niece, Eleanor, who transferred it to the crown.

In the same year (1268) Henry III granted the earldom specifically to John I, Duke of Brittany
John I, Duke of Brittany

John I the Red , known as John the Red due to the colour of his beard, was Duke of Brittany, from 1237 to his death. He was son of Duke Peter I, Duke of Brittany and Alix of Thouars, heiress of the duchy....
 (1217-1286), son of Peter de Braine, in whose family the title continued, though it was frequently forfeited, or reverted to the crown, and was recreated for the next heir, until 1342, when it was apparently resumed by Edward III
Edward III of England

Edward III was one of the most successful List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of Englands of the Britain in the Middle Ages. Restoring royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II of England, Edward III went on to transform the Kingdom of England into the most efficient military power in Europe....
, and granted by him to his son John of Gaunt, who then surrendered it in 1372.

The earldom was then given to John de Montfort, Duke of Brittany
John V, Duke of Brittany

John V the Conqueror , was Duke of Brittany and Count of Montfort, from 1345 until his death....
, but on his death without heirs in 1399, or possibly at an earlier date through forfeiture, it reverted to the crown. The earldom now became claimed by both the Duke of Brittany
Duke of Brittany

The Duchy of Brittany was a medieval tribal and feudal state covering the Armorican peninsula west of Mont-Saint-Michel and north of Nantes/Naoned, including Rennes/Roazhon and Vannes/Gwened....
 (a pariah in England) and the English appointees.

From 1414 to 1435 the earldom of Richmond was held by John Plantagenet, Duke of Bedford
Duke of Bedford

The titles of Earl or Duke of Bedford were created several times in the Peerage of England. It was first created for Enguerrand VII de Coucy, son-in-law of Edward III of England, in the 14th century....
, and in 1453 it was conferred on Edmund Tudor
Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond

Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond was the father of King Henry VII of England.Tudor was born either at Much Hadham Palace in Hertfordshire or at Hadham in Bedfordshire, an older son of Owen Tudor and Catherine of Valois ....
, half-brother to King Henry VI
Henry VI of England

Henry VI was Kingdom of England 1422?1461 and then 1470?1471, and King of France as the de jure monarch from 1422 to 1429....
. When Edmund's son Henry ascended the throne as Henry VII
Henry VII of England

Henry VII was the Kingdom of England and Lordship of Ireland from his usurpation of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the Tudor dynasty....
 in 1485, the earldom of Richmond merged in the crown, and for the next forty years there was no further grant of the title.

Ludovic Stuart, 2nd Duke of Lennox (1574-1624), who also held other titles in the peerage of Scotland
Peerage of Scotland

The Peerage of Scotland is the division of the United Kingdom Peerage for those peers created in the Kingdom of Scotland before 1707. With that year's Act of Union 1707, the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England were combined into the Kingdom of Great Britain, and a new Peerage of Great Britain was introduced in which subsequent ti...
, was created Earl of Richmond in 1613 and Duke of Richmond
Duke of Richmond

The title Duke of Richmond is named after Richmond, North Yorkshire and its surrounding district of Richmondshire, and has been created several times in the Peerage of England for members of the royal Tudor dynasty and House of Stuart families....
 in 1623. These became extinct at his death in 1624. The earldom was not recreated.

Earls of Richmond, 1st Creation (1136)

  • Alan de Bretagne, 1st Earl of Richmond
    Alan de Bretagne, 1st Earl of Richmond

    Alan of Penthi?vre In a politically arranged marriage Alan married Bertha, Duchess of Brittany, daughter of Conan III, Duke of Brittany, perhaps in a move to draw Brittany onto Stephen's side in the conflict against the dispossessed Empress Matilda....
     (d.1146)
  • Conan IV, Duke of Brittany
    Conan IV, Duke of Brittany

    Conan IV of Penthi?vre , called "the Young", was duke of Brittany, from 1156 to his death. He was son of Alan de Bretagne, 1st Earl of Richmond and Bertha of Brittany....
     (d.1171)
  • Constance, Duchess of Brittany
    Constance, Duchess of Brittany

    Constance of Penthi?vre was hereditary Duke of Brittany between 1171 and 1196. Constance was the only child of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, by his wife Margaret of Huntingdon, later called Countess of Hereford, a granddaughter of David I of Scotland....
     (1162-1201)
  • Arthur I, Duke of Brittany
    Arthur I, Duke of Brittany

    Arthur I was Duke of Brittany between 1194 and 1203. The Posthumous birth son of Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany and Constance, Duchess of Brittany....
     (1187-1203)
  • on his death, his sister Eleanor
    Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany

    Eleanor the "Fair Maid of Brittany" was the daughter of Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany and Constance, Duchess of Brittany. Upon the death of Richard I of England, a power struggle commenced between her younger brother Arthur I, Duke of Brittany and King John of England....
     was considered by some to have succeeded to the Earldom. She died 1236.


Earls of Richmond, 2nd Creation (1219)

  • Peter de Braine, 1st Earl of Richmond (1190-1250), forfeit 1235


Earls of Richmond, 3rd Creation (1261)

  • Peter of Savoy, 1st Earl of Richmond (1203-1268)


Earls of Richmond, 4th Creation (1268)

  • John I, Duke of Brittany
    John I, Duke of Brittany

    John I the Red , known as John the Red due to the colour of his beard, was Duke of Brittany, from 1237 to his death. He was son of Duke Peter I, Duke of Brittany and Alix of Thouars, heiress of the duchy....
     (1217-1286), resigned peerage to his son 1268
  • John de Bretagne, 2nd Earl of Richmond
    John II, Duke of Brittany

    John II was Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, from 1286 to his death. He was son of Duke John I, Duke of Brittany and Blanche, princess of Navarre....
     (1239-1305)


Earls of Richmond, 5th Creation (1306)

  • John de Bretagne, 1st Earl of Richmond (1266-1334)
  • John III, Duke of Brittany
    John III, Duke of Brittany

    John III the Good , was duke of Brittany, from 1312 to his death. He was son of Duke Arthur II, Duke of Brittany and Mary of Limoges, his first wife....
     (1286-1341)


Earls of Richmond, 6th Creation (1341)

  • John de Montfort, 1st Earl of Richmond (1293-1345)


Earls of Richmond, 7th Creation (1342)

  • John of Gaunt, 1st Earl of Richmond
    John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster

    John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Aquitaine was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third surviving son of King Edward III of England of England and Philippa of Hainault....
     (1340-1399, surrendered earldom 1372 in order to pursue his claim to the Crown of Castile
    Crown of Castile

    The Crown of Castile, as a historic entity, is usually considered to have begun in 1230 with the third and definitive union of the two kingdoms of Kingdom of Le?n and Kingdom of Castile, or more concretely, with the union of their parliaments a few decades later....
    )


Earls of Richmond, 8th Creation (1372)

  • John V, Duke of Brittany
    John V, Duke of Brittany

    John V the Conqueror , was Duke of Brittany and Count of Montfort, from 1345 until his death....
     (1339-1399)


Earls of Richmond, 9th Creation (1414)

  • John of Lancaster, Earl of Richmond
    John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford

    John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford , also known as John Plantagenet, was the third surviving son of Henry IV of England of Kingdom of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as Regent of France in the Middle Ages for his nephew, Henry VI of England....
     (1389-1435)


Earls of Richmond, 10th Creation (1453)

  • Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond
    Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond

    Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond was the father of King Henry VII of England.Tudor was born either at Much Hadham Palace in Hertfordshire or at Hadham in Bedfordshire, an older son of Owen Tudor and Catherine of Valois ....
     (1430-1456)
  • Henry Tudor, 2nd Earl of Richmond
    Henry VII of England

    Henry VII was the Kingdom of England and Lordship of Ireland from his usurpation of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the Tudor dynasty....
     (1456-1509), deemed forfeit in 1461 by the Yorkists, yet recognised as indisputable heir by Francis II, Duke of Brittany
    Francis II, Duke of Brittany

    Francis II was Duke of Brittany from 1458 to his death. He was the son of Count Richard of Etampe and the grandson of the late Duke John V, Duke of Brittany....
     who surrendered his rights to him and aided his side in the Battle of Bosworth Field
    Battle of Bosworth Field

    The Battle of Bosworth or Bosworth Field was House of Lancaster Henry VII of England defeat of House of York Richard III of England, ending the Plantagenet dynasty to begin a new Tudor dynasty....
    , after which became Henry VII. The Honour of Richmond became a personal fief of the Tudor dynasty
    Tudor dynasty

    The House of Tudor was a prominent European royal house that ruled the Kingdom of England and its realms from 1485 until 1603. Founded by Henry VII of England, who, though his paternal family was Welsh people ?his grandfather was Owen Tudor? was himself also a legitimized descendent of the royal House of Lancaster....
    .


Earls of Richmond, 11th Creation (1613)

  • Ludovic Stuart, 2nd Duke of Lennox (1574-1624), created Duke of Richmond
    Duke of Richmond

    The title Duke of Richmond is named after Richmond, North Yorkshire and its surrounding district of Richmondshire, and has been created several times in the Peerage of England for members of the royal Tudor dynasty and House of Stuart families....
     in 1623


See also

  • Duke of Richmond
    Duke of Richmond

    The title Duke of Richmond is named after Richmond, North Yorkshire and its surrounding district of Richmondshire, and has been created several times in the Peerage of England for members of the royal Tudor dynasty and House of Stuart families....
  • Richmond Herald
    Richmond Herald

    Richmond Herald of Arms in Ordinary is an Officer of Arms of the College of Arms. From 1421 to 1485 Richmond was a herald to John, Duke of Bedford, George, Duke of Clarence, and Henry, Earl of Richmond, all of whom held the Honour of Richmond....
  • Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland
    Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland

    File:Neville.svg?Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland was born in Raby Castle, County Durham, England, the son of John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby and Maud Percy....
  • George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence
    George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence

    George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence was the third son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, and the brother of kings Edward IV of England and Richard III of England....
  • House of Lancaster
    House of Lancaster

    The House of Lancaster was a branch of the royal House of Plantagenet. It was one of the opposing factions involved in the Wars of the Roses, an intermittent civil war which affected England and Wales during the 15th century....
  • Tudor dynasty
    Tudor dynasty

    The House of Tudor was a prominent European royal house that ruled the Kingdom of England and its realms from 1485 until 1603. Founded by Henry VII of England, who, though his paternal family was Welsh people ?his grandfather was Owen Tudor? was himself also a legitimized descendent of the royal House of Lancaster....